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Formation of Intermetallic Compounds in Al–Cu Interface via Cold Roll Bonding: Review
Abstract
The composites consisting of similar or dissimilar metallic layers with different physical properties are vastly applicable. Among various methods for producing these composites, cold roll bonding (CRB) is considered to be more efficient and more cost-effective than other bonding processes. Nowadays, Al-Cu layer composite bonds are favorable in different industries due to their low price, well conductibility, high corrosion resistance, high deformation, and good electrical conduction. This review paper deals with the investigations of the Al-Cu cold rolling process, of the bonding mechanism of metallic layers during CRB, and of the effect of the roll bond strength parameters such as initial thickness, for one. Roll bonding has three levels: (1) physical touch; (2) activating surfaces in touch; (3) interaction between bonding metals. CRB is supposed to be an in-plane strain, and the normal stress distributed on the top and bottom rollers is homogeneous. Annealing before and after rolling, the direction and speed of rolling, the amount of thickness reduction, and the lubrication conditions on the Al–Cu bond through the roll bonding process were studied. The effect of different annealing conditions on the produced intermetallic compounds at the Al–Cu rolling bond interface and the growth of the intermetallic phases and their impact on the CRB parameters was examined. The thickness of intermetallic compounds, thickness reduction under the rolling process, the rolling speed, the a…
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“Therefore, cold roll bonding followed by an additional annealing is common to improve the interface strength [8,10,11,5].”
From Influences of the Rolling Parameters on Multi-Material Copper-Aluminum Composites via Compound Casting (2026) · cites this paper as [5]
In the citing paper
“Reported threshold height reductions in roll bonding vary depending on the materials and the process parameters: values range from 40% [4], over 60% [5], up to 80% [6] height reduction during the decisive first rolling pass.”
From Influences of the Rolling Parameters on Multi-Material Copper-Aluminum Composites via Compound Casting (2026) · cites this paper as [5]
In the citing paper
“Post-rolling annealing can initially enhance interfacial diffusion and bond strength but may lead to deterioration if unfavorable IMCs form thereafter [5].”
From Influences of the Rolling Parameters on Multi-Material Copper-Aluminum Composites via Compound Casting (2026) · cites this paper as [5]
In the citing paper
“Conversely, processing at temperatures between 400-500 °C leads to severe development of detrimental IMC [5,11].”
From Influences of the Rolling Parameters on Multi-Material Copper-Aluminum Composites via Compound Casting (2026) · cites this paper as [5]
In the citing paper
“Several scientific studies identify 300 °C as an optimal temperature for achieving an uniform distribution of deformation with minimal formation of brittle IMC [5,11].”
From Influences of the Rolling Parameters on Multi-Material Copper-Aluminum Composites via Compound Casting (2026) · cites this paper as [5]
In the citing paper
“Furthermore, a higher rolling speed tends to reduce the bond strength [5,7].”
From Influences of the Rolling Parameters on Multi-Material Copper-Aluminum Composites via Compound Casting (2026) · cites this paper as [5]
In the citing paper
“Notably, this temperature also aligns with values reported in the literature as optimal for promoting strong metallurgical bonding while minimizing detrimental intermetallic compound formation [5,11].”
From Influences of the Rolling Parameters on Multi-Material Copper-Aluminum Composites via Compound Casting (2026) · cites this paper as [5]
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Cited by
Sorted by citations
Ringel, A., Demirezen, A. Z., Hoyer, J., Bailly, D., Kammerloher, S., Volk, W., & Lian, J. (2026) · Materials Science Forum · doi:10.4028/p-ifcfc6
“Reported threshold height reductions in roll bonding vary depending on the materials and the process parameters: values range from 40% [4], over 60% [5], up to 80% [6] height reduction during the decisive first rolling pass.”
Influential
Metadata
- Authors
- Shajari, Y., Akbari, A., Seyedraoufi, Z. S., Porhonar, M., Bakhtiari, H., Razavi, S. H., Abdolmaleki, H., & Khanzadeh, M. R.
- Affiliations
- Materials and Energy Research Center (IR)
- Islamic Azad University, Tehran (IR)
- Islamic Azad University, Karaj (IR)
- Iran University of Science and Technology (IR)
- Islamic Azad University of Majlesi (IR)
- Corresponding author
- Shajari, Y.
- Seyedraoufi, Z. S.
- Venue
- Surface Engineering and Applied Electrochemistry
- Publisher
- Allerton Press
- Published
- 2022-02
- Volume
- 58
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 41-50
- ISSN
- 1068-3755 (ISSN-L)
- 1934-8002
- OpenAlex
- W4220833658
- Cited by
- 12
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 2
- FWCI
- 0.66
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- Locations
- Surface Engineering and Applied Electrochemistry (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Mechanical Engineering › Advanced Welding Techniques Analysis
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Metals and Alloys › Microstructure and mechanical properties
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Mechanical Engineering › Intermetallics and Advanced Alloy Properties
- Keywords
- cold roll bonding, Al-Cu composites, intermetallic compounds, metal matrix composites, bonding mechanism, bond strength, annealing temperature, rolling speed, thickness reduction, interfacial reaction, Cu/Al interface
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