Ludology, Narratology and Philosophical Hermeneutics

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S1 (asserted), S3 (load-bearing).

Frasca believes Eskelinen was referring to what the focus of game scholarship should be.

“One scholar with this emphasis is Gonzalo Frasca (2003), a sworn ludologist, who believes that Eskelinen “was referring to what the focus of game scholarship should be.”

• cites Frasca (2003) sourceSupported

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S4 (based).

Eskelinen's 'The Gaming Situation' has produced rich interpretational diversity.

“As a case study we review a section from Markku Eskelinen's 'The Gaming Situation' (2001) because of the rich interpretational diversity the essay has produced.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S4 (based).

Representative features do often seem to facilitate comprehending more and less complex game rules and interacting with more and less virtualized game entities.

“what is relevant for us is the observation that representative features do often seem to facilitate comprehending more and less complex game rules and interacting with more and less virtualized game entities.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

Story components are undeniably present in World of Warcraft and may and do have major importance in the ludic experience of the game.

“While story components are undeniably present and they may and do have major importance in the ludic experience of the game”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

Crogan refers to the same metaphors in his discussion of game manual functions.

“Our second take on the statement comes from Patrick Crogan (2003), who refers to the same metaphors in his discussion of game manual functions:”

• cites Crogan (2003) sourceNot checked — no full text of the source

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

Mario has story components that can be assembled into a coherent save-the-princess story.

“Whereas Mario does have story components that can be assembled into a coherent save-the-princess story”

Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

Understanding Mario as a game has very little to do with its story components.

“It soon becomes clear to us that understanding Mario as a game has very little to do with its story components.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

Crogan interprets ornaments and wrappings not only as separate metaphorical units but also in relation to literal ornaments and wrappings that come with games.

“Here we see ornaments and wrappings interpreted not only as separate metaphorical units but also in relation to literal ornaments and wrappings that come with games.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

Crogan's interpretation takes into consideration the metaphors' value charge.

“Unlike in our previous case, this interpretation also takes into consideration the metaphors' value charge.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

For Crogan, Eskelinen's reference functions as a rival statement.

“For Crogan to whom the manual is an important component of the game at his hand, Microsoft Flight Simulator 2 (Microsoft 1984), the reference functions as a rival statement.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

In Järvinen's interpretation, the metaphorical units 'ornament' and 'gift-wrapping' are disconnected from their evaluating context, and the preceding adjective 'uninteresting' plays no role.

“In this case the metaphorical units 'ornament' and 'gift-wrapping' are disconnected from their evaluating context; the preceding adjective 'uninteresting' plays no role.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

Ryan interprets Eskelinen's statement as asserting that games are games, they are not narratives, and the two cannot truly hybridize.

““Games are games, they are not narratives … [the two] cannot truly hybridize.”(183)”

• cites Ryan (2006)Not checked — no full text of the source

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based). May combine two claims.

Our interpretation takes place at a time when the question has been declared dead by many of our colleagues, which must have a great effect on us.

“We recognize that our interpretation takes place at a time when the question has been declared dead by many of our colleagues, which must have a great effect on us.”

Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

World of Warcraft has plenty of cut-scenes, characters, written dialogue and other components that encourage the player to show story-constructing interest.

“The game has plenty of cut-scenes, characters, written dialogue and other components that all encourage the player to show story-constructing interest to it.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

In World of Warcraft, story components appear to play a more substantial role.

“In World of Warcraft story components appear to play a more substantial role.”

Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

The story potential of Mario is insignificant for understanding the artifact as a game.

“we both consider that story potential insignificant for understanding the artifact as a game”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

Järvinen interprets Eskelinen's figurative 'ornament' as an instance of applied ludology.

“Here we observe how Järvinen interprets Eskelinen's figurative 'ornament' as an instance of applied ludology.”

• cites Järvinen (2008)Not checked — no full text of the source

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

Ryan employs her interpretation to bring out ludology as a game theoretical school with an agenda that ignores narratological concerns.

“Ryan employs her interpretation to bring out ludology as a game theoretical school with an agenda that ignores narratological concerns.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

In Crogan's context, Eskelinen's essay is interpreted primarily as an anti-paratextual account.

“In this context Eskelinen's essay is interpreted primarily as an anti-paratextual account.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

Frasca performed an actual correspondence with the author to gather supporting extra-textual information.

“We immediately notice the exceptional means by which Frasca has gathered supporting extra-textual information: he performs an actual correspondence with the author.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable). May combine two claims.

