Is there a role for vagus nerve stimulation therapy as a treatment of traumatic brain injury?
Abstract
This paper aims to review the current literature on vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) use in animal models of traumatic brain injury (TBI) and explore its potential role in treatment of human TBI. A MEDLINE search yielded four primary papers from the same group that demonstrated VNS mediated improvement following fluid percussion models of TBI in rats, seen as motor and cognitive improvements, reduction of cortical oedema and neuroprotective effects. The underlying mechanisms are elusive and authors attribute these to attenuation of post traumatic seizures, a noradrenergic mechanism and as yet undetermined mechanisms. Reviewing and elaborating on these ideas, we speculate other potential mechanisms including attenuation of peri-infarct depolarisations, attenuation of glutamate mediated excitotoxicity, stabilisation of intracranial pressure, enhancement of synaptic plasticity, upregulation of endogenous neurogenesis and anti-inflammatory effects may have a role. Although this data unequivocally shows that VNS improves outcome from TBI in animal models, it remains to be determined if these findings translate clinically. Further studies are warranted.
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VNS treatments might result in dynamic changes of monoamine metabolites in the hippocampus and several studies reported the influence of VNS on hippocampal neurogenesis.
“Thus, VNS treatments might result in dynamic changes of monoamine metabolites in the hippocampus (93) and several studies reported the influence of VNS on hippocampal neurogenesis (99, 100).”
From Vagus Nerve as Modulator of the Brain–Gut Axis in Psychiatric and Inflammatory Disorders (2018) · cites this paper as [99]
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Sun, Y. (2023) · Highlights in Science Engineering and Technology · doi:10.54097/hset.v36i.5667 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Lam, J., & Lee, D. J. (2021) · Neuromodulation Technology at the Neural Interface · doi:10.1111/ner.13538 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Posttraining Epinephrine Reverses Memory Deficits Produced by Traumatic Brain Injury in Rats
Lorón-Sánchez, A., Torras-García, M., Coll-Andreu, M., Costa‐Miserachs, D., & Portell-Cortés, I. (2016) · Scientifica · doi:10.1155/2016/9151490
Response to: “Deep Brain Stimulation for Alzheimer's Disease: Tackling Circuit Dysfunction”
Kumaria, A., & Tolias, C. M. (2021) · Neuromodulation Technology at the Neural Interface · doi:10.1111/ner.13539
Self-citationStimulation of vagal nerve in intracranial hypertension: A literature review
García-Ballestas, E., Durango-Espinosa, Y. A., Mendoza-Flórez, R. D. J., Agrawal, A., Deora, H., Matallana-Ramírez, L., Joaquim, A. F., & Moscote‐Salazar, L. R. (2021) · Indonesian Journal of Neurosurgery · doi:10.15562/ijn.v4i2.109
Applications and Future Trends of Spinal Cord Stimulation
Cong, Y., Gao, Y., & Lin, X. (2023) · Highlights in Science Engineering and Technology · doi:10.54097/hset.v36i.5668
The neural bases of consciousness in the healthy and in the pathological brain
Corazzol, M. (2017) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/e53dc662zecd7z424fza726zc52bd3a3fda7
Lieberman, O. J., Rojas-Valencia, L. M., Amorim, E., Ferguson, A. R., & Hinson, H. E. (2026) · Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports · doi:10.1007/s11910-026-01500-7
- Authors
- Kumaria, A., & Tolias, C. M.
- Affiliations
- King's College Hospital (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Kumaria, Ashwin
- Venue
- British Journal of Neurosurgery
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2012-03-10
- Volume
- 26
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 316-320
- ISSN
- 0268-8697 (ISSN-L)
- 1360-046X
- OpenAlex
- W2171301715
- Cited by
- 38
- References
- 71
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 5 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 1 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 0.30
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- British Journal of Neurosurgery (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Vagus Nerve Stimulation Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Neurology › Traumatic Brain Injury and Neurovascular Disturbances
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Traumatic Brain Injury Research
- Keywords
- vagus nerve stimulation, traumatic brain injury, fluid percussion injury, neuroprotection, post-traumatic seizures, noradrenergic mechanisms, excitotoxicity, glutamate, intracranial pressure, synaptic plasticity, endogenous neurogenesis, anti-inflammatory activity, animal models of brain injury
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Brain Injuries, Encephalitis, Hippocampus, Humans, Neuronal Plasticity, Norepinephrine, Synapses, Glutamic Acid, Intracranial Hypertension, Rats, Vagus Nerve Stimulation, Neural Stem Cells
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