The DOI matches its Crossref record; 145 of the 148 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Problems of Reliability and Validity in Ethnographic Research
Abstract
Although problems of reliability and validity have been explored thoroughly by experimenters and other quantitative researchers, their treatment by ethnographers has been sporadic and haphazard. This article analyzes these constructs as defined and addressed by ethnographers. Issues of reliability and validity in ethnographic design are compared to their counterparts in experimental design. Threats to the credibility of ethnographic research are summarized and categorized from field study methodology. Strategies intended to enhance credibility are incorporated throughout the investigative process: study design, data collection, data analysis, and presentation of findings. Common approaches to resolving various categories of contamination are illustrated from the current literature in educational ethnography.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“As for ethnographic studies [58-61], this work addresses the research criteria of validity by proposing a thing ethnography methodology that acknowledges the animistic nature of GenAI tools. This approach considers the access to their perspectives and reaches consistent interpretations when comparing interview results with the existing body of literature.”
From Using Generative Artificial Intelligence Tools to Explain and Enhance Experiential Learning for Authentic Assessment (2024) · cites this paper as [58]
Citations
Cites
Wagner, H. R., Glaser, B. G., & Strauss, A. L. (1968) · Social Forces · doi:10.2307/2575405 · Cited by 46,525
The Discovery of Grounded Theory; Strategies for Qualitative Research
Glaser, B. G., Strauss, A. L., & Strutzel, E. (1968) · Nursing Research · doi:10.1097/00006199-196807000-00014 · Cited by 39,449
(1963) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 15,085
From dissertation abstracts international
(1974) · ACM SIGGRAPH Computer Graphics · doi:10.1145/988616.988619 · Cited by 12,208
(1979) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 11,252
(2017) · Sage eBooks · doi:10.4135/9781483381411.n168 · Cited by 8,268
Review of research in education
Shulman, L. S., Mowry, S., & Berliner, D. C. (1973) · F.E. Peacock eBooks · Cited by 7,754
The Research Act: A Theoretical Introduction to Sociological Methods
Fox, W. S., & Denzin, N. K. (1979) · Contemporary Sociology A Journal of Reviews · doi:10.2307/2065439 · Cited by 6,295
Quasi-experimentation: Design and analysis issues for field settings
Shrout, P. E. (1980) · Evaluation and Program Planning · doi:10.1016/0149-7189(80)90063-4 · Cited by 6,091
Analyzing Social Settings: A Guide To Qualitative Observation And Analysis
Lofland, J., & , J. (1971) · Works - Scholarship, Research, & Creative Expression (Swarthmore College) · Cited by 5,625
Research works printed but not linked: 75
- AppelbaumRPTheories of social change1970ChicagoMarkham
- BarkerRGWrightHFMidwest and its children1954Evanston, IllRow, Peterson
- BeckerHGeerBHughesEMaking the grade: The academic side of college life1968New YorkWiley
- BeckerHGeerBHughesEStraussABoys in white: Student culture in medical school1961ChicagoUniversity of Chicago Press
- BerremanGDBehind many masks: Ethnography and impression management in a Himalayan villageMonographs of the Society for Applied Anthropology19624
- BiddleBJMethods and concepts in classroom researchReview of Educational Research196737337357
