A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Cognitive Correlates of Bilingualism

Quantifying heterogeneity in a meta‐analysis

Higgins, J. P. T., & Thompson, S. G. (2002) · Statistics in Medicine · doi:10.1002/sim.1186 · Cited by 36,763

Introduction to Meta‐Analysis

Borenstein, M., Hedges, L. V., Higgins, J. P. T., & Rothstein, H. R. (2009) · doi:10.1002/9780470743386 · Cited by 14,225

From dissertation abstracts international

(1974) · ACM SIGGRAPH Computer Graphics · doi:10.1145/988616.988619 · Cited by 12,208

Book Reviews: Statistical Methods for Meta-Analysis Larry V. Hedges and Ingram Olkin New York: Academic Press, 1985. xxii + 369 pp

Wasserman, S. S., Hedges, L. V., & Olkin, I. (1988) · Journal of Educational Statistics · doi:10.2307/1164953 · Cited by 10,377

Introduction to Meta‐Analysis

Borenstein, M., Hedges, L. V., Higgins, J. P. T., & Rothstein, H. R. (2021) · doi:10.1002/9781119558378 · Cited by 9,799

Untitled work

(2000) · Cited by 9,198

The file drawer problem and tolerance for null results.

Rosenthal, R. (1979) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.86.3.638 · Cited by 9,068

Distribution Theory for Glass's Estimator of Effect Size and Related Estimators

Hedges, L. V. (1981) · Journal of Educational Statistics · doi:10.2307/1164588 · Cited by 5,695

Assessing heterogeneity in meta-analysis: Q statistic or I² index?

Huedo-Medina, T. B., Sánchez-Meca, J., Marín-Martínez, F., & Botella, J. (2006) · Psychological Methods · doi:10.1037/1082-989x.11.2.193 · Cited by 4,256

A capacity theory of comprehension: individual differences in working memory

Just, M. A., & Carpenter, P. A. (1992) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.99.1.122 · Cited by 4,153

A META-ANALYSIS OF SENSITIVITY TO GRAMMATICAL INFORMATION DURING SELF-PACED READING: TOWARDS A FRAMEWORK OF REFERENCE FOR READING TIME EFFECT SIZES

Avery, N. C., & Marsden, E. J. (2019) · Studies in Second Language Acquisition · doi:10.1017/s0272263119000196 · Cited by 31

Multilingualism: An African advantage. A paradigm shift in African languages of instruction policies

Abadzi, H. (2011) · International Review of Education · doi:10.1007/s11159-011-9230-z · Cited by 25

Executive control processes in verbal and nonverbal working memory

Sullivan, M. D., Prescott, Y., Goldberg, D., & Bialystok, E. (2016) · Linguistic Approaches to Bilingualism · doi:10.1075/lab.15056.sul · Cited by 24

Novel Word Learning in Children Who Are Bilingual: Comparison to Monolingual Peers

Alt, M., Arizmendi, G. D., Gray, S. I., Hogan, T. P., Green, S., & Cowan, N. (2019) · Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research · doi:10.1044/2019_jslhr-l-18-0009 · Cited by 24

No Bilingual Benefits Despite Relations Between Language Switching and Task Switching

Timmermeister, M., Leseman, P. P. M., Wijnen, F. N. K., & Blom, E. (2020) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01832 · Cited by 26

Links between language and executive functions in Swedish preschool children: A pilot study

Tonér, S., & Gerholm, T. N. (2020) · Applied Psycholinguistics · doi:10.1017/s0142716420000703 · Cited by 29

What Is a Language? Who Is Bilingual? Perceptions Underlying Self-Assessment in Studies of Bilingualism

Wagner, D., Bialystok, E., & Grundy, J. G. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.863991 · Cited by 24

73% of the observed bilingual (dis)advantageous effects on cognition stem from sociolinguistic factors: A systematic review

Masullo, C., Dentella, V., & Leivada, E. (2023) · Bilingualism Language and Cognition · doi:10.1017/s1366728923000664 · Cited by 25

