The DOI matches its Crossref record; 32 of the 32 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Toward a Conceptual Framework for Mixed-Method Evaluation Designs
Abstract
In recent years evaluators of educational and social programs have expanded their methodological repertoire with designs that include the use of both qualitative and quantitative methods. Such practice, however, needs to be grounded in a theory that can meaningfully guide the design and implementation of mixed-method evaluations. In this study, a mixed-method conceptual framework was developed from the theoretical literature and then refined through an analysis of 57 empirical mixed-method evaluations. Five purposes for mixed-method evaluations are identified in this conceptual framework: triangulation, complementarity, development, initiation, and expansion. For each of the five purposes, a recommended design is also presented in terms of seven relevant design characteristics. These design elements encompass issues about methods, the phenomena under investigation, paradigmatic framework, and criteria for implementation. In the empirical review, common misuse of the term triangulation was apparent in evaluations that stated such a purpose but did not employ an appropriate design. In addition, relatively few evaluations in this review integrated the different method types at the level of data analysis. Strategies for integrated data analysis are among the issues identified as priorities for further mixed-method work.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“The use of a mixed method approach was deemed important to achieve the primary benefits of development and expansion of the checklist (Greene,Caracelli,&Graham,1989).”
From Developing an English Language Textbook Evaluative Checklist (2013) · cites this paper as Greene,Caracelli,&Graham,1989
In the citing paper
“Ironically, in a comprehensive review of mixed-method evaluation studies, Greene and Caracelli (1989) found that methodological triangulation was actually quite rare in mixed-method research, used by only 3 of 57 studies.”
From Revisiting the Quantitative-Qualitative Debate: Implications for Mixed-Methods Research (2002) · cites this paper as Greene and Caracelli, 1989
In the citing paper
“The results were measured through a mixed concurrent or triangulated study [19–21].”
From The virtual patient as a learning tool: a mixed quantitative qualitative study (2018) · cites this paper as [19]
In the citing paper
“Likewise, with Greene et al.’s (1989) initiation purpose, the initiation strand follows the unexpected results that it is supposed to explain.”
From How to Construct a Mixed Methods Research Design (2017) · cites this paper as Greene et al.’s (1989)
In the citing paper
“Greene et al. (1989, p. 259) distinguished the following five purposes for mixing in mixed methods research:”
From How to Construct a Mixed Methods Research Design (2017) · cites this paper as Greene et al. (1989)
In the citing paper
“Bryman’s classification breaks down Greene et al.’s (1989) categories into several aspects, and he adds a number of additional aspects, such as the following:”
From How to Construct a Mixed Methods Research Design (2017) · cites this paper as Greene et al. (1989)
Citations
Cites
Convergent and discriminant validation by the multitrait-multimethod matrix.
Campbell, D. T., & Fiske, D. W. (1959) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/h0046016 · Cited by 17,116
Qualitative Data Analysis: A Sourcebook of New Methods
Lotto, L. S., Miles, M. B., & Huberman, A. M. (1986) · Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis · doi:10.3102/01623737008003329 · Cited by 10,357
Mixing Qualitative and Quantitative Methods: Triangulation in Action.
Jick, T. D. (1979) · Administrative Science Quarterly · doi:10.2307/2392366 · Cited by 7,103
The Research Act: A Theoretical Introduction to Sociological Methods
Fox, W. S., & Denzin, N. K. (1979) · Contemporary Sociology A Journal of Reviews · doi:10.2307/2065439 · Cited by 6,295
Qualitative data analysis: A sourcebook of new methods
Dijkstra, L. (1985) · European Journal of Operational Research · doi:10.1016/0377-2217(85)90239-5 · Cited by 2,913
Barrett, M. W. (1995) · Evaluation Practice · doi:10.1016/0886-1633(95)90009-8 · Cited by 961
Rossman, G., & Wilson, B. L. (1985) · Evaluation Review · doi:10.1177/0193841x8500900505 · Cited by 945
Brinberg, D. L., Cook, T. D., & Reichardt, C. S. (1981) · Educational Researcher · doi:10.2307/1174260 · Cited by 911
Mathison, S. (1988) · Educational Researcher · doi:10.3102/0013189x017002013 · Cited by 762
SMITH, J. K., & HESHUSIUS, L. (1986) · Educational Researcher · doi:10.3102/0013189x015001004 · Cited by 675
Research works printed but not linked: 19
- Bower JC, 1986, Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Educational Research Association
- Cook TD, 1979, Qualitative and quantitative methods in evaluation research
- Denzin NK, 1978, The research act: An introduction to sociological methods
- Gray P, 1987, Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Evaluation Association
- Greene JC, 1987, Proposal for the 1988 annual meeting of the American Education Research Association
- Kidder LH, 1987, Multiple methods in program evaluation: New Directions for Program Evaluation 35, 57
- Knapp MS, 1979, Qualitative and quantitative methods in evaluation research, 118
- Louis KS, 1981, Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Educational Research Association
- Mark MM, 1988, Panel presented at the annual meeting of the American Evaluation Association
- Mark MM, 1987, Multiple methods in program evaluation: New Directions for Program Evaluation 35, 95
- Martin GO, 1987, Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Evaluation Association
- 10.2307/1174583 · DOI
- Moody PR, 1982, Pitt Meadows physical education project: Evaluation of an implementation project
- Reichardt CS, 1979, Qualitative and quantitative methods in evaluation research, 7
- Reichardt CS, 1987, Multiple methods in program evaluation: New Directions for Program Evaluation 35, 7
- Shotland RL, 1987, Multiple methods in program evaluation: New Directions for Program Evaluation 35, 77
- Smith ML, 1986, Naturalistic evaluation: New Directions for Program Evaluation 30, 37
- Trend MJ, 1979, Qualitative and quantitative methods in evaluation research, 68
- Webb EJ, 1966, Unobtrusive measures
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Mixed Methods Research: A Research Paradigm Whose Time Has Come
Johnson, R. B., & Onwuegbuzie, A. J. (2004) · Educational Researcher · doi:10.3102/0013189x033007014 · Cited by 11,170
Toward a definition of mixed methods research
Johnson, R. B., Onwuegbuzie, A. J., & Turner, L. A. (2007) · Journal of Mixed Methods Research · doi:10.1177/1558689806298224 · Cited by 6,464
Achieving integration in mixed methods designs-principles and practices
Fetters, M. D., Curry, L. A., & Creswell, J. W. (2013) · Health Services Research · doi:10.1111/1475-6773.12117 · Cited by 7,219
Integrating quantitative and qualitative research: How is it done
Bryman, A. (2006) · Qualitative Research · doi:10.1177/1468794106058877 · Cited by 3,354
Methodological fit in management field research
Edmondson, A. C., & McManus, S. E. (2007) · Academy of Management Review · doi:10.5465/amr.2007.26586086 · Cited by 3,493
Using Mixed-Methods Sequential Explanatory Design: From Theory to Practice
Ivankova, N. V., Creswell, J. W., & Stick, S. L. (2006) · Field Methods · doi:10.1177/1525822x05282260 · Cited by 3,167
Campbell, J. L., Quincy, C., Osserman, J., & Pedersen, O. K. (2013) · Sociological Methods & Research · doi:10.1177/0049124113500475 · Cited by 2,974
Venkatesh, V., Brown, S. A., & Bala, H. (2013) · MIS Quarterly · doi:10.25300/misq/2013/37.1.02 · Cited by 2,573
How to Construct a Mixed Methods Research Design
Schoonenboom, J., & Johnson, R. B. (2017) · KZfSS Kölner Zeitschrift für Soziologie und Sozialpsychologie · doi:10.1007/s11577-017-0454-1 · Cited by 1,757
A typology of mixed methods research designs
Leech, N. L., & Onwuegbuzie, A. J. (2007) · Quality & Quantity · doi:10.1007/s11135-007-9105-3 · Cited by 2,017
A Typology of Mixed Methods Sampling Designs in Social Science Research
Onwuegbuzie, A. J., & Collins, K. M. T. (2015) · The Qualitative Report · doi:10.46743/2160-3715/2007.1638 · Cited by 1,676
An array of qualitative data analysis tools: A call for data analysis triangulation.
Leech, N. L., & Onwuegbuzie, A. J. (2007) · School Psychology Quarterly · doi:10.1037/1045-3830.22.4.557 · Cited by 1,758
McCarthy, D. O. (2000) · Research in Nursing & Health · doi:10.1002/1098-240x(200006)23:3 · Cited by 59
Mixed methods research designs in counseling psychology.
Hanson, W. E., Creswell, J. W., Clark, V. L. P., Petska, K. S., & Creswell, J. D. (2005) · Journal of Counseling Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-0167.52.2.224 · Cited by 1,375
Barriers to Integrating Quantitative and Qualitative Research
Bryman, A. E. (2007) · Journal of Mixed Methods Research · doi:10.1177/2345678906290531 · Cited by 1,305
Mixed method designs in implementation research
Palinkas, L. A., Aarons, G. A., Horwitz, S., Chamberlain, P., Hurlburt, M., & Landsverk, J. (2011) · Administration and Policy in Mental Health and Mental Health Services Research · doi:10.1007/s10488-010-0314-z · Cited by 1,187
Onwuegbuzie, A. J., & Leech, N. L. (2005) · International Journal of Social Research Methodology · doi:10.1080/13645570500402447 · Cited by 1,421
Revisiting the Quantitative-Qualitative Debate: Implications for Mixed-Methods Research
Sale, J. E. M., Lohfeld, L. H., & Brazil, K. (2002) · Quality and Quantity · doi:10.1023/a:1014301607592 · Cited by 1,082
Research in Special Education: Scientific Methods and Evidence-Based Practices
Odom, S. L., Brantlinger, E. A., Gersten, R. M., Horner, R. H., Thompson, B., & Harris, K. R. (2005) · Exceptional Children · doi:10.1177/001440290507100201 · Cited by 1,008
Navis, C., & Glynn, M. A. (2010) · Administrative Science Quarterly · doi:10.2189/asqu.2010.55.3.439 · Cited by 965
Martín, H. S., & del Bosque, I. A. R. (2007) · Tourism Management · doi:10.1016/j.tourman.2007.03.012 · Cited by 984
Hong, J. Y. (2010) · Teaching and Teacher Education · doi:10.1016/j.tate.2010.06.003 · Cited by 967
How to Conduct a Mixed Methods Study: Recent Trends in a Rapidly Growing Literature
Small, M. L. (2011) · Annual Review of Sociology · doi:10.1146/annurev.soc.012809.102657 · Cited by 829
The Validity Issue in Mixed Research
Onwuegbuzie, A. J., & Johnson, R. B. (2006) · Cited by 806
Triangulation and integration: processes, claims and implications
Moran‐Ellis, J., Alexander, V. D., Cronin, A., Dickinson, M., Fielding, J., Sleney, J., & Thomas, H. (2006) · Qualitative Research · doi:10.1177/1468794106058870 · Cited by 777
Is Mixed Methods Social Inquiry a Distinctive Methodology?
Greene, J. C. (2007) · Journal of Mixed Methods Research · doi:10.1177/1558689807309969 · Cited by 751
Self-citationMixed methods research: expanding the evidence base
Shorten, A., & Smith, J. (2017) · Evidence Based Nursing · doi:10.1136/eb-2017-102699 · Cited by 687
Morgan, D. L. (1998) · Qualitative Health Research · doi:10.1177/104973239800800307 · Cited by 1,374
Denscombe, M. (2008) · Journal of Mixed Methods Research · doi:10.1177/1558689808316807 · Cited by 886
Guidelines for Conducting Mixed-methods Research: An Extension and Illustration
Venkatesh, V., Brown, S. A., & Sullivan, Y. W. (2016) · Journal of the Association for Information Systems · doi:10.17705/1jais.00433 · Cited by 642
An Update on the Self-care of Heart Failure Index
Riegel, B. J., Lee, C. S., Dickson, V. V., & Carlson, B. (2009) · The Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing · doi:10.1097/jcn.0b013e3181b4baa0 · Cited by 624
An overview of mixed methods research
Doyle, L., Brady, A., & Byrne, G. (2009) · Journal of research in nursing · doi:10.1177/1744987108093962 · Cited by 641
A general typology of research designs featuring mixed methods.