- CassellJA fieldwork manual for studying desegregated schools1978Washington, D.CThe National Institute of Education
- CicourelAVMethod and measurement in sociology1964New YorkFree Press
- CicourelAVKitsuseJIThe educational decision-makers1963IndianapolisBobbs-Merrill
- CookTDCampbellDTQuasi-experimentation: Design and analysis issues for field settings1979ChicagoRand McNally
- CusickPAInside high school: The student’s world1973New YorkHolt, Rinehart, & Winston
- DeanJPEichhornRDeanLRDobyJTFruitful informants for intensive interviewingAn introduction to social research19672nd edNew YorkMeredith
- DenzinNKThe research act: A theoretical introduction to sociological methods19782nd edNew YorkMcGraw-Hill
- EddyEMBecoming a teacher: The passage to professional status1969New YorkTeachers College Press
- ElkinsSMSlavery: A problem in American institutional and intellectual life1959New YorkGrosset & Dunlap
- EriksonEHObservations on the Yurok: Childhood and world imagePublications in American Archaeology and Ethnology19433510IVII257302
- Evans-PritchardEESocial anthropology: Past and presentEssays in social anthropology1962New YorkFree Press
- FilsteadWJCookTDReichardtCSQualitative methods: A needed perspective in evaluation researchQualitative and quantitative methods in evaluation research1979Beverly Hills, CalifSage
- FlandersNAAnalyzing teacher behavior1970Reading, MassAddison-Wesley
- FuchsEPickets at the gate1966New YorkFree Press
- FuchsETeachers talk: Views from inside city schools1969New YorkAnchor
- FurlongVStubbsMDelamontSInteraction sets in the classroom: Towards a study of pupil knowledgeExplorations in classroom observations1976LondonWiley
- GearingFOOverview: A cultural theory of educationAnthropology and Education Quarterly19756219
- GlaserBGStraussAThe discovery of grounded theory: Strategies for qualitative research1967ChicagoAldine
- GoetzJPConfigurations in control and autonomy: A microethnography of a rural third-grade classroom (Doctoral dissertation, Indiana University, 1975)Dissertation Abstracts International1976366175A(University Microfilms No. 76-6275)
- GoetzJPSieberRTGordonAJSex-role systems in Rose Elementary School: Change and tradition in the rural-transitional SouthChildren and their organizations: Investigations in American culture1981BostonG. K. Hall
- HammondDJablowAWomen in cultures of the world1976Menlo Park, CalifCummings
- HarrisMCulture, man and nature1971New YorkCrowell
- HilgarMIField guide to the ethnological study of child life19662nd edNew Haven, ConnHuman Relations Area Files Press
- HostetlerJAHuntingtonGEChildren in Amish society: Socialization and community education1971New YorkHolt, Rinehart, & Winston
- HowardALearning to be Rotuman: Enculturation in the South Pacific1970New YorkTeachers College Press
- JocanoFLGrowing up in a Philippine barrio1969New YorkHolt, Rinehart, & Winston
- KaplanDMannersRACulture theory1972Englewood Cliffs, N.JPrentice-Hall
- KingRAThe school at Mopass: A problem of identity1967New YorkHolt, Rinehart, & Winston
- LeCompteMDGoetzJPEthnographic data collection in evaluation researchEducational Evaluation and Policy Analysisin press
- LintonRThe cultural background of personality1945New YorkAppleton-Century-Crofts
- McCallGJMcCallGJSimmonsJLData quality control in participant observationIssues in participant observation: A text and reader1969Reading, MassAddison-Wesley
