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Problems of Reliability and Validity in Ethnographic Research
Abstract
Although problems of reliability and validity have been explored thoroughly by experimenters and other quantitative researchers, their treatment by ethnographers has been sporadic and haphazard. This article analyzes these constructs as defined and addressed by ethnographers. Issues of reliability and validity in ethnographic design are compared to their counterparts in experimental design. Threats to the credibility of ethnographic research are summarized and categorized from field study methodology. Strategies intended to enhance credibility are incorporated throughout the investigative process: study design, data collection, data analysis, and presentation of findings. Common approaches to resolving various categories of contamination are illustrated from the current literature in educational ethnography.
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“As for ethnographic studies [58-61], this work addresses the research criteria of validity by proposing a thing ethnography methodology that acknowledges the animistic nature of GenAI tools. This approach considers the access to their perspectives and reaches consistent interpretations when comparing interview results with the existing body of literature.”
From Using Generative Artificial Intelligence Tools to Explain and Enhance Experiential Learning for Authentic Assessment (2024) · cites this paper as [58]
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Metadata
- Authors
- LeCompte, M. D., & Goetz, J. P.
- Affiliations
- Houston Independent School District (US)
- University of Georgia (US)
- Venue
- Review of Educational Research
- Published
- 1982-03
- Volume
- 52
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 31-60
- ISSN
- 0034-6543 (ISSN-L)
- 1935-1046
- OpenAlex
- W2103880672
- Semantic Scholar
- 7253c6cd672281576a96db1037f135ce3e78fe41
- Cited by
- 1,740
- References
- 148
- Citations by year
- 2026: 35 · 2025: 48 · 2024: 53 · 2023: 62 · 2022: 76 · 2021: 70 · 2020: 81 · 2019: 90 · 2018: 64 · 2017: 86 · 2016: 77 · 2015: 98 · 2014: 99 · 2013: 73 · 2012: 74
- FWCI
- 52.08
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Review of Educational Research (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Qualitative Research Methods and Ethics
- Social Sciences › Education › Educational Research and Methods
- Social Sciences › Education › Qualitative Research Methods and Applications
- Keywords
- reliability statistics, validity, ethnography, research credibility, contamination, ethnography of education, research design, data collection, data analysis
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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