Teddlie, C. B., & Tashakkori, A. (2006) · Cited by 575
Borghesi, S., Cainelli, G., & Mazzanti, M. (2014) · Research Policy · doi:10.1016/j.respol.2014.10.014 · Cited by 594
Integrating Quantitative and Qualitative Data in Mixed Methods Research—Challenges and Benefits
Almalki, S. (2016) · Journal of Education and Learning · doi:10.5539/jel.v5n3p288 · Cited by 613
Collins, K. M. T., Onwuegbuzie, A. J., & Jiao, Q. G. (2007) · Journal of Mixed Methods Research · doi:10.1177/1558689807299526 · Cited by 552
The Value of Mixed Methods Research
McKim, C. A. (2015) · Journal of Mixed Methods Research · doi:10.1177/1558689815607096 · Cited by 608
Linking Research Questions to Mixed Methods Data Analysis Procedures 1
Onwuegbuzie, A. J., & Leech, N. L. (2015) · The Qualitative Report · doi:10.46743/2160-3715/2006.1663 · Cited by 564
Qualitative Analysis Techniques for the Review of the Literature
Onwuegbuzie, A. J., Leech, N. L., & Collins, K. M. T. (2015) · The Qualitative Report · doi:10.46743/2160-3715/2012.1754 · Cited by 574
Ge, X., & Land, S. M. (2003) · Educational Technology Research and Development · doi:10.1007/bf02504515 · Cited by 522
Using triangulation to validate themes in qualitative studies
Jonsen, K., & Jehn, K. A. (2009) · Qualitative Research in Organizations and Management An International Journal · doi:10.1108/17465640910978391 · Cited by 639
Defining and describing the paradigm issue in mixed‐method evaluation
Greene, J. C., & Caracelli, V. J. (1997) · New Directions for Evaluation · doi:10.1002/ev.1068 · Cited by 500
Self-citationGasiewski, J. A., Eagan, M. K., García, G. A., Hurtado, S., & Chang, M. J. (2011) · Research in Higher Education · doi:10.1007/s11162-011-9247-y · Cited by 554
Franke, T. M., Ho, T., & Christie, C. A. (2011) · American Journal of Evaluation · doi:10.1177/1098214011426594 · Cited by 482
Halcomb, E., & Hickman, L. (2015) · Nursing Standard · doi:10.7748/ns.29.32.41.e8858 · Cited by 473
Using mixed methods in health research
Tariq, S., & Woodman, J. (2013) · JRSM Short Reports · doi:10.1177/2042533313479197 · Cited by 465
Making Paradigms Meaningful in Mixed Methods Research
Shannon‐Baker, P. (2015) · Journal of Mixed Methods Research · doi:10.1177/1558689815575861 · Cited by 712
Merging Qualitative and Quantitative Data in Mixed Methods Research: How To and Why Not
Driscoll, D., Appiah-Yeboah, A., Salib, P., & Rupert, D. J. (2007) · Lincoln (University of Nebraska) · Cited by 455
Qualitative research in practice Stories from the field
Darlington, Y., & Scott, D. A. (2020) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781003117025 · Cited by 473
Moments, Mixed Methods, and Paradigm Dialogs
Denzin, N. K. (2010) · Qualitative Inquiry · doi:10.1177/1077800410364608 · Cited by 456
O’Cathain, A., Murphy, E., & Nicholl, J. P. (2007) · BMC Health Services Research · doi:10.1186/1472-6963-7-85 · Cited by 433
Business models for the Internet of Things
Dijkman, R., Sprenkels, B., Peeters, T., & Janssen, A. (2015) · International Journal of Information Management · doi:10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2015.07.008 · Cited by 487
Building information modelling for off-site construction: Review and future directions
Yin, X., Liu, H., Chen, Y., & Al‐Hussein, M. (2019) · Automation in Construction · doi:10.1016/j.autcon.2019.01.010 · Cited by 472
Deductive Qualitative Analysis: Evaluating, Expanding, and Refining Theory
Fife, S. T., & Gossner, J. D. (2024) · International Journal of Qualitative Methods · doi:10.1177/16094069241244856 · Cited by 415
“Like many quantitative investigations, mixed methods studies are typically informed by a guiding theory and are used to evaluate and re fi ne the theory (Greene et al., 1989).”
