The DOI matches its Crossref record.
Surface area of the digestive tract – revisited
Abstract
Background According to textbooks, the human gut mucosa measures 260-300 m(2), that is, in the order of a tennis court. However, the quantitative data are incomplete and sometimes conflicting. Objectives To review the literature regarding the mucosal surface area of the human digestive tract; to collect morphometric data from the parts of the gut where such data are missing; and to recalculate the mucosal surface area of the intestine in man. Methods With focus on the intestine, we carried out morphometry by light and electron microscopy on biopsies from healthy adult volunteers or patients with endoscopically normal mucosae. Results Literature review of intubation or radiological methods indicates an oroanal length of ∼5 m, two-third of which refers to the small intestine. However, there is a considerable variation between individuals. The inner diameter of the small intestine averages 2.5 cm and that of the large intestine averages 4.8 cm. The mucosa of the small intestine is enlarged ∼1.6 times by the plicae circulares. Morphometric data obtained by light and electron microscopy of biopsies demonstrate that villi and microvilli together amplify the small intestinal surface area by 60-120 times. Surface amplification due to microvilli in the colon is ∼6.5 times. The mean total mucosal surface of the digestive tract interior averages ∼32 m(2), of which about 2 m(2) refers to the large intestine. Conclusion The total area of the human adult gut mucosa is not in the order of t…
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Different segments of GIT vary anatomically and physiologically and impact the extent of dissolution and absorption of the drugs.”
From Current Advances in Chitosan Nanoparticles Based Oral Drug Delivery for Colorectal Cancer Treatment (2022) · cites this paper as [18]
In the citing paper
“The high surface area (>300 m2) of gastrointestinal track coated with a viscous mucosal layer facilitates drug adhesion and absorption.18”
From Current Advances in Chitosan Nanoparticles Based Oral Drug Delivery for Colorectal Cancer Treatment (2022) · cites this paper as [18]
In the citing paper
“The pH increases rapidly in duodenum (pH 6) and rises along the small intestine to reach pH 7.4 at the terminal ileum.18”
From Current Advances in Chitosan Nanoparticles Based Oral Drug Delivery for Colorectal Cancer Treatment (2022) · cites this paper as [18]
Citations
Cites
No references could be resolved yet.
Research works printed but not linked: 38
- Casteleyn C, 2010, Lab Anim, 44, 176, 10.1258/la.2009.009112 · DOI
- Snipes RL, 1997, Adv Anat Embryol Cell Biol, 138, 1, 10.1007/978-3-642-60822-3_1 · DOI
- Strkalj G, 2008, S Afr Med J, 98, 86
- Underhill BML, 1955, Br Med J, 4950, 1243, 10.1136/bmj.2.4950.1243 · DOI
- Snyder WS, 1975, Report of the task group on reference man
- van der Reis V, 1924, Ztschr f d ges exper Med, 43, 94, 10.1007/BF02618759 · DOI
- Niess JH, 2006, Cell microbiol, 8, 558, 10.1111/j.1462-5822.2006.00694.x · DOI
- 10.1126/science.1106442 · DOI
- 10.1002/bdd.2510160502 · DOI
- Ritschel WA, 1991, Methods Find Exp Clin Pharmacol, 13, 313
- Mayhew TM, 1991, Exp Physiol, 76, 639, 10.1113/expphysiol.1991.sp003533 · DOI
- Weibel ER, 1979, Stereological methods
- Naumova EA, 2013, Head Face Med, 9, 8, 10.1186/1746-160X-9-8 · DOI
- Long JD, 2006, Gastrointestinal and liver diseases, 841
- Scott GH, 1925, Am J Dis Child, 30, 147
- Cox AJ, 1945, Cal West Med, 63, 267
- Lillibridge CB, 1964, Gastroenterology, 47, 269, 10.1016/S0016-5085(19)34740-7 · DOI
- Bouras EP, 2002, Gut, 51, 781, 10.1136/gut.51.6.781 · DOI
- Blankenhorn DH, 1955, Proc Soc Exp Biol Med, 88, 356, 10.3181/00379727-88-21588 · DOI
- Backman L, 1974, Acta Chir Scand, 140, 57
- Fanucci A, 1988, Scand J Gastroenterol, 23, 574, 10.3109/00365528809093914 · DOI
- Hosseinpour M, 2008, Surg Radiol Anat, 30, 653, 10.1007/s00276-008-0398-2 · DOI
- Sadahiro S, 1992, Surg Radiol Anat, 14, 251, 10.1007/BF01794949 · DOI
- Saunders BP, 1995, Br J Surg, 82, 1491, 10.1002/bjs.1800821113 · DOI
- Khashab MA, 2009, Endoscopy, 41, 674, 10.1055/s-0029-1214899 · DOI
- Kerckring T, 1670, Spicilegium anatomicum
- Riecken EO, 1976, Dtsch med Wschr, 101, 51, 10.1055/s-0028-1105312 · DOI
- Dunne WT, 1977, Gut, 18, 290, 10.1136/gut.18.4.290 · DOI
- Helander KG, 1990, Hum Pathol, 21, 1235, 10.1016/S0046-8177(06)80036-5 · DOI
- Wu TC, 2002, Food Chem Toxicol, 4, 1901
- DeSesso M, 2001, Food Chem Toxicol, 3, 209, 10.1016/S0278-6915(00)00136-8 · DOI · Paper page
- Geibel JP, 2005, Annu Rev Physiol, 67, 471, 10.1146/annurev.physiol.67.031103.153530 · DOI
- 10.1152/physrev.00026.2001 · DOI · Paper page
- Pappenheimer JR, 1998, Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol, 121, 45, 10.1016/S1095-6433(98)10100-9 · DOI
- Gross S, 1996, J Submicrosc Cytol Pathol, 28, 61
- Gardner LG, 1989, Q J Exp Physiol, 74, 257, 10.1113/expphysiol.1989.sp003269 · DOI
- Markiewicz A, 1992, Chronobiol Int, 9, 453, 10.3109/07420529209064559 · DOI
- Bhatnagar BNS, 2004, Clin Anat, 17, 236, 10.1002/ca.10204 · DOI
Cited by
Sorted by citations
The Microbiome and the Respiratory Tract
Dickson, R. P., Erb-Downward, J. R., Martinez, F. J., & Huffnagle, G. B. (2016) · Annual Review of Physiology · doi:10.1146/annurev-physiol-021115-105238 · Cited by 953
The role of the microbiome in exacerbations of chronic lung diseases
Dickson, R. P., Martinez, F. J., & Huffnagle, G. B. (2014) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(14)61136-3 · Cited by 495
Role of TLR4 in the gut-brain axis in Parkinson's disease: A translational study from men to mice
Perez-Pardo, P., Dodiya, H. B., Engen, P. A., Forsyth, C. B., Huschens, A. M., Shaikh, M., Voigt, R. M., Naqib, A., Green, S. J., Kordower, J. H., et al. (2019) · Gut · doi:10.1136/gutjnl-2018-316844 · Cited by 467
Age-related changes in glucose metabolism, hyperglycemia, and cardiovascular risk
Chia, C. W., Egan, J. M., & Ferrucci, L. (2018) · Circulation Research · doi:10.1161/circresaha.118.312806 · Cited by 454
Boets, E., Gomand, S. V., Deroover, L., Preston, T., Vermeulen, K., De Preter, V., Hamer, H. M., Van den Mooter, G., De Vuyst, L., Courtin, C. M., et al. (2017) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jp272613 · Cited by 443
Metadata
- Authors
- Helander, H. F., & Fändriks, L.
- Venue
- Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2014-04-02
- Volume
- 49
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 681-689
- ISSN
- 0036-5521
- 1502-7708
- Cited by
- 860
- References
- 0
- Language
- en
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