- MeadMNew lives for old: Cultural transformations—Manus, 1929–19531956New YorkMorrow
- ModianoNIndian education in the Chiapus highlands1973New YorkHolt, Rinehart, & Winston
- MooreALife cycles in Atchálan: The diverse careers of certain Guatemalans1973New YorkTeachers College Press
- NarollRData quality control: A new research technique1962New YorkFree Press
- PattonMQQualitative evaluation methods1980Beverly Hills, CalifSage
- PaulmeDWomen of tropical Africa1963BerkeleyUniversity of California Press
- PeshkinAGrowing up American: Schooling and the survival of community1978ChicagoUniversity of Chicago Press
- PhillipsDLKnowledge from what? Theories and methods in social research1971ChicagoRand McNally
- PowdermakerHStranger and friend1966New YorkNorton
- RedfieldRTepoztlan—A Mexican village1930ChicagoUniversity of Chicago Press
- ReiterRRToward an anthropology of women1975New YorkMonthly Review Press
- RynkiewichMASpradleyJPEthics and anthropology: Dilemmas in fieldwork1976New YorkWiley
- SchatzmanLStraussAField research: Strategies for a natural sociology1973Englewood Cliffs, N.JPrentice-Hall
- 10.1177/016146817207300505 · DOI
- ScrivenMPophamJWEvaluation perspectives and proceduresEvaluation in education: Current applications1974Berkeley, CalifMcCutchan
- SieberRTMesserschmidtDAMany roles, many faces: Researching school-community relations in a heterogeneous American urban communityAnthropologists at home: Toward an anthropology of issues in AmericaNew YorkCambridge University Pressin press
- SmithLMBrockJAM“Go, bug go!”: Methodological issues in classroom observational research1970St. LouisCentral Midwestern Regional Educational Laboratory
- SmithLMKeithPMAnatomy of educational innovation: An organizational analysis of an elementary school1971New YorkWiley
- SpindlerGDBurgbach: Urbanization and identity in a German village1973New YorkHolt, Rinehart, & Winston
- SpradleyJPParticipant observation1980New YorkHolt, Rinehart, & Winston
- SpradleyJPMcCurdyDWThe cultural experience: Ethnography in complex society1972ChicagoScience Research Associates
- StakeRECase studies in science education19782Washington, D.CU.S. Government Printing Office(ERIC Document Reproduction Service Nos. ED 166 058 & ED 166 059.)
- TikunoffWJBerlinerDRistRCSpecial study A: An ethnographic study of 40 classrooms of the BTES known sample1975San FranciscoFar West Laboratory for Educational Development(ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED 150 110)
- Van GennepAThe rites of passage1960ChicagoUniversity of Chicago Press
- WardMCThem children: A study of language learning1971New YorkHolt, Rinehart, & Winston
- WarrenRLEducation in Rebhausen: A German village1967New YorkHolt, Rinehart, & Winston
- WaxMLWhen schools are desegregated: Problems and possibilities for students, educators and the communityNew Brunswick, N.JTransaction Booksin press
- WaxRHDoing fieldwork: Warnings and advice1971ChicagoUniversity of Chicago Press
- WebbEJCampbellDTSchwartzRDSechrestLUnobtrusive measures: Nonreactive research in the social sciences1966ChicagoRand McNally
- WhitingBBSix cultures: Studies of child rearing1963New YorkWiley
- WhitingJWMChildILLambertWWField guide for a study of socialization1966Huntington, N.YKrieger
- WilliamsTRField methods in the study of culture1967New YorkHolt, Rinehart, & Winston
- WolcottHFA Kwakiutl village and school1967New YorkHolt, Rinehart, & Winston
- WolcottHFWaxMLDiamondSGearingFOHandle with care: Necessary precautions in the anthropology of schoolsAnthropological perspectives on education1971New YorkBasic Books