AlAfnan, M. A., Dishari, S., Jovic, M., & Lomidze, K. (2023) · Journal of Artificial Intelligence and Technology · doi:10.37965/jait.2023.0184 · Cited by 402
Overview of Contemporary Issues in Mixed Methods Research
Teddlie, C. B., & Tashakkori, A. (2010) · Sage eBooks · doi:10.4135/9781506335193.n1 · Cited by 396
The “movement” of mixed methods research and the role of educators
Creswell, J. W., & Garrett, A. L. (2008) · South African Journal of Education · doi:10.15700/saje.v28n3a176 · Cited by 402
Read, J. G., & Gorman, B. K. (2010) · Annual Review of Sociology · doi:10.1146/annurev.soc.012809.102535 · Cited by 406
Enhancing the Interpretation of Significant Findings: The Role of Mixed Methods Research
Onwuegbuzie, A. J., & Leech, N. L. (2015) · The Qualitative Report · doi:10.46743/2160-3715/2004.1913 · Cited by 398
Broadening the range of designs and methods for impact evaluations
Stern, E., Stame, N., Mayne, J., Forss, K., Davies, R., & Befani, B. (2012) · doi:10.22163/fteval.2012.100 · Cited by 369
Creswell, J. W. (1999) · Handbook of Educational Policy · doi:10.1016/b978-012174698-8/50045-x · Cited by 565
Temporary Organizing: Promises, Processes, Problems
Bakker, R. M., DeFillippi, R., Schwab, A., & Sydow, J. (2016) · Organization Studies · doi:10.1177/0170840616655982 · Cited by 403
Mixed Research as a Tool for Developing Quantitative Instruments
Onwuegbuzie, A. J., Bustamante, R. M., & Nelson, J. A. (2009) · Journal of Mixed Methods Research · doi:10.1177/1558689809355805 · Cited by 367
Ivankova, N. V., & Stick, S. L. (2006) · Research in Higher Education · doi:10.1007/s11162-006-9025-4 · Cited by 385
Evaluating Information Visualizations
Carpendale, S. (2008) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-540-70956-5_2 · Cited by 367
Triangulation, Respondent Validation, and Democratic Participation in Mixed Methods Research
Torrance, H. (2012) · Journal of Mixed Methods Research · doi:10.1177/1558689812437185 · Cited by 482
Virtual reality applications for the built environment: Research trends and opportunities
Zhang, Y., Liu, H., Kang, S.-C., & Al‐Hussein, M. (2020) · Automation in Construction · doi:10.1016/j.autcon.2020.103311 · Cited by 391
Investigator Triangulation: A Collaborative Strategy With Potential for Mixed Methods Research
Archibald, M. M. (2016) · Journal of Mixed Methods Research · doi:10.1177/1558689815570092 · Cited by 355
Innovations in Mixed Methods Evaluations
Palinkas, L. A., Mendon, S. J., & Hamilton, A. B. (2019) · Annual Review of Public Health · doi:10.1146/annurev-publhealth-040218-044215 · Cited by 436
Data Analysis Strategies for Mixed-Method Evaluation Designs
Caracelli, V. J., & Greene, J. C. (1993) · Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis · doi:10.3102/01623737015002195 · Cited by 627
Self-citationPawson, R., & Manzano, A. (2012) · Evaluation · doi:10.1177/1356389012440912 · Cited by 348
Crafting mixed‐method evaluation designs
Caracelli, V. J., & Greene, J. C. (1997) · New Directions for Evaluation · doi:10.1002/ev.1069 · Cited by 340
Self-citationOnwuegbuzie, A. J., & Leech, N. L. (2005) · Quality & Quantity · doi:10.1007/s11135-004-1670-0 · Cited by 345
Improving agricultural extension A reference manual
Swanson, B. E., Bentz, R. P., & Sofranko, A. J. (1997) · VTechWorks (Virginia Tech) · Cited by 338
Undergraduate nursing students' perceptions of their clinical learning environment
Dunn, S. V., & Hansford, B. (1997) · Journal of Advanced Nursing · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2648.1997.19970251299.x · Cited by 336
Mixed methods designs in marketing research
Harrison, R. L., & Reilly, T. M. (2011) · Qualitative Market Research An International Journal · doi:10.1108/13522751111099300 · Cited by 343
Editorial: Differing Perspectives on Mixed Methods Research
Creswell, J. W., & Tashakkori, A. (2007) · Journal of Mixed Methods Research · doi:10.1177/1558689807306132 · Cited by 442
Onwuegbuzie, A. J., Johnson, R. B., & Collins, K. M. T. (2009) · International Journal of Multiple Research Approaches · doi:10.5172/mra.3.2.114 · Cited by 329
Luft, J. A. (2001) · International Journal of Science Education · doi:10.1080/09500690121307 · Cited by 323
Trauth, E. M., & Jessup, L. M. (2000) · MIS Quarterly · doi:10.2307/3250979 · Cited by 311
Methodological Rigor in Mixed Methods: An Application in Management Studies
Harrison, R. L., Reilly, T. M., & Creswell, J. W. (2020) · Journal of Mixed Methods Research · doi:10.1177/1558689819900585 · Cited by 353