Our interpretation indicated that the function of story components is protean, and the most interesting questions concerning them lie on exploring these protean functionalities.

“Our interpretation indicated that the function of story components is protean, and the most interesting questions concerning them lie on exploring these protean functionalities.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S4 (based).

With conscious application of the hermeneutic method, persistent and problematic questions in game studies, such as those related to narrative, definition, and art, gain potential to be treated with increased sophistication.

“It is suggested that with conscious application of the hermeneutic method the persistent and problematic questions in game studies, like those related to narrative, definition, and art, gain potential to be treated with increased sophistication.”

• AssumptionThe authors state this as an assumption: The conscious application of the hermeneutic method is not academically well-established.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable).

Hermeneutics is useful for interpreting texts that have been proven problematic.

“As such, it is useful for interpreting texts that have been proven problematic.”

May combine two claims.

Hermeneutics is a recognized method outside game studies, with a research tradition dating back centuries.

“Hermeneutics is a recognized method outside game studies, with a research tradition dating back centuries.”

• cites Grondin 1994Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

Schleiermacher pursued a practical interpretive method that would enable one to understand texts at first just as well as and then better than its author.

“Departing from the premise that “one only understands partially and incompletely” (Schleiermacher 1838(Schleiermacher /1998, 231), 231), Schleiermacher went on to pursue a practical interpretive method that would enable one to understand texts “at first just as well as and then better than its author” (23).”

• cites Schleiermacher 1838(Schleiermacher /1998, 231)Not checked — no full text of the source

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S4 (based). May combine two claims.

Hermeneutics provides cohesion not available through deconstruction, and methodological tools not present in most close-reading techniques.

“It provides cohesion not available through deconstruction, and methodological tools not present in most close-reading techniques.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

Hermeneutics became a general theory of interpretation already in the 19th century.

“Hermeneutics became a general theory of interpretation already in the 19th century.”

• cites Schmidt 2006 sourceNot checked — no full text of the source

Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

The variables most influential in interpreting Eskelinen's controversial phrase include temporal distance, contextual factors, and reading motivations.

“With reference to Gadamer, the variables that we consider most influential in the present case include, but are hardly limited to, i. temporal distance; ii. contextual factors; and iii. reading motivations.”

• cites GadamerNot matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable).

Acknowledging that some games have meaningful story components and some do not allows us to ask what the difference between these two types of games ultimately is.

“Acknowledging that some games have meaningful story components and some do not allows us to ask what the difference between these two types of games ultimately is.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

Mario's ludically insignificant story components may not be insignificant from other horizons, for example when analyzing Mario as a cultural product.

“At this point we remind ourselves that the game's ludically insignificant story components may not be insignificant from other horizons, e.g. when analyzing Mario as a cultural product (see Kinder 1991;Sheff 1993).”

• cites Kinder 1991Not checked — no full text of the source
• cites Sheff 1993Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

Gadamer asserts that the discovery of the true meaning of a text or a work of art is never finished.

“the discovery of the true meaning of a text or a work of art is never finished”

• cites Gadamer (1960/2004)Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

Recreative interpretive activity is always done from a limited point of view, a horizon.

“The recreative interpretive activity is always done from a limited point of view, a horizon.”

• cites Gadamer (1960/2004)Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

The same hermeneutic circularity operates on a more universal scale: understanding a single essay as parts of its author's all texts, and the author perhaps as part of a larger academic community.

“Note that the same circularity operates also on a more universal scale: understanding a single essay as parts of its author's all texts, and the author perhaps as part of a larger”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).

For scholars working on the field of game design, the word 'story' may have a somewhat different meaning.

“Based on this, we are aware that for those scholars working, for instance, on the field of game design the word 'story' may have a somewhat different meaning.”

May combine two claims.

Understanding World of Warcraft as a general phenomenon requires an understanding of its story components; understanding World of Warcraft as a game does not.

“Understanding World of Warcraft as a general phenomenon requires an understanding of its story components; understanding World of Warcraft as a game does not.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).

In another context, right after the text's publication in 2001, this kind of interpretation would have been rather unimaginable.

“In another context, say, right after the text's publication in 2001, this kind of interpretation would have been rather unimaginable.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

Hermeneutic interpretation divides into two simultaneously operating types: grammatical and psychological.

“He divides hermeneutic interpretation into two simultaneously operating types: grammatical and psychological.”

