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Cited by 663

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Biomarkers of sepsis

Open access
Faix, James D.·2013·Critical Reviews in Clinical Laboratory Sciences

Abstract

Sepsis is an unusual systemic reaction to what is sometimes an otherwise ordinary infection, and it probably represents a pattern of response by the immune system to injury. A hyper-inflammatory response is followed by an immunosuppressive phase during which multiple organ dysfunction is present and the patient is susceptible to nosocomial infection. Biomarkers to diagnose sepsis may allow early intervention which, although primarily supportive, can reduce the risk of death. Although lactate is currently the most commonly used biomarker to identify sepsis, other biomarkers may help to enhance lactate's effectiveness; these include markers of the hyper-inflammatory phase of sepsis, such as pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines; proteins such as C-reactive protein and procalcitonin which are synthesized in response to infection and inflammation; and markers of neutrophil and monocyte activation. Recently, markers of the immunosuppressive phase of sepsis, such as anti-inflammatory cytokines, and alterations of the cell surface markers of monocytes and lymphocytes have been examined. Combinations of pro- and anti-inflammatory biomarkers in a multi-marker panel may help identify patients who are developing severe sepsis before organ dysfunction has advanced too far. Combined with innovative approaches to treatment that target the immunosuppressive phase, these biomarkers may help to reduce the mortality rate associated with severe sepsis which, despite advances in supportive measures, remains high.

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Metadata

Authors
Faix, J. D.
Venue
Critical Reviews in Clinical Laboratory Sciences
Published
2013-01
Volume
50
Issue
1
Pages
23-36
ISSN
  • 1040-8363 (ISSN-L)
  • 1549-781X
OpenAlex
W1973468590
Cited by
663
References
127
FWCI
3.32
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
bronze

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CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Biomarkers of sepsis. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.3109/10408363.2013.764490
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Faix, J. D. (2013). Biomarkers of sepsis. Critical Reviews in Clinical Laboratory Sciences. https://doi.org/10.3109/10408363.2013.764490

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