Guide to best practices for ocean CO2 measurement.

Global carbon budget 2020

Friedlingstein, P., O'Sullivan, M., Jones, M. W., Andrew, R. M., Hauck, J., Olsen, A., Peters, G. P., Peters, W., Pongratz, J., Sitch, S., et al. (2020) · Earth System Science Data · doi:10.5194/essd-12-3269-2020 · Cited by 2,544

Global Carbon Budget 2022

Friedlingstein, P., O'Sullivan, M., Jones, M. W., Andrew, R. M., Gregor, L., Hauck, J., Le Quéré, C., Luijkx, I. T., Olsen, A., Peters, G. P., et al. (2022) · Earth System Science Data · doi:10.5194/essd-14-4811-2022 · Cited by 1,895

Global Carbon Budget 2021

Friedlingstein, P., Jones, M. W., O'Sullivan, M., Andrew, R. M., Bakker, D. C. E., Hauck, J., Le Quéré, C., Peters, G. P., Peters, W., Pongratz, J., et al. (2022) · Earth System Science Data · doi:10.5194/essd-14-1917-2022 · Cited by 1,285

Losers and winners in coral reefs acclimatized to elevated carbon dioxide concentrations

Fabricius, K. E., Langdon, C., Uthicke, S., Humphrey, C., Noonan, S., De’ath, G., Okazaki, R., Muehllehner, N., Glas, M. S., & Lough, J. M. (2011) · Nature Climate Change · doi:10.1038/nclimate1122 · Cited by 1,006

The Impacts of Ocean Acidification on Marine Ecosystems and Reliant Human Communities

Doney, S. C., Busch, D. S., Cooley, S. R., & Kroeker, K. J. (2020) · Annual Review of Environment and Resources · doi:10.1146/annurev-environ-012320-083019 · Cited by 678

The universal ratio of boron to chlorinity for the North Pacific and North Atlantic oceans

Lee, K., Kim, T.-W., Byrne, R. H., Millero, F. J., Feely, R. A., & Liu, Y.-M. (2010) · Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.gca.2009.12.027 · Cited by 664

Assessing ocean alkalinity for carbon sequestration

Renforth, P., & Henderson, G. (2017) · Reviews of Geophysics · doi:10.1002/2016rg000533 · Cited by 655

The combined effects of ocean acidification, mixing, and respiration on pH and carbonate saturation in an urbanized estuary

Feely, R. A., Alin, S. R., Newton, J., Sabine, C. L., Warner, M., Devol, A., Krembs, C., & Maloy, C. (2010) · Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science · doi:10.1016/j.ecss.2010.05.004 · Cited by 621

Coastal ocean acidification: The other eutrophication problem

Wallace, R. B., Baumann, H., Grear, J. S., Aller, R. C., & Gobler, C. J. (2014) · Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science · doi:10.1016/j.ecss.2014.05.027 · Cited by 607

A Time-Series View of Changing Ocean Chemistry Due to Ocean Uptake of Anthropogenic CO2 and Ocean Acidification

Bates, N., Astor, Y., Church, M., Currie, K., Dore, J., Gonaález-Dávila, M., Lorenzoni, L., Muller-Karger, F., Olafsson, J., & Santa-Casiano, M. (2014) · Oceanography · doi:10.5670/oceanog.2014.16 · Cited by 532

Future ocean acidification will be amplified by hypoxia in coastal habitats

Melzner, F., Thomsen, J., Koeve, W., Oschlies, A., Gutowska, M. A., Bange, H. W., Hansen, H. P., & Körtzinger, A. (2013) · Marine Biology · doi:10.1007/s00227-012-1954-1 · Cited by 501

Sea surface microlayers: A unified physicochemical and biological perspective of the air–ocean interface

Cunliffe, M., Engel, A., Frka, S., Gašparović, B., Guitart, C., Murrell, J. C., Salter, M., Stolle, C., Upstill-Goddard, R., & Wurl, O. (2013) · Progress in Oceanography · doi:10.1016/j.pocean.2012.08.004 · Cited by 454

Food availability outweighs ocean acidification effects in juvenile Mytilus edulis : laboratory and field experiments

Thomsen, J., Casties, I., Pansch, C., Körtzinger, A., & Melzner, F. (2013) · Global Change Biology · doi:10.1111/gcb.12109 · Cited by 446

Mesocosm Experiments as a Tool for Ecological Climate-Change Research

Stewart, R. I. A., Dossena, M., Bohan, D. A., Jeppesen, E., Kordas, R. L., Ledger, M. E., Meerhoff, M., Moss, B., Mulder, C., Shurin, J. B., et al. (2013) · Advances in Ecological Research · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-417199-2.00002-1 · Cited by 387

Calcifying invertebrates succeed in a naturally CO 2 enriched coastal habitat but are threatened by high levels of future acidification

Thomsen, J., Gutowska, M. A., Saphörster, J., Heinemann, A., Trübenbach, K., Fietzke, J., Hiebenthal, C., Eisenhauer, A., Körtzinger, A., Wahl, M., et al. (2010) · doi:10.5194/bgd-7-5119-2010 · Cited by 373

