Cited by 372Mental Health Treatment and AccessAnxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive ProcessesPsychometric Methodologies and Testing

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Kessler Psychological Distress Scale: Normative Data from the 2007 Australian National Survey of Mental Health and Wellbeing

Slade, Tim, Grove, Rachel, Burgess, Philip·2011·Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry

DOI 10.3109/00048674.2010.543653

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Abstract

Objective: To present Australian normative data on the ten-item Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10). Method: Analysis of cross-sectional data from the 2007 Australian National Survey of Mental Health and Wellbeing, a nationally representative household survey of 8841 adults. Mean K10 scores and K10 scores at selected percentiles of the K10 score distribution are presented by sex, age, the presence of mental disorders and the presence of physical conditions. Stratum-specific likelihood ratios were computed to help clinicians and researchers calculate predicted probabilities of mental disorder given scores on the K10. Results: Scores on the K10 were generally higher in women compared to men, in people with a mental disorder compared to without a mental disorder and in people with affective disorders compared to people with substance use disorders. The SSLRs were informative in ruling in a diagnosis of mental disorder, particularly at the high or very high end of the psychological distress spectrum. Conclusions: These data may be helpful for clinicians and researchers alike in understanding the likelihood of mental disorder in a given individual or sample.

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Authors: Slade, T., Grove, R., & Burgess, P.
Affiliations: UNSW Sydney (AU)
The University of Queensland (AU)
Corresponding author: Slade, Tim
ORCID: Slade, Tim
Grove, Rachel
Burgess, Philip
Venue: Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Published: 2011-04
Volume: 45
Issue: 4
Pages: 308-316
ISSN: 0004-8674 (ISSN-L)
1440-1614
DOI: 10.3109/00048674.2010.543653
OpenAlex: W2065188129
Cited by: 372
References: 42
Citations by year: 2026: 16 · 2025: 30 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 33 · 2022: 33 · 2021: 45 · 2020: 24 · 2019: 24 · 2018: 17 · 2017: 28 · 2016: 23 · 2015: 21 · 2014: 27 · 2013: 17 · 2012: 13
FWCI: 26.51
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: journals.sagepub.com/page/policies/text-and-data-mining-license (tdm)
Locations: Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Mental Health Treatment and Access
Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Psychometric Methodologies and Testing
Keywords: Kessler Psychological Distress Scale, K10, psychological distress, reference values, mental illness, likelihood ratios, sex differences, age differences, physical condition, mood disorders, substance use disorders, Australian adults
MeSH terms: Adolescent, Adult, Age Factors, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Australia, Mental Disorders, Female, Health Status, Health Surveys, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Predictive Value of Tests, Reference Values, Severity of Illness Index, Sex Factors, Prevalence

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Kessler Psychological Distress Scale: Normative Data from the 2007 Australian National Survey of Mental Health and Wellbeing

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