Balanced bilingualism and executive functioning in children

Weber, R. C., JOHNSON, A., Riccio, C. A., & Liew, J. (2015) · Bilingualism Language and Cognition · doi:10.1017/s1366728915000553 · Cited by 24

Bilingualism and language similarity modify the neural mechanisms of selective attention

Olguin, A., Cekic, M., Bekinschtein, T. A., Katsos, N., & Božić, M. (2019) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-019-44782-3 · Cited by 35

For the Love of Language: An Introduction to Linguistics

Burridge, K., & Stebbins, T. N. (2015) · Cited by 23

Thinking in a Non-native Language: A New Nudge?

McFarlane, S., Perez, H. C., & Weissglass, C. (2020) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2020.549083 · Cited by 26

Extending the scope of the ‘cognitive advantage’ hypothesis: multilingual individuals show higher flexibility of goal adjustment

Greve, W., Koch, M. J., Rasche, V., & Kersten, K. (2021) · Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development · doi:10.1080/01434632.2021.1922420 · Cited by 28

Effects of metalinguistic awareness on Chinese as a second language spelling through the mediation of reading and copying

Wong, Y. K., & Zhou, Y. (2021) · Reading and Writing · doi:10.1007/s11145-021-10167-0 · Cited by 23

Bilingual advantages in executive functioning: Evidence from a low-income sample

Grote, K., Scott, R. M., & Gilger, J. W. (2021) · First Language · doi:10.1177/01427237211024220 · Cited by 32

Cognitive Advantages of Multilingual Learning on Metalinguistic Awareness, Working Memory and L1 Lexicon Size: Reconceptualization of Linguistic Giftedness from a DMM Perspective

Dolas, F., Jessner, U., & Cedden, G. (2022) · Journal of Cognition · doi:10.5334/joc.201 · Cited by 23

Trajectories of socioeconomic inequality in early child development: a cohort analysis

Houweling, T. A. J., Groeniger, J. O., Jansen, P. W., van Lier, P. A. C., Horoz, N., Buil, J. M., & van Lenthe, F. J. (2022) · International Journal for Equity in Health · doi:10.1186/s12939-022-01675-8 · Cited by 24

Examining the relations between semantic memory structure and creativity in second language

Fontecha, A. F., & Kenett, Y. N. (2022) · Thinking Skills and Creativity · doi:10.1016/j.tsc.2022.101067 · Cited by 28

A developmental approach to diglossia: Bilectalism on a gradient scale of linguality

Grohmann, K. Κ., Kambanaros, M., Leivada, E., & Rowe, C. (2016) · Poznań Studies in Contemporary Linguistics · doi:10.1515/psicl-2016-0025 · Cited by 23

The role of mother tongue literacy in language learning and mathematical learning: is there a multilingual benefit for both?

Dahm, R., & Angelis, G. D. (2017) · International Journal of Multilingualism · doi:10.1080/14790718.2017.1359275 · Cited by 25

The Additive Advantage and Bilingual Programs in a Large Urban School District

Alvear, S. (2018) · American Educational Research Journal · doi:10.3102/0002831218800986 · Cited by 28

The Multifaceted Nature of Bilingualism and Attention

Chung-Fat-Yim, A., Calvo, N., & Grundy, J. G. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.910382 · Cited by 22

Implicit Learning, Bilingualism, and Dyslexia: Insights From a Study Assessing AGL With a Modified Simon Task

Vender, M., Krivochen, D. G., Phillips, B., Saddy, D., & Delfitto, D. (2019) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01647 · Cited by 22

The role of bilingualism in executive functions in healthy older adults: A systematic review

Degirmenci, M. G., Grossmann, J. A., Meyer, P., & Teichmann, B. (2022) · International Journal of Bilingualism · doi:10.1177/13670069211051291 · Cited by 26

Needs and demands for heritage language support in Australia: results from a nationwide survey

Escudero, P., Diskin‐Holdaway, C., Escobar, G. P., & Hajek, J. (2023) · Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development · doi:10.1080/01434632.2023.2189261 · Cited by 22

Language learning from inconsistent input: Bilingual and monolingual toddlers compared

de Bree, E. H., Verhagen, J., Kerkhoff, A., Doedens, W., & Unsworth, S. (2016) · Infant and Child Development · doi:10.1002/icd.1996 · Cited by 25

Mexican-origin youth substance use trajectories: Associations with cultural and family factors.