- WolcottHFSpindlerGDThe teacher as an enemyEducation and cultural process: Toward an anthropology of education1974New YorkHolt, Rinehart, & Winston
- WolcottHFTeachers versus technocrats: An educational innovation in anthropological perspective1977Eugene, OreCenter for Educational Policy and Management, University of Oregon
- WylieLVillage in the Vaucluse19743rd edCambridge, MassHarvard University Press
- ZnanieckiFThe method of sociology1934New YorkFarrar & Rinehart
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 501–600 of 1,000
Maiello, A., Christovão, A. C., Britto, A. L., & Frey, M. (2012) · Local Environment · doi:10.1080/13549839.2012.729566 · Cited by 18
The Transition from Seasonal Worker to Permanent Resident
Ooi, N., Mair, J., & Laing, J. (2014) · Journal of Travel Research · doi:10.1177/0047287514546226 · Cited by 12
Körhasan, N. D., Eryılmaz, A., & Erkoç, Ş. (2015) · European Journal of Physics · doi:10.1088/0143-0807/37/1/015701 · Cited by 12
Meeting the Needs of Vulnerable Young Men: A Study of Service Provider Views
Campbell, J., Rondón‐Sulbarán, J., Galway, K., & Leavey, G. (2011) · Children & Society · doi:10.1111/j.1099-0860.2011.00372.x · Cited by 14
Role misconceptions and negotiations in small business owner/web developer relationships
Carey, J. (2008) · Journal of Management & Organization · doi:10.1017/s1833367200003497 · Cited by 12
Deliligka, S., Bekiari, A., & Syrmpas, I. (2017) · Psychology · doi:10.4236/psych.2017.811112 · Cited by 12
YILDIZ, V. A., & KILIÇ, D. (2021) · Turkish Journal of Education · doi:10.19128/turje.832203 · Cited by 23
ON PARADIGM SHIFT IN READING/LITERACY RESEARCH
Fang, Z. (1995) · Reading Psychology · doi:10.1080/0270271950160204 · Cited by 12
Developing the concept of linear function: one student’s experiences with dynamic physical models
Hines, E. (2001) · The Journal of Mathematical Behavior · doi:10.1016/s0732-3123(02)00074-3 · Cited by 12
Online Matrimonial Sites and the Transformation of Arranged Marriage in India
Seth, N., & Patnayakuni, R. (2011) · Advances in social networking and online communities book series · doi:10.4018/978-1-60960-759-3.ch016 · Cited by 12
The Evaluator/Researcher as Person vs. The Person as Evaluator/Researcher
Smith, J. K. (1988) · Educational Researcher · doi:10.2307/1174584 · Cited by 12
AL-Dossary, S. A. (2008) · Stirling Online Research Repository (University of Stirling) · doi:10.13140/rg.2.2.10861.31204 · Cited by 12
Saunders, C., & Caves, R. (1986) · Journal of Further and Higher Education · doi:10.1080/0309877860100205 · Cited by 12
The Adoption of Agricultural Innovations
Kaine, G., Wright, V. E., & Cooksey, R. (2008) · RUNE (Research UNE) · Cited by 12
Lelissa, T. B. (2017) · Unisa Institutional Repository (University of South Africa) · doi:10.13140/rg.2.2.22306.48326 · Cited by 15
Ingroups and Outgroups in Complaints: Exploring Politic Behaviour in Nurses’ Discourse
Lazzaro-Salazar, M. V. (2017) · Logos Revista de Lingüística Filosofía y Literatura · doi:10.15443/rl2725 · Cited by 11
Greener, J. (2019) · Critical Criminology · doi:10.1007/s10612-019-09467-3 · Cited by 11
Türkiye’de Deprem Eğitimi: Fen Bilimleri Ders Kitaplarının Deprem Eğitimine Yönelik Analizi
İÇME, T., & Büyük, U. (2023) · MANAS Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi · doi:10.33206/mjss.1259183 · Cited by 11
Constructing Historical Profiles with Digital Natives.