• cites Schleiermacher 1838(Schleiermacher /1998)Not checked — no full text of the source

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

Frasca's correspondence functions as a supporting tool for his particular interest in understanding the essay directly.

“This functions as a supporting tool for his particular interest in understanding the essay not better than its author understands himself nor in relation to other phenomena but 'directly,' in Schleiermacher's terms.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S4 (based).

All interpretations live in time, being subject to revisions in later contexts.

“Regardless, all interpretations live in time, being subject to revisions in later contexts⎯to be reinterpreted.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

The interpreter is normally capable of gathering more extra-textual facts of the text than its author, and thus normally capable of understanding the text better than its author.

“Since the interpreter is normally capable of gathering more extra-textual facts of the text than its author, the interpreter is normally also capable of understanding the text better that its author.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable). May combine two claims.

The horizon is necessarily limited by these factors, but it also enables us to make interpretations that are meaningful for our particular purposes.

“The horizon is necessarily limited by these factors, but it also enables us to make interpretations that meaningful for our particular purposes.”

Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

Contextual changes affect interpretations.

“This contributes to the present discussion by illustrating how contextual changes affect interpretations.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

Motives have significant effects even on grammatical interpretations.

“We notice how motives have significant effects even on grammatical interpretations.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

With the help of time, horizons slowly broaden as we move away from the object of interpretation and see more of the things that surround it.

“With the help of time, horizons slowly broaden as we move away from the object of interpretation and see more of the things that surround it.”

• cites Gadamer (1960/2004)Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable). May combine two claims.

An interpretation of a 'text that understands games' need not always be a reconstruction of the author's intended meaning, but can also be a recreation of meaning that may be useful solely for the purposes of a particular horizon.

“The most important contribution of this article has been to show how an interpretation of a 'text that understands games' need not always be a reconstruction of the author's intended meaning, but it can also be a recreation of meaning that may be useful solely for the purposes of a particular horizon.”

Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

When game scholars talk about 'narratives,' 'stories,' and 'fiction' they actually refer to game components that have some representative features.

“This enables us to recognize the fact that when game scholars talk about 'narratives,' 'stories,' and 'fiction' they actually refer to game components that have some representative features.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).

From the position of temporal distance we are able to survey the discussion and grasp a wider context than earlier interpreters.

“From the position of (i) temporal distance we are able to survey the discussion and grasp a wider context than earlier interpreters.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S4 (based).

The gameness of Mario is found in its mechanics, first and foremost in its kinesthetic patterns that the player must exert if she or he wishes to keep on playing.

“For us, the gameness of Mario is found in its mechanics, first and foremost in its kinesthetic patterns that the player must exert if she or he wishes to keep on playing.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable).

Schleiermacher's notions of different types of interpretations are useful in understanding game studies discourses.

“We began by showing how Schleiermacher's notions of different types of interpretations are useful in understanding game studies discourses.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

Järvinen had preconceptions and motives for reading, which together made him apply this specific part to his own work.

“What is important is that Järvinen did have some preconceptions and motives for reading, which together made him apply this specific part to his own work.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

'Story components as ornaments' is a fruitful notion: they often seem to appear as features that do not play major roles in the 'gameness' of games.

“In this sense we consider 'story components as ornaments' a fruitful notion: they often seem to appear as features that do not play major roles in the 'gameness' of games.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S4 (based).

Dismissing these questions as irrelevant means that the interpreter is only incapable of interpreting them productively.

“Dismissing these questions as irrelevant means that the interpreter is only incapable of interpreting them productively.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S3 (load-bearing).

All of these factors relate to our horizon of interpretation.

“All of the factors relate to our horizon of interpretation, as elaborated previously.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S4 (based).

Eskelinen's interpretation of his own text was shaped by the flood of other interpretations.

“What has obviously shaped Eskelinen's above interpretation of his own text is the flood of other interpretations.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S4 (based).

No two interpretations ever share the same context.

“No two interpretations ever share the same context.”

Classified as probably not a substantial claim. May combine two claims.

Classical hermeneutics conceives of interpretation as reconstruction, whereas philosophical hermeneutics defines the process by recreation.

“Consequently, whereas classical hermeneutics conceive of interpretation as reconstruction, in philosophical hermeneutics the process is defined by recreation.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S4 (based).

With few exceptions, abandoning prominent academic questions is merely a result of deficient interpretation.

“With few exceptions, abandoning prominent academic questions is merely a result of deficient interpretation.”