Cruz, R. A., King, K. M., Mechammil, M., Bámaca‐Colbert, M. Y., & Robins, R. W. (2017) · Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1037/dev0000387 · Cited by 24

The internal context of bilingual processing

Truscott, J., & Smith, M. S. (2019) · Bilingual processing and acquisition · doi:10.1075/bpa.8 · Cited by 22

Executive functions mediate the association between bilingualism and creativity in preadolescents

Sampedro, A., & Peña, J. (2019) · Thinking Skills and Creativity · doi:10.1016/j.tsc.2019.100605 · Cited by 24

Language, the mind and the brain

Burridge, K., & Stebbins, T. N. (2015) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9781107445307.024 · Cited by 22

Long‐term interrelations between socio‐emotional and language competencies among preschool dual language learners in Germany

Ertanir, B., Kratzmann, J., & Sachse, S. (2020) · British Journal of Educational Psychology · doi:10.1111/bjep.12391 · Cited by 24

Neurocognitive Profiles Associated With Limited English Proficiency in Cognitively Intact Adults

Brantuo, M., An, K. Y., Biss, R. K., Ali, S., & Erdődi, L. A. (2022) · Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology · doi:10.1093/arclin/acac019 · Cited by 21

Multi-dimensional creativity: a computational perspective

Sosa, R., & Gero, J. S. (2015) · International Journal of Design Creativity and Innovation · doi:10.1080/21650349.2015.1026941 · Cited by 25

La brecha de calidad en la educación chilena

Drago, J. L., & Paredes, R. D. (2011) · Revista de la CEPAL · doi:10.18356/7b1f89f6-es · Cited by 21

The Changing World of Augmentative and Alternative Communication (AAC): Examining Three Realities Faced by Today's AAC Provider

Ogletree, B. T., McMurry, S., Schmidt, M., & Evans, K. (2018) · Perspectives of the ASHA Special Interest Groups · doi:10.1044/persp3.sig12.113 · Cited by 21

Promoting mathematics achievement in one-way immersion: Performance development over four years of elementary school

Fleckenstein, J., Gebauer, S. K., & Möller, J. (2019) · Contemporary Educational Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.cedpsych.2019.01.010 · Cited by 14

Language Proficiency, Use, and Maintenance among People with Vietnamese Heritage Living in Australia

McLeod, S. L., Verdon, S. E., Wang, C., & Tran, V. H. (2019) · Journal of Monolingual and Bilingual Speech · doi:10.1558/jmbs.10973 · Cited by 21

The Small and Efficient Language Network of Polyglots and Hyper-polyglots

Jouravlev, O., Mineroff, Z., Blank, I., & Fedorenko, E. G. (2020) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhaa205 · Cited by 26

Are bilingual children better at ignoring perceptually misleading information? A novel test

Goldman, M. C., Negen, J., & Sarnecka, B. W. (2014) · Developmental Science · doi:10.1111/desc.12175 · Cited by 21

Effects of Bilingual Language Use and Language Proficiency on 24-month-olds’ Cognitive Control

Verhagen, J., de Bree, E. H., & Unsworth, S. (2019) · Journal of Cognition and Development · doi:10.1080/15248372.2019.1673752 · Cited by 25

Is Acculturation Associated with the Cognitive Performance of Older Hispanics?