Waring, S. M., & Bentley, C. C. (2012) · Contemporary issues in technology and teacher education · Cited by 11
Sexual Self-Schemas of Bisexual Men
Elder, W. B., Morrow, S. L., & Brooks, G. R. (2015) · The Counseling Psychologist · doi:10.1177/0011000015608242 · Cited by 11
Yakhlef, S., Bašić, G., & Åkerström, M. (2017) · Journal of Applied Security Research · doi:10.1080/19361610.2017.1228422 · Cited by 11
Papageorgiou, E., Digelidis, N. M., Syrmpas, I., & Papaioannou, A. G. (2021) · Physical Culture and Sport Studies and Research · doi:10.2478/pcssr-2021-0016 · Cited by 11
Uriarte‐Gallastegi, N., Landeta‐Manzano, B., Landín, G. A., & Laskurain‐Iturbe, I. (2022) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su142013437 · Cited by 14
Baillie, J., Lankshear, A. J., & Featherstone, K. (2011) · Journal of Advanced Nursing · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2648.2011.05907.x · Cited by 11
Civic Environmental Stewardship as a Form of Governance in New York City
Svendsen, E. S. (2010) · Cited by 11
7th Grade Students’ Mathematical Difficulties in Force and Motion Unit
Cebesoy, Ü. B., & Tekerek, B. (2016) · Turkish Journal of Education · doi:10.19128/turje.06150 · Cited by 11
Health literacy training for Australian home care workers: Enablers and barriers
Palesy, D., & Jakimowicz, S. (2019) · Home Health Care Services Quarterly · doi:10.1080/01621424.2019.1604458 · Cited by 11
Bravo‐Moreno, A. (2019) · SAGE Open · doi:10.1177/2158244019898258 · Cited by 13
Bisexuality, Bad Girls, and Bullying
Woolley, S. W. (2020) · Journal of Bisexuality · doi:10.1080/15299716.2020.1711840 · Cited by 11
Lingard, H. C., & Oswald, D. (2020) · Journal of Construction Engineering and Management · doi:10.1061/(asce)co.1943-7862.0001799 · Cited by 11
HR practices and counterproductive behaviors: a meta-ethnographic study
Shaffer, J. A., & Darnold, T. C. (2020) · Journal of Managerial Psychology · doi:10.1108/jmp-02-2020-0062 · Cited by 11
Meanings Adult Daughters Attach to a Parent's Death
Kerr, R. B., Ross, H. M., & Cowles, K. V. (1994) · Western Journal of Nursing Research · doi:10.1177/019394599401600402 · Cited by 11
“That day no one spoke” : Florida Puerto Ricans’ Reaction to Hurricane María
Rosario, C. C., Abreu, R. L., Gonzalez, K. A., & Bautista, E. C. (2020) · The Counseling Psychologist · doi:10.1177/0011000019899382 · Cited by 11
DEFINING REALITY: APPLYING DOUBLE DESCRIPTION AND CHAOS THEORY TO THE PRACTICE OF PRACTICE
LeCompte, M. D. (1994) · Educational Theory · doi:10.1111/j.1741-5446.1994.00277.x · Cited by 11
Self-citationATTRIBUTION AS EFFECT: AN OUTSIDER PRINCIPAL'S SUCCESSION
Hart, A. W. (1988) · Journal of Educational Administration · doi:10.1108/eb009955 · Cited by 11
Just What is Qualitative Research? One Practitioner's Experience
Morse, M. T. (1994) · Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness · doi:10.1177/0145482x9408800107 · Cited by 11
Pittman, S. I. (1985) · The Elementary School Journal · doi:10.1086/461420 · Cited by 11
Marouchou, D. V. (2008) · Nottingham ePrints (University of Nottingham) · Cited by 11
Reilly, L. (2007) · UWA Profiles and Research Repository (UWA) · Cited by 12
EXAMINING CHANGE IN PERCEPTIONS OF SCIENCE TEACHERS ABOUT E-STEM
Aydoğdu, B., Kasapoğlu, K., Duban, N. Y., Ay, T. S., & Özdinç, F. (2020) · Journal of Baltic Science Education · doi:10.33225/jbse/20.19.696 · Cited by 10
Financing major repairs in apartment buildings through infill development