Recommendations for autonomous underway pCO2 measuring systems and data-reduction routines

Pierrot, D., Neill, C., Sullivan, K., Castle, R., Wanninkhof, R., Lüger, H., Johannessen, T., Olsen, A., Feely, R. A., & Cosca, C. E. (2009) · Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography · doi:10.1016/j.dsr2.2008.12.005 · Cited by 360

Divergent ecosystem responses within a benthic marine community to ocean acidification

Kroeker, K. J., Micheli, F., Gambi, M. C., & Martz, T. R. (2011) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1107789108 · Cited by 352

Long-term and trans-life-cycle effects of exposure to ocean acidification in the green sea urchin Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis

Dupont, S., Dorey, N., Stumpp, M., Melzner, F., & Thorndyke, M. (2013) · Marine Biology · doi:10.1007/s00227-012-1921-x · Cited by 342

Leads in Arctic pack ice enable early phytoplankton blooms below snow-covered sea ice

Assmy, P., Fernández-Méndez, M., Duarte, P., Meyer, A., Randelhoff, A., Mundy, C. J., Olsen, L. M., Kauko, H. M., Bailey, A., Chierici, M., et al. (2017) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/srep40850 · Cited by 339

Biogeochemical sensor performance in the SOCCOM profiling float array

Johnson, K. S., Plant, J. N., Coletti, L. J., Jannasch, H. W., Sakamoto, C. M., Riser, S. C., Swift, D. D., Williams, N. L., Boss, E., Haëntjens, N., et al. (2017) · Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans · doi:10.1002/2017jc012838 · Cited by 300

Moderate seawater acidification does not elicit long-term metabolic depression in the blue mussel Mytilus edulis

Thomsen, J., & Melzner, F. (2010) · Marine Biology · doi:10.1007/s00227-010-1527-0 · Cited by 290

Biogeochemical protocols and diagnostics for the CMIP6 Ocean Model Intercomparison Project (OMIP)

Orr, J. C., Najjar, R. G., Aumont, O., Bopp, L., Bullister, J. L., Danabasoglu, G., Doney, S. C., Dunne, J. P., Dutay, J.-C., Graven, H., et al. (2017) · Geoscientific Model Development · doi:10.5194/gmd-10-2169-2017 · Cited by 266

Interactive effects of salinity and elevated CO2 levels on juvenile eastern oysters,Crassostrea virginica

Dickinson, G. H., Ivanina, A. V., Matoo, O. B., Pörtner, H. O., Lannig, G., Bock, C., Beniash, E., & Sokolova, I. M. (2012) · Journal of Experimental Biology · doi:10.1242/jeb.061481 · Cited by 264

Hypoxia and acidification have additive and synergistic negative effects on the growth, survival, and metamorphosis of early life stage bivalves

Gobler, C. J., DePasquale, E. L., Griffith, A. W., & Baumann, H. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0083648 · Cited by 260

Ocean acidification compromises recruitment success of the threatened Caribbean coral Acropora palmata

Albright, R., Mason, B., Miller, M., & Langdon, C. (2010) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1007273107 · Cited by 260

Limacina helicina shell dissolution as an indicator of declining habitat suitability owing to ocean acidification in the California Current Ecosystem

Bednaršek, N., Feely, R. A., Reum, J. C. P., Peterson, B., Menkel, J., Alin, S. R., & Hales, B. (2014) · Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rspb.2014.0123 · Cited by 259

Large natural pH, CO2 and O2 fluctuations in a temperate tidal salt marsh on diel, seasonal, and interannual time scales

Baumann, H., Wallace, R. B., Tagliaferri, T., & Gobler, C. J. (2015) · Estuaries and Coasts · doi:10.1007/s12237-014-9800-y · Cited by 256

13C–18O isotope signatures and ‘clumped isotope’ thermometry in foraminifera and coccoliths

Tripati, A. K., Eagle, R. A., Thiagarajan, N., Gagnon, A. C., Bauch, H., Halloran, P. R., & Eiler, J. M. (2010) · Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.gca.2010.07.006 · Cited by 240

Ocean Alkalinity Enhancement – Avoiding runaway CaCO 3 precipitation during quick and hydrated lime dissolution

Moras, C. A., Bach, L. T., Cyronak, T., Joannes-Boyau, R., & Schulz, K. G. (2021) · doi:10.5194/bg-2021-330 · Cited by 194

Diel Variability in Seawater pH Relates to Calcification and Benthic Community Structure on Coral Reefs

Price, N. N., Martz, T. R., Brainard, R. E., & Smith, J. E. (2012) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0043843 · Cited by 172

Comparison of ten packages that compute ocean carbonate chemistry

Orr, J. C., Epitalon, J.-M., & Gattuso, J.-P. (2015) · Biogeosciences · doi:10.5194/bg-12-1483-2015 · Cited by 160