Alam, R. B., Singleton, C. R., Aguiñaga, S., Chodzko-Zajko, W., Jahan, N. A., Oke, A., & Schwingel, A. (2021) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-210502 · Cited by 22

Cross-Cultural Performance Validity Testing: Managing False Positives in Examinees with Limited English Proficiency

Ali, S., Crișan, I., Abeare, C. A., & Erdődi, L. A. (2022) · Developmental Neuropsychology · doi:10.1080/87565641.2022.2105847 · Cited by 22

The impact of resilience, hope, second language proficiency, and number of foreign languages on Chinese college students’ creativity

Lei, F., & Lei, L. (2023) · Thinking Skills and Creativity · doi:10.1016/j.tsc.2023.101275 · Cited by 21

Bilingualism and Biliteracy in Down Syndrome: Insights From a Case Study

Burgoyne, K., Duff, F. J., Nielsen, D., Ulicheva, A., & Snowling, M. J. (2016) · Language Learning · doi:10.1111/lang.12179 · Cited by 24

THE INTERPLAY OF BILINGUALISM, EXECUTIVE FUNCTIONS AND CREATIVITY IN PROBLEM SOLVING AMONG MALE UNIVERSITY STUDENTS

Leikin, M., Tovli, E., & Woldo, A. (2020) · Creativity Studies · doi:10.3846/cs.2020.10397 · Cited by 22

Null results in bilingualism research

Bialystok, E. (2020) · Journal of Multilingual Theories and Practices · doi:10.1558/jmtp.17104 · Cited by 20

Bilinguals’ speech perception in noise: Perceptual and neural associations

Bsharat-Maalouf, D., & Karawani, H. (2022) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0264282 · Cited by 19

A Synthesis of Professional Development Targeting Literacy Instruction and Intervention for English Learners

Shelton, A., Hogan, E., Chow, J. C., & Wexler, J. (2022) · Review of Educational Research · doi:10.3102/00346543221087718 · Cited by 26

A call for sophisticated statistical approaches and neuroimaging techniques to study the bilingual advantage

van Heuven, W. J. B., & Coderre, E. L. (2015) · Cortex · doi:10.1016/j.cortex.2015.08.006 · Cited by 19

Revisiting the bilingual advantage in attention in low SES Greek-Albanians: does the level of bilingual experience matter?

Vivas, A. B., Ladas, A. I., Salvari, V., & Chrysochoou, E. (2017) · Language Cognition and Neuroscience · doi:10.1080/23273798.2016.1271442 · Cited by 19

Integrating Bilingualism, Verbal Fluency, and Executive Functioning across the Lifespan

Zeng, Z., Kalashnikova, M., & Antoniou, M. (2019) · Journal of Cognition and Development · doi:10.1080/15248372.2019.1648267 · Cited by 19

The Multilingual Challenge for the Construction and Transmission of Scientific Knowledge

Berthoud, A.-C., & Gajo, L. (2020) · Multilingualism and diversity management · doi:10.1075/mdm.5 · Cited by 19

Subtle Increments in Socioeconomic Status and Bilingualism Jointly Affect Children’s Verbal and Nonverbal Performance

Bialystok, E., & Shorbagi, S. H. (2021) · Journal of Cognition and Development · doi:10.1080/15248372.2021.1901711 · Cited by 22

Early EFL Education Is on the Rise in Oman: A Qualitative Inquiry of Parental Beliefs about Early EFL Learning

Tekin, A. K. (2015) · English Language Teaching · doi:10.5539/elt.v8n2p35 · Cited by 19

How early can we efficiently start teaching a foreign language?

Dolean, D. D. (2015) · European Early Childhood Education Research Journal · doi:10.1080/1350293x.2015.1104047 · Cited by 19

STUDY QUALITY IN SLA: A CUMULATIVE AND DEVELOPMENTAL ASSESSMENT OF DESIGNS, ANALYSES, REPORTING PRACTICES, AND OUTCOMES IN QUANTITATIVE L2 RESEARCH

Plonsky, L. (2011) · ProQuest LLC eBooks · Cited by 19

Bilingual Education and School Choice: A Case Study of Public Secondary Schools in the Spanish Region of MadridPreprint