Puustinen, T., Pennanen, K., Falkenbach, H., Arvola, A., & Viitanen, K. (2017) · Property Management · doi:10.1108/pm-08-2016-0045 · Cited by 10
Favouritism: Exploring the ‘uncontrolled’ spaces of the leadership experience
Palermo, O. A., Carnaz, A. C., & Duarte, H. (2018) · Leadership · doi:10.1177/1742715017749190 · Cited by 11
Banaji, S., Mejias, S., & Vélez, B. D. L. P. (2018) · Sociální studia / Social Studies · doi:10.5817/soc2018-2-97 · Cited by 10
Taking Sides With Swedish Protesters: Gaining and Maintaining Trust in the Field
Vestergren, S., & Drury, J. (2020) · Peace psychology book series · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-44113-5_9 · Cited by 10
Utility of Focus Groups in Retrospective Analysis of Conflict Contexts
Yaylacı, Ş. (2020) · International Journal of Qualitative Methods · doi:10.1177/1609406920922735 · Cited by 10
ADIGÜZEL, M., & Yılmaz, M. (2020) · Eğitimde Kuram ve Uygulama · doi:10.17244/eku.691760 · Cited by 11
KILIÇ, M. Y., & Yavuz, M. (2021) · Cukurova University Faculty of Education Journal · doi:10.14812/cuefd.863251 · Cited by 11
Ben-Saed, M., & Pilbeam, C. J. (2022) · Journal of Safety Research · doi:10.1016/j.jsr.2022.03.003 · Cited by 10
Koho, M. (2010) · Cited by 10
Phillips, T. E., & de Wet, J. P. (2017) · Evaluation · doi:10.1177/1356389016682777 · Cited by 10
A Qualitative Method Proposal for the Study of Strategy as Practice
Santos, L. L. D. S., Tureta, C., & Félix, B. (2020) · Revista de Administração Contemporânea · doi:10.1590/1982-7849rac2021190353.en · Cited by 10
In Living Color: Qualitative Methods in Educational Evaluation
Mabry, L. (2003) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-94-010-0309-4_12 · Cited by 11
Antón, M. (1996) · Foreign Language Annals · doi:10.1111/j.1944-9720.1996.tb01266.x · Cited by 10
Adults with an Intellectual Disability: Australian Practitioners' Perspectives
Llewellyn, G. M. (1991) · The Occupational Therapy Journal of Research · doi:10.1177/153944929101100601 · Cited by 10
Consistency of Findings Produced by Two Multidisciplinary Research Teams
Gladney, A. P., Ayars, C. L., Taylor, W. C., Liehr, P. R., & Meininger, J. C. (2003) · Sociology · doi:10.1177/0038038503037002005 · Cited by 10
Critical Success Factors of international Sport Events from the Perspective of Project Management
Rofner, A. (2009) · KTH Publication Database DiVA (KTH Royal Institute of Technology) · Cited by 9
EISENHART, M. A. (1995) · Educational Researcher · doi:10.3102/0013189x024009032 · Cited by 11
Behavioral software engineering - guidelines for qualitative studiesPreprint
Lenberg, P., FELDT, R. H., Wallgren, L. G., Tidefors, I., & Graziotin, D. (2017) · arXiv (Cornell University) · Cited by 11
Facebook groups for people who stutter: An extension of and supplement to in-person support groups
Raj, E. X., Daniels, D. E., & Thomson, P. E. (2023) · Journal of Communication Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jcomdis.2022.106295 · Cited by 9
Gula, Z., & Jojo, Z. M. M. (2024) · African Journal of Research in Mathematics Science and Technology Education · doi:10.1080/18117295.2024.2424696 · Cited by 9
Karhapää, A., Pöysä‐Tarhonen, J., Rikala, J., & Hämäläinen, R. (2025) · Journal of Organizational Ethnography · doi:10.1108/joe-11-2024-0085 · Cited by 9
Magnoni, A. F., & Affini, L. P. (2014) · Americanae (AECID Library) · Cited by 9
