Population Strategies of Cardiovascular Disease Prevention: Scientific Base, Rationale and Public Health Implications
Abstract
Congruence of evidence from all medical research methodologies has established the major causal influences in cardiovascular disease. Causation thus established, epidemiological observations are the best available evidence on which to base estimates of the potential of preventive strategies. From population comparisons we learn that some countries have little cardiovascular disease; therefore, prevention is a reality. From mortality surveillance we learn that the disease processes are highly dynamic. Parallels between cardiovascular disease and major non-cardiovascular disease mortality trends suggest that they have common causes and that common preventive strategies may be effective for both. From migrant studies we learn the predominant contribution to population risk of environment and culture. From population surveys we learn that risk characteristics for cardiovascular disease are mass phenomena, therefore they require mass preventive approaches. Follow-up studies in cohorts provide evidence of the risk attributable to elevated risk characteristics and the potential for preventive strategies in high risk societies with high disease rates. Clinical trials indicate the effectiveness of interventions in high risk individuals, the relative safety of such efforts and that cardiovascular disease prevention effects emerge in a very few years. Public health trials demonstrate that communities can mount and maintain effective preventive programs and what programs work best. Studies in youth indicate that risk of adult disease starts early and that an optimal prevention program would seek to prevent elevated risk in the first place.
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Population-based interventions can influence many of the factors that shape lifestyle behaviors, with potential for broad and sustained impact.
“Population-based interventions can influence many of these factors, with potential for broad and sustained impact.17–19”
From Population Approaches to Improve Diet, Physical Activity, and Smoking Habits: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association (2012) · cites this paper as [18]
Population-based strategies are crucial complements to individual-based efforts and have potential for broad and sustained impact.
“Population-based strategies are crucial complements to individual-based efforts and also have potential for broad and sustained impact.17–19”
From Population Approaches to Improve Diet, Physical Activity, and Smoking Habits: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association (2012) · cites this paper as [18]
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- Authors
- Blackburn, H.
- Affiliations
- University of Minnesota (US)
- Corresponding author
- Blackburn, Henry
- Venue
- Annals of Medicine
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 1989-01
- Volume
- 21
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 157-162
- ISSN
- 0785-3890 (ISSN-L)
- 1365-2060
- OpenAlex
- W2154247883
- Cited by
- 11
- References
- 33
- Citations by year
- 2022: 1 · 2020: 2 · 2015: 1 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 0.39
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Annals of Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiovascular Health and Risk Factors
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Health Promotion and Cardiovascular Prevention
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Healthcare Systems and Public Health
- Keywords
- cardiovascular disease prevention, risk factors, attributable risk, migration studies, preventive interventions, community-based prevention programs, youth risk, public health policy
- MeSH terms
- Cardiovascular Diseases, Clinical Trials as Topic, Health Promotion, Health Surveys, Humans, Life Style, Population Surveillance, Risk Factors
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