Sancho, J. M. G., Torrubia, M. J. M., Mediavilla, M., & Jiménez, L. P. (2019) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.3319738 · Cited by 19

The moderating effect of bilingualism on lifespan cognitive development

Vivas, A. B., Chrysochoou, E., Ladas, A. I., & Salvari, V. (2020) · Cognitive Development · doi:10.1016/j.cogdev.2020.100890 · Cited by 19

Bilingual experience and intrinsic functional connectivity in adults, aging, and Alzheimer's disease

Jafari, Z., Perani, D., Kolb, B. E., & Mohajerani, M. H. (2021) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/nyas.14666 · Cited by 18

Multifactorial approaches to study bilingualism in the aging population: Past, present, future

Dash, T., Joanette, Y., & Ansaldo, A. I. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.917959 · Cited by 18

Does multilingualism affect foreign language classroom anxiety and foreign language enjoyment?

Dewaele, J., Ferrer, M. S., Ahmed, I. K., & Albakistani, A. (2024) · Porta Linguarum Revista Interuniversitaria de Didáctica de las Lenguas Extranjeras · doi:10.30827/portalin.viix.29895 · Cited by 18

The English proficiency and academic language skills of Australian bilingual children during the primary school years

Dennaoui, K., Nicholls, R., O’Connor, M., Tarasuik, J. C., Kvalsvig, A., & Goldfeld, S. R. (2015) · International Journal of Speech-Language Pathology · doi:10.3109/17549507.2015.1060526 · Cited by 24

Towards a plurilingual habitus: engendering interlinguality in urban spaces

Lamb, T. (2015) · International Journal of Pedagogies and Learning · doi:10.1080/22040552.2015.1113848 · Cited by 20

Academic outcomes of multilingual children in Australia

O’Connor, M., O’Connor, E. J., Tarasuik, J. C., Gray, S. A. O., Kvalsvig, A., & Goldfeld, S. R. (2017) · International Journal of Speech-Language Pathology · doi:10.1080/17549507.2017.1292546 · Cited by 24

The effect of degrees of bilingualism on metacognitive linguistic skills

Abu‐Rabia, S. (2018) · International Journal of Bilingualism · doi:10.1177/1367006918781060 · Cited by 21

Patterns of educational achievement among groups of immigrant children in Denmark emerge already in preschool second-language and preliteracy skills

Højen, A., Bleses, D., Jensen, P., & Dale, P. S. (2019) · Applied Psycholinguistics · doi:10.1017/s0142716418000814 · Cited by 18

Executive Processes Underpin the Bilingual Advantage on Phonemic Fluency: Evidence From Analyses of Switching and Clustering

Marsh, J. E., Hansson, P., Sörman, D. E., & Ljungberg, J. K. (2019) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01355 · Cited by 25

Literacy Development: Evidence Review

Breadmore, H. L., Vardy, E. J., Cunningham, A. J., Kwok, R. K. W., & Carroll, J. M. (2019) · Nottingham Trent University's Institutional Repository (Nottingham Trent Repository) · Cited by 18

Parental Acculturation Attitudes: Direct and Indirect Impacts on Children’s Second Language Acquisition

Troesch, L. M., Segerer, R. K., Claus-Pröstler, N., & Grob, A. (2020) · Early Education and Development · doi:10.1080/10409289.2020.1740640 · Cited by 21

ERP measures of the effects of age and bilingualism on working memory performance

Morrison, C., & Taler, V. (2020) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2020.107468 · Cited by 18

Bilingualism and Creative Abilities in Early Childhood

Leikin, M., Tovli, E., & Malykh, S. B. (2014) · English Linguistics Research · doi:10.5430/elr.v3n2p54 · Cited by 18

On the predicaments of the E nglish L 1 language learner: a conceptual article

Lanvers, U. (2014) · International Journal of Applied Linguistics · doi:10.1111/ijal.12082 · Cited by 24

Metalinguistic awareness and academic achievement in a linguistically diverse school setting: a study of lower secondary pupils in Denmark

