Effects of voluntary and involuntary exercise on cognitive functions, and VEGF and BDNF levels in adolescent rats.
Abstract
Regular treadmill running during adolescence improves learning and memory in rats. During adolescence, the baseline level of stress is thought to be greater than during other periods of life. We investigated the effects of voluntary and involuntary exercise on the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels, and spatial learning, memory and anxiety in adolescent male and female rats. The voluntary exercise group was given free access to a running wheel for 6 weeks. The involuntