Cited by 1,132Neurobiology of Language and BilingualismLanguage Development and DisordersMultilingual Education and Policy

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A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Cognitive Correlates of Bilingualism

Adesope, Olusola O., Lavin, Tracy, Thompson, Terri, Ungerleider, Charles·2010·Review of Educational Research

DOI 10.3102/0034654310368803

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Abstract

A number of studies have documented the cognitive outcomes associated with bilingualism. To gain a clear understanding of the extent and diversity of these cognitive outcomes, the authors conducted a meta-analysis of studies that examined the cognitive correlates of bilingualism. Data from 63 studies (involving 6,022 participants) were extracted and analyzed following established protocols and procedures for conducting systematic reviews and guidelines for meta-analysis. Results indicate that bilingualism is reliably associated with several cognitive outcomes, including increased attentional control, working memory, metalinguistic awareness, and abstract and symbolic representation skills. Overall mean effect sizes varied from small to large, depending on the cognitive outcomes measured, and were moderated by methodological features of the studies.

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Authors: Adesope, O. O., Lavin, T., Thompson, T., & Ungerleider, C.
Affiliations: Washington State University (US)
Directions Evidence and Policy Research Group
University of British Columbia (CA)
ORCID: Adesope, Olusola O.
Venue: Review of Educational Research
Publisher: American Educational Research Association (AERA)
Published: 2010-06
Volume: 80
Issue: 2
Pages: 207-245
ISSN: 0034-6543 (ISSN-L)
1935-1046
DOI: 10.3102/0034654310368803
OpenAlex: W2112507528
Cited by: 1,132
References: 129
Citations by year: 2026: 47 · 2025: 68 · 2024: 70 · 2023: 63 · 2022: 81 · 2021: 101 · 2020: 109 · 2019: 119 · 2018: 76 · 2017: 74 · 2016: 101 · 2015: 88 · 2014: 56 · 2013: 34 · 2012: 24
FWCI: 1.78
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: journals.sagepub.com/page/policies/text-and-data-mining-license (tdm)
Locations: Review of Educational Research (publishedVersion)
Topics: Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neurobiology of Language and Bilingualism
Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Language Development and Disorders
Social Sciences › Linguistics and Language › Multilingual Education and Policy
Keywords: bilingualism, cognitive correlates, attentional control, working memory, metalinguistic awareness, cognitive benefits of bilingualism, effect size

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A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Cognitive Correlates of Bilingualism

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