Hermans, C. (2018) · Journal of Dance Education · doi:10.1080/15290824.2018.1422254 · Cited by 9
Régulation de l'opposition et mixité au sein d'une école d'arts martiaux
Lenzen, B., Dejardin, R., & Cloes, M. (2004) · Staps · doi:10.3917/sta.066.0099 · Cited by 9
Learning Characteristics of Field-Dependent Children Within an Analytical Concept-Based Curriculum
Ennis, C. D., & Chepyator-Thomson, J. R. (1991) · Journal of Teaching in Physical Education · doi:10.1123/jtpe.10.2.170 · Cited by 9
The New Agent: A Qualitative Study to Strategically Adapt New Agent Professional Development
Baker, L. M., & Hadley, G. (2014) · Journal of Extension · doi:10.34068/joe.52.05.10 · Cited by 9
Multi-method Systematic Observation: Theory and Practice
Marroun, S., & Young, L. C. (2017) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-10-5008-4_9 · Cited by 10
Lived experiences about car sharing in young adults: Emerging paradoxes
Magnani, G., & Re, B. (2020) · Italian Journal of Marketing · doi:10.1007/s43039-020-00009-2 · Cited by 9
Examining the Strengths and Limitations of Ethnographic Research
Howard, N.-J. (2021) · International Journal of Asian Education · doi:10.46966/ijae.v2i4.238 · Cited by 9
Development of 21st century skills during preschool period: A phenomenological study in Trkiye
Çetingöz, D. (2023) · International Journal of Educational Administration and Policy Studies · doi:10.5897/ijeaps2023.0755 · Cited by 9
Wester, K. L., MacDonald, C. A., & Lewis, T. F. (2008) · Journal of Addictions & Offender Counseling · doi:10.1002/j.2161-1874.2008.tb00036.x · Cited by 10
Alemdar, M. Y., & Köker, N. (2013) · Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences · doi:10.5901/mjss.2013.v4n11p238 · Cited by 11
Static and Dynamic User Portraits
Huang, K.-H., Deng, Y.-S., & Chuang, M. (2012) · Advances in Human-Computer Interaction · doi:10.1155/2012/123725 · Cited by 9
Views on Sex and Sex Education Among Gang-Involved Latino Youth in the United States
Kassab, V. A., Acevedo-Polakovich, I. D., Grzybowski, M. M., Stout, S., Richards, A. E., Barnett, M. L., Guerra-Morales, A., Bell, K. M., Crider, E. A., Beck, K. L., et al. (2014) · Qualitative Health Research · doi:10.1177/1049732314529188 · Cited by 9
Redman, D. (2008) · Journal of Social Work Practice in the Addictions · doi:10.1080/15332560802323956 · Cited by 9
Clemens, R. F. (2016) · The Qualitative Report · doi:10.46743/2160-3715/2016.2573 · Cited by 10
Social work intervention in adolescent-to-parent abuse
Messiah, A. P., & Johnson, E. J. (2017) · Journal of Human Behavior in the Social Environment · doi:10.1080/10911359.2016.1270868 · Cited by 9
Dhattiwala, R. (2017) · Contemporary South Asia · doi:10.1080/09584935.2017.1297385 · Cited by 9
Guidelines for Qualitative Research in Organization Studies: Controversy and Possibilities
Cavalcanti, M. F. R. (2017) · Administração Ensino e Pesquisa · doi:10.13058/raep.2017.v18n3.522 · Cited by 9
Customer is king: promoting port policing, supporting hypercommercialism
Eski, Y. (2019) · Policing & Society · doi:10.1080/10439463.2019.1606808 · Cited by 9
Uslu, Ö. (2017) · Educational Sciences Theory & Practice · doi:10.12738/estp.2017.6.0116 · Cited by 9
Labbo, L. D. (1996) · Journal of Literacy Research · doi:10.1080/10862969609547932 · Cited by 9
O’Donoghue, T., & Dimmock, C. (1997) · Educational Management & Administration · doi:10.1177/0263211x97251004 · Cited by 9
The Social Integration of Supported Employees: A Qualitative Study.