Sugerman, D. E., Barskey, A. E., Delea, M. G., Ortega‐Sanchez, I. R., Bi, D., Ralston, K., Rota, P. A., Waters-Montijo, K., & LeBaron, C. W. (2010) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.2009-1653 · Cited by 303
Black Girls and School Discipline: The Complexities of Being Overrepresented and Understudied
Annamma, S. A., Anyon, Y., Joseph, N. M., Farrar, J., Greer, E., Downing, B. J., & Simmons, J. (2016) · Urban Education · doi:10.1177/0042085916646610 · Cited by 342
Wisdom, J. P., Cavaleri, M. A., Onwuegbuzie, A. J., & Green, C. A. (2011) · Health Services Research · doi:10.1111/j.1475-6773.2011.01344.x · Cited by 302
Gašević, D., Kovanović, V., Joksimovíc, S., & Siemens, G. (2014) · The International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning · doi:10.19173/irrodl.v15i5.1954 · Cited by 319
Issues in Mixing Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches to Research
Bazeley, P. (2004) · Cited by 288
Describing Mixed Methods Research: An Alternative to Typologies
Guest, G. (2013) · Journal of Mixed Methods Research · doi:10.1177/1558689812461179 · Cited by 283
Onwuegbuzie, A. J., Witcher, A. E., Collins, K. M. T., Filer, J. D., Wiedmaier, C., & Moore, C. W. (2007) · American Educational Research Journal · doi:10.3102/0002831206298169 · Cited by 304
Complementary Use of Qualitative and Quantitative Cultural Assessment Methods
Yauch, C. A., & Steudel, H. J. (2003) · Organizational Research Methods · doi:10.1177/1094428103257362 · Cited by 280
Banke-Thomas, A. O., Madaj, B., Ameh, C., & van den Broek, N. R. (2015) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-015-1935-7 · Cited by 281
Toward a Conceptualization of Mixed Methods Phenomenological Research
Mayoh, J., & Onwuegbuzie, A. J. (2013) · Journal of Mixed Methods Research · doi:10.1177/1558689813505358 · Cited by 280
Tondeur, J., Scherer, R., Siddiq, F., & Baran, E. (2019) · Educational Technology Research and Development · doi:10.1007/s11423-019-09692-1 · Cited by 344
Using mixed methods research in medical education: basic guidelines for researchers
Schifferdecker, K. E., & Reed, V. A. (2009) · Medical Education · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2923.2009.03386.x · Cited by 273
Gerschewski, S., Rose, E. L., & Lindsay, V. J. (2014) · Journal of World Business · doi:10.1016/j.jwb.2014.09.001 · Cited by 297
Mixed-methods research in language teaching and learning: Opportunities, issues and challenges
Riazi, A. M., & Candlin, C. N. (2014) · Language Teaching · doi:10.1017/s0261444813000505 · Cited by 281
Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches
Khâm, B. (2024) · Advances in educational technologies and instructional design book series · doi:10.4018/979-8-3693-2603-9.ch003 · Cited by 270
The Use of “Mixing” Procedure of Mixed Methods in Health Services Research
Zhang, W., & Creswell, J. W. (2012) · Medical Care · doi:10.1097/mlr.0b013e31824642fd · Cited by 267
Gibson, C. B. (2017) · Organizational Research Methods · doi:10.1177/1094428116639133 · Cited by 262
Fetters, M. D., & Molina-Azorín, J. F. (2017) · Journal of Mixed Methods Research · doi:10.1177/1558689817714066 · Cited by 281
Mixed methods research synthesis: definition, framework, and potential
Heyvaert, M., Maes, B., & Onghena, P. (2011) · Quality & Quantity · doi:10.1007/s11135-011-9538-6 · Cited by 311
Metadata
- Authors
- Greene, J. C., Caracelli, V. J., & Graham, W. F.
- Affiliations
- Cornell University (US)
- Venue
- Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis
- Published
- 1989-09
- Volume
- 11
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 255-274
- ISSN
- 0162-3737 (ISSN-L)
- 1935-1062
- OpenAlex
- W2109685530
- Cited by
- 5,687
- References
- 32
- Citations by year
- 2026: 282 · 2025: 266 · 2024: 273 · 2023: 300 · 2022: 321 · 2021: 377 · 2020: 322 · 2019: 300 · 2018: 266 · 2017: 286 · 2016: 314 · 2015: 336 · 2014: 328 · 2013: 300 · 2012: 279
- FWCI
- 6.74
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Public Administration › Evaluation and Performance Assessment
- Social Sciences › Education › Educational Research and Methods
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Qualitative Comparative Analysis Research
- Keywords
- conceptual framework, evaluation design, triangulation, complementarity, program evaluation, educational program evaluation, social program evaluation, integrated data analysis, design features
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