Spellerberg, S. M. (2015) · International Journal of Multilingualism · doi:10.1080/14790718.2015.1053891 · Cited by 18

Mediation in the relationship among EL status, vocabulary, and science reading comprehension

Ardasheva, Y., Newcomer, S. N., Firestone, J. B., & Lamb, R. L. (2016) · The Journal of Educational Research · doi:10.1080/00220671.2016.1175407 · Cited by 18

The intergenerational transmission of Australian Indigenous languages: why language maintenance programmes should be family-focused

Forrest, W. (2017) · Ethnic and Racial Studies · doi:10.1080/01419870.2017.1334938 · Cited by 18

Beyond the home: rethinking heritage language maintenance as a collective responsibility

Inan, S., & Harris, Y. R. (2025) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1616510 · Cited by 17

The Complexity in Bilingual Code-Switching Research: A Systematic Review

Rayo, W., Barrita, A. M., Martinez, L. C., & Carbajal, I. (2024) · Languages · doi:10.3390/languages9060217 · Cited by 29

The effect of reading aloud daily—Differential effects of reading to native-born German and Turkish-origin immigrant children

Klein, O., Biedinger, N., & Becker, B. (2014) · Research in Social Stratification and Mobility · doi:10.1016/j.rssm.2014.06.001 · Cited by 24

In what language do you speak to yourself? A review of private speech and bilingualism

Sawyer, J. (2016) · Early Childhood Research Quarterly · doi:10.1016/j.ecresq.2016.01.010 · Cited by 17

A Distinctly American Opportunity

Smith, P. (2016) · Policy Insights from the Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1177/2372732216644451 · Cited by 11

Bilingual children’s language learning in Australian early childhood education and care settings

Niklas, F., Tayler, C., & Cohrssen, C. (2017) · Research Papers in Education · doi:10.1080/02671522.2017.1353672 · Cited by 17

Relations of English and Heritage Language Proficiency to Response Inhibition and Attention Shifting in Dual Language Learners in Head Start

Williams, A. I., Uchikoshi, Y., Bunge, S. A., & Zhou, Q. (2018) · Early Education and Development · doi:10.1080/10409289.2018.1544812 · Cited by 19

How do bilingual dyslexic and typically developing children perform in nonword repetition? Evidence from a study on Italian L2 children

Vender, M., Delfitto, D., & Melloni, C. (2019) · Bilingualism Language and Cognition · doi:10.1017/s1366728919000828 · Cited by 24

Promoting Head Start Dual Language Learners’ Social and Emotional Development Through Creative Drama

Gao, Q., Hall, A. H., Linder, S. M., Leonard, A. E., & Qian, M. (2021) · Early Childhood Education Journal · doi:10.1007/s10643-021-01198-x · Cited by 17

DEVELOPMENT OF VERBAL CREATIVITY BY BILINGUAL AND ENGLISH AS FOREIGN LANGUAGE LEARNERS IN KINDERGARTEN TO 8TH GRADE SCHOOLS

Yemez, N., & Dikilitaş, K. (2022) · Creativity Studies · doi:10.3846/cs.2022.12603 · Cited by 21

SuperSpeech: Multilingual Speech and Language Maintenance Intervention for Vietnamese–Australian Children and Families via Telepractice

McLeod, S. L., Verdon, S. E., Tran, V. H., Margetson, K., & Wang, C. (2022) · Language Speech and Hearing Services in Schools · doi:10.1044/2021_lshss-21-00146 · Cited by 17

Is grammatical gender considered arbitrary or semantically motivated? Evidence from young adult monolinguals, second language learners, and early bilinguals

Bassetti, B. (2013) · British Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1111/bjop.12037 · Cited by 17

Attentional Fluctuations, Cognitive Flexibility, and Bilingualism in Kindergarteners

Haft, S. L., Kepinska, O., Caballero, J. N., Carreiras, M., & Hoeft, F. (2019) · Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.3390/bs9050058 · Cited by 21

