Cited by 579Youth Development and Social SupportGlobal Educational Reforms and InequalitiesNon-Formal Education and Adult Literacy

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Out-of-School-Time Programs: A Meta-Analysis of Effects for At-Risk Students

Lauer, Patricia A., Akiba, Motoko, Wilkerson, Stephanie B., Apthorp, Helen S., Snow, David, Martin-Glenn, Mya L.·2006·Review of Educational Research

DOI 10.3102/00346543076002275

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Abstract

Schools and districts are adopting out-of-school-time (OST) programs such as after-school programs and summer schools to supplement the education of low-achieving students. However, research has painted a mixed picture of their effectiveness. To clarify OST impacts, this synthesis examined research on OST programs for assisting at-risk students in reading and/or mathematics. Researchers analyzed 35 OST studies that employed control or comparison groups and met other inclusion criteria. Meta-analyses indicated small but statistically significant positive effects of OST on both reading and mathematics student achievement and larger positive effect sizes for programs with specific characteristics such as tutoring in reading. Whether the OST program took place after school or during the summer did not make a difference in effectiveness.

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Authors: Lauer, P. A., Akiba, M., Wilkerson, S. B., Apthorp, H. S., Snow, D., & Martin-Glenn, M. L.
Affiliations: Rocky Mountain Center for Health Promotion and Education
University of Missouri (US)
Magnolia Consulting, LLC (United States) (US)
McREL International (US)
Billings Public Schools
ORCID: Akiba, Motoko
Venue: Review of Educational Research
Publisher: American Educational Research Association (AERA)
Published: 2006-06
Volume: 76
Issue: 2
Pages: 275-313
ISSN: 0034-6543 (ISSN-L)
1935-1046
DOI: 10.3102/00346543076002275
OpenAlex: W2097969677
Cited by: 579
References: 52
Citations by year: 2026: 12 · 2025: 21 · 2024: 21 · 2023: 19 · 2022: 24 · 2021: 27 · 2020: 34 · 2019: 30 · 2018: 28 · 2017: 44 · 2016: 35 · 2015: 45 · 2014: 43 · 2013: 37 · 2012: 34
FWCI: 6.42
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: journals.sagepub.com/page/policies/text-and-data-mining-license (tdm)
Locations: Review of Educational Research (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Youth Development and Social Support
Social Sciences › Education › Global Educational Reforms and Inequalities
Social Sciences › Education › Non-Formal Education and Adult Literacy
Keywords: out-of-school time programs, after-school programs, summer school, at-risk students, low-achieving students, reading achievement, mathematics achievement, program effectiveness

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Out-of-School-Time Programs: A Meta-Analysis of Effects for At-Risk Students

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