The DOI matches its Crossref record; 90 of the 90 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Guidance on harmonised methodologies for human health, animal health and ecological risk assessment of combined exposure to multiple chemicals
Open accessAbstract
This Guidance document describes harmonised risk assessment methodologies for combined exposure to multiple chemicals for all relevant areas within EFSA's remit, i.e. human health, animal health and ecological areas. First, a short review of the key terms, scientific basis for combined exposure risk assessment and approaches to assessing (eco)toxicology is given, including existing frameworks for these risk assessments. This background was evaluated, resulting in a harmonised framework for risk assessment of combined exposure to multiple chemicals. The framework is based on the risk assessment steps (problem formulation, exposure assessment, hazard identification and characterisation, and risk characterisation including uncertainty analysis), with tiered and stepwise approaches for both whole mixture approaches and component-based approaches. Specific considerations are given to component-based approaches including the grouping of chemicals into common assessment groups, the use of dose addition as a default assumption, approaches to integrate evidence of interactions and the refinement of assessment groups. Case studies are annexed in this guidance document to explore the feasibility and spectrum of applications of the proposed methods and approaches for human and animal health and ecological risk assessment. The Scientific Committee considers that this Guidance is fit for purpose for risk assessments of combined exposure to multiple chemicals and should be applied in all relevant areas of EFSA's work. Future work and research are recommended.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Van den Berg, M., Birnbaum, L. S., Denison, M., De Vito, M., Farland, W., Feeley, M., Fiedler, H., Hakansson, H., Hanberg, A., Haws, L., et al. (2006) · Toxicological Sciences · doi:10.1093/toxsci/kfl055 · Cited by 3,785
Self-citationAnkley, G. T., Bennett, R. S., Erickson, R. J., Hoff, D. J., Hornung, M. W., Johnson, R. D., Mount, D. R., Nichols, J. W., Russom, C. L., Schmieder, P. K., et al. (2009) · Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry · doi:10.1002/etc.34 · Cited by 2,734
THE TOXICITY OF POISONS APPLIED JOINTLY1
BLISS, C. I. (1939) · Annals of Applied Biology · doi:10.1111/j.1744-7348.1939.tb06990.x · Cited by 2,419
The search for synergy: a critical review from a response surface perspective.
Greco, W. R., Bravo, G., & Parsons, J. C. (1995) · Pharmacological Reviews · doi:10.1016/s0031-6997(25)06847-4 · Cited by 1,434
Neonicotinoid Pesticide Reduces Bumble Bee Colony Growth and Queen Production
Whitehorn, P. R., O’Connor, S., Wackers, F. L., & Goulson, D. (2012) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1215025 · Cited by 1,290
Species Sensitivity Distributions in Ecotoxicology
(2001) · CRC Press eBooks · doi:10.1201/9781420032314 · Cited by 1,161
Quantifying Synergy: A Systematic Review of Mixture Toxicity Studies within Environmental Toxicology
Cedergreen, N. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0096580 · Cited by 912
Self-citationEFSA Scientific Committee (2012) · EFSA Journal · doi:10.2903/j.efsa.2012.2579 · Cited by 886
Self-citationClassifying environmental pollutants
Verhaar, H. J. M., van Leeuwen, C. J., & Hermens, J. L. M. (1992) · Chemosphere · doi:10.1016/0045-6535(92)90280-5 · Cited by 801
(PPR), E. P. O. P. P. P. A. T. R. (2013) · EFSA Journal · doi:10.2903/j.efsa.2013.3290 · Cited by 753
Cited by
Risk to human health related to the presence of perfluoroalkyl substances in food
Panel), E. P. O. C. I. T. F. C. (. C., Schrenk, D., Bignami, M., Bodin, L., Chipman, J. K., del Mazo, J., Grasl‐Kraupp, B., Hogstrand, C., Hoogenboom, L. (., Leblanc, J., et al. (2020) · EFSA Journal · doi:10.2903/j.efsa.2020.6223 · Cited by 989
Self-citationDrakvik, E., Altenburger, R., Aoki, Y., Backhaus, T., Bahadori, T., Barouki, R., Brack, W., Cronin, M. T. D., Demeneix, B., Hougaard Bennekou, S., et al. (2020) · Environment International · doi:10.1016/j.envint.2019.105267 · Cited by 268
Self-citationRisk Assessment of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substance Mixtures: A Relative Potency Factor Approach
Bil, W., Zeilmaker, M., Fragki, S., Lijzen, J., Verbruggen, E., & Bokkers, B. (2020) · Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry · doi:10.1002/etc.4835 · Cited by 158
Goodrum, P. E., Anderson, J. K., Luz, A. L., & Ansell, G. K. (2021) · Toxicological Sciences · doi:10.1093/toxsci/kfaa123 · Cited by 118
Perfluoroalkyl contaminants in eggs from backyard chickens reared in Italy
Gazzotti, T., Sirri, F., Ghelli, E., Zironi, E., Zampiga, M., & Pagliuca, G. (2021) · Food Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.130178 · Cited by 52
Metadata
- Authors
- EFSA Scientific Committee, More, S. J., Bampidis, V., Benford, D., Bennekou, S. H., Bragard, C., Halldorsson, T. I., Hernández‐Jerez, A. F., Koutsoumanis, K., Naegeli, H., Schlatter, J. R., Silano, V., Nielsen, S. S., Schrenk, D., Turck, D., Younes, M., Benfenati, E., Castle, L., Cedergreen, N., Hardy, A., Laskowski, R., Leblanc, J. C., Kortenkamp, A., Ragas, A., Posthuma, L., Svendsen, C., Solecki, R., Testai, E., Dujardin, B., Kass, G. E., Manini, P., Jeddi, M. Z., Dorne, J. C., & Hogstrand, C.
- Venue
- EFSA Journal
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2019-03
- Volume
- 17
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- e05634-e05634
- ISSN
- 1831-4732 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2934052627
- Cited by
- 574
- References
- 90
- FWCI
- 47.70
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Guidance on harmonised methodologies for human health, animal health and ecological risk assessment of combined exposure to multiple chemicals. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.2903/j.efsa.2019.5634
- The paper
- EFSA Scientific Committee, More, S. J., Bampidis, V., Benford, D., Bennekou, S. H., Bragard, C., Halldorsson, T. I., Hernández‐Jerez, A. F., Koutsoumanis, K., Naegeli, H., Schlatter, J. R., Silano, V., Nielsen, S. S., Schrenk, D., Turck, D., Younes, M., Benfenati, E., Castle, L., Cedergreen, N., . . . Hogstrand, C. (2019). Guidance on harmonised methodologies for human health, animal health and ecological risk assessment of combined exposure to multiple chemicals. EFSA Journal. https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2019.5634
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