Neuroimaging Studies of Multilingual Speech

Blackburn, A. M. (2019) · The Handbook of the Neuroscience of Multilingualism · doi:10.1002/9781119387725.ch6 · Cited by 17

Language profiles of Welsh-English bilingual children with Down syndrome

Ward, R. A., & Sanoudaki, E. (2021) · Journal of Communication Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jcomdis.2021.106126 · Cited by 23

Language Choices at Home and Their Relationship With Educational Outcomes, With a Special Focus on Children With Origins in Former Yugoslavia and Turkey in Six European Countries

Kilpi‐Jakonen, E., & Alisaari, J. (2022) · Frontiers in Sociology · doi:10.3389/fsoc.2022.841847 · Cited by 21

Explaining L2 Lexical Learning in Multiple Scenarios: Cross-Situational Word Learning in L1 Mandarin L2 English Speakers

Escudero, P., Smit, E., & Mulak, K. E. (2022) · Brain Science · doi:10.3390/brainsci12121618 · Cited by 17

The ups and downs of bilingualism: A review of the literature on executive control using event-related potentials

Antoniou, K. (2023) · Psychonomic Bulletin & Review · doi:10.3758/s13423-023-02245-x · Cited by 20

Awakening a critical consciousness among multidisciplinary professionals supporting culturally and linguistically diverse families: a pilot study on the impact of professional development

Verdon, S. E. (2018) · Child Care in Practice · doi:10.1080/13575279.2018.1516626 · Cited by 16

Stichwort: Mehrsprachigkeitsforschung

Lengyel, D. (2017) · Zeitschrift für Erziehungswissenschaft · doi:10.1007/s11618-017-0734-6 · Cited by 16

Effect of bilingualism on infants’ cognitive flexibility

Poulin‐Dubois, D., Neumann, C., Masoud, S., & Gazith, A. (2021) · Bilingualism Language and Cognition · doi:10.1017/s1366728921000912 · Cited by 16

Lexical transfer as a resource in pedagogical translanguaging

Fuster, C. (2022) · International Journal of Multilingualism · doi:10.1080/14790718.2022.2048836 · Cited by 18

Bilingual memory:

Bartolotti, J., & Marian, V. (2012) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9781139035279.002 · Cited by 16

Children’s scientific reasoning in the context of bilingualism

Kempert, S., & Hardy, I. (2014) · International Journal of Bilingualism · doi:10.1177/1367006914527803 · Cited by 16

Performance on Auditory and Visual Tasks of Inhibition in English Monolingual and Spanish–English Bilingual Adults: Do Bilinguals Have a Cognitive Advantage?

Desjardins, J. L., & Fernandez, F. (2018) · Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research · doi:10.1044/2017_jslhr-h-17-0160 · Cited by 16

Bilingüismo y desarrollo cognitivo: Una revisión sistemática sobre funciones ejecutivas y rendimiento cognitivo

Casierra, K., Londo, L. G. L., Vargas, D. J. A., Mazabanda, T. B. I., & Urgilez, Á. P. S. (2026) · Dialnet (Universidad de la Rioja)

A Review of the Cognitive Outcomes of Bilingualism

Hao, T. (2021) · Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research/Advances in social science, education and humanities research · doi:10.2991/assehr.k.211220.108

Bilingual effects on cognitive control: a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of 50 years of research

Privitera, A. J., Han, J., Han, K., Yee, J., & Yin, Y. (2026) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2026.1905413

Bilingualism and Cognition: An Annotated Bibliography on the Impact of Bilingualism on Brain Function and Cognitive Abilities

Annajiyah, A., Azlina, A., Nadhifah, K. I., Ahmadany, L. R., & Noviyanti, M. (2026) · INTENS (International Journal of English Education and Linguistics) · doi:10.32665/intens.v3i1.6143

The Relationship Between Bilingualism and Attention, Inhibition, Cognitive Flexibility, and Working Memory: A Systematic Review

BOZYİĞİT, T. (2026) · Social Sciences Studies Journal · doi:10.5281/zenodo.21157293