Hagner, D. C. (1989) · Cited by 9
Barriers to parent involvement in rural communities in North West Province
Kgaffe, M. M. (2001) · Unisa Institutional Repository (University of South Africa) · Cited by 9
Quality in subtitling: theory and professional reality
Kuo, S.-Y. (2014) · Spiral (Imperial College London) · doi:10.25560/24171 · Cited by 9
Redesigning the principalship in Catholic schools
Cannon, H. (2004) · Research Bank (Australian Catholic University) · doi:10.4226/66/5a8f968e0f3f7 · Cited by 9
Crompton, A. (2017) · TSpace (University of Toronto) · Cited by 9
Living nursing values: A collective case study
Rook, M. (2017) · Open Access Victoria University of Wellington | Te Herenga Waka (Figshare) · doi:10.26686/wgtn.17060207 · Cited by 7
Investigating nurses' professional identity construction in two health settings in New Zealand
Lazzaro-Salazar, M. V. (2013) · Open Access Victoria University of Wellington | Te Herenga Waka (Figshare) · doi:10.26686/wgtn.17146484 · Cited by 9
Charting the Constellation of Science Reform
Field, S. M. (2022) · Liberate Science GmbH eBooks · doi:10.53962/meeb-2ktd · Cited by 11
Case studies in human information behaviour in smart urban spaces
Kukka, H. (2012) · Cited by 8
Exploring visitor experience at a mountain attraction
Milman, A., & Zehrer, A. (2017) · Journal Of Vacation Marketing · doi:10.1177/1356766717691805 · Cited by 8
Exploring Incongruence in Mentoring Dyads in Indian Firms: The Protégé Perspective
Kumar, P. (2018) · South Asian Journal of Human Resources Management · doi:10.1177/2322093718792726 · Cited by 8
Mandelid, M. B., Thurston, M. N., Reinboth, M. S., Resaland, G. K., & Tjomsland, H. E. (2023) · Teaching and Teacher Education · doi:10.1016/j.tate.2023.104297 · Cited by 12
Research Practices in Public Relations Organizations in the United Arab Emirates
Al-Jenaibi, B. N. (2014) · International Journal of Customer Relationship Marketing and Management · doi:10.4018/ijcrmm.2014070102 · Cited by 9
Lisansüstü Öğrencilerinin Eş Seçimini Etkileyen ve Sınırlandıran Görüş ve İnançları
Aydın, G. S., & Demir, A. (2017) · Ege Eğitim Dergisi · doi:10.12984/egeefd.322401 · Cited by 8
Big Bangs and Small Pops: On Critical Cyclomatic Complexity and Developer Integration Behavior
Ståhl, D., Martini, A., & Mårtensson, T. (2019) · IEEE/ACM International Conference on Software Engineering: Software Engineering in Practice (ICSE-SEIP) · doi:10.1109/icse-seip.2019.00017 · Cited by 8
Preserving quantifiable ethnographic records of disappearing human lifeways
Kraft, T. S., Venkataraman, V. V., Endicott, K. L., & Endicott, K. M. (2020) · Evolutionary Anthropology Issues News and Reviews · doi:10.1002/evan.21835 · Cited by 9
Institutional Strategies in the Ridesharing Economy: A Content Analysis Based on Uber’s Example
Distelmans, M. P. D., & Scheerlinck, I. (2021) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su13148037 · Cited by 8
Metadata
- Authors
- LeCompte, M. D., & Goetz, J. P.
- Affiliations
- Houston Independent School District (US)
- University of Georgia (US)
- Venue
- Review of Educational Research
- Published
- 1982-03
- Volume
- 52
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 31-60
- ISSN
- 0034-6543 (ISSN-L)
- 1935-1046
- OpenAlex
- W2103880672
- Semantic Scholar
- 7253c6cd672281576a96db1037f135ce3e78fe41
- Cited by
- 1,740
- References
- 148
- Citations by year
- 2026: 35 · 2025: 48 · 2024: 53 · 2023: 62 · 2022: 76 · 2021: 70 · 2020: 81 · 2019: 90 · 2018: 64 · 2017: 86 · 2016: 77 · 2015: 98 · 2014: 99 · 2013: 73 · 2012: 74
- FWCI
- 52.08
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Review of Educational Research (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Qualitative Research Methods and Ethics
- Social Sciences › Education › Educational Research and Methods
- Social Sciences › Education › Qualitative Research Methods and Applications
- Keywords
- reliability statistics, validity, ethnography, research credibility, contamination, ethnography of education, research design, data collection, data analysis
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review