Standing genetic variation fuels rapid adaptation to ocean acidification

(2019) · doi:10.1038/s41467-019-13767-1 · Cited by 162

Coralline algal structure is more sensitive to rate, rather than the magnitude, of ocean acidification

Kamenos, N. A., Burdett, H. L., Aloisio, E., Findlay, H. S., Martin, S., Longbone, C., Dunn, J., Widdicombe, S., & Calosi, P. (2013) · Global Change Biology · doi:10.1111/gcb.12351 · Cited by 147

Coral reef calcifiers buffer their response to ocean acidification using both bicarbonate and carbonate

Comeau, S., Carpenter, R. C., & Edmunds, P. J. (2013) · Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rspb.2012.2374 · Cited by 154

Physiological responses of three temperate coralline algae from contrasting habitats to near-future ocean acidification

Noisette, F., Egilsdottir, H., Davoult, D., & Martin, S. (2013) · Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology · doi:10.1016/j.jembe.2013.07.006 · Cited by 121

Ocean acidification and warming decrease calcification in the crustose coralline alga Hydrolithon onkodes and increase susceptibility to grazing

Johnson, M. D., & Carpenter, R. C. (2012) · Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology · doi:10.1016/j.jembe.2012.08.005 · Cited by 116

Saturating light and not increased carbon dioxide under ocean acidification drives photosynthesis and growth in Ulva rigida (Chlorophyta)

Rautenberger, R., Fernández, P. A., Strittmatter, M., Heesch, S., Cornwall, C. E., Hurd, C. L., & Roleda, M. Y. (2015) · Ecology and Evolution · doi:10.1002/ece3.1382 · Cited by 105

Vulnerability of early life stage Northwest Atlantic forage fish to ocean acidification and low oxygen

DePasquale, E., Baumann, H., & Gobler, C. (2015) · Marine Ecology Progress Series · doi:10.3354/meps11142 · Cited by 106

Assessment of pH variability at a coastal CO2 vent for ocean acidification studies

Kerrison, P., Hall-Spencer, J. M., Suggett, D. J., Hepburn, L. J., & Steinke, M. (2011) · Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science · doi:10.1016/j.ecss.2011.05.025 · Cited by 99

Greenhouse conditions induce mineralogical changes and dolomite accumulation in coralline algae on tropical reefs

Diaz-Pulido, G., Nash, M. C., Anthony, K. R. N., Bender, D., Opdyke, B. N., Reyes-Nivia, C., & Troitzsch, U. (2014) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/ncomms4310 · Cited by 95

Ocean Acidification Accelerates the Growth of Two Bloom-Forming Macroalgae

Young, C. S., & Gobler, C. J. (2016) · PLOS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0155152 · Cited by 83

The effects of elevated CO 2 on the growth and toxicity of field populations and cultures of the saxitoxin-producing dinoflagellate, Alexandrium fundyense: Effects of elevated CO 2 on A. fundyense

Hattenrath-Lehmann, T. K., Smith, J. L., Wallace, R. B., Merlo, L. R., Koch, F., Mittelsdorf, H., Goleski, J. A., Anderson, D. M., & Gobler, C. J. (2015) · Limnology and Oceanography · doi:10.1002/lno.10012 · Cited by 79

Seawater carbonate system considerations for ocean alkalinity enhancement research

Schulz, K. G., Bach, L. T., & Dickson, A. G. (2023) · doi:10.5194/sp-2023-12 · Cited by 81

Seawater carbonate chemistry considerations for ocean alkalinity enhancement research: theory, measurements, and calculations

Schulz, K. G., Bach, L. T., & Dickson, A. G. (2023) · State of the Planet · doi:10.5194/sp-2-oae2023-2-2023 · Cited by 81

Short- and long-term consequences of larval stage exposure to constantly and ephemerally elevated carbon dioxide for marine bivalve populations

Gobler, C. J., & Talmage, S. C. (2013) · Biogeosciences · doi:10.5194/bg-10-2241-2013 · Cited by 78

Experimental study on mafic rock dissolution rates within CO2-seawater-rock systems

Marieni, C., Matter, J. M., & Teagle, D. A. H. (2020) · Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.gca.2020.01.004 · Cited by 74

Oxygen utilization and downward carbon flux in an oxygen-depleted eddy in the eastern tropical North Atlantic.

Fiedler, B., Grundle, D. S., Schütte, F., Karstensen, J., Löscher, C. R., Hauss, H., Wagner, H., Loginova, A., Kiko, R., Silva, P., et al. (2016) · Biogeosciences · doi:10.5194/bg-13-5633-2016 · Cited by 46

Effects of grain size and seawater salinity on magnesium hydroxide dissolution and secondary calcium carbonate precipitation kinetics: implications for ocean alkalinity enhancement

Moras, C. A., Cyronak, T., Bach, L. T., Joannes-Boyau, R., & Schulz, K. G. (2024) · Biogeosciences · doi:10.5194/bg-21-3463-2024 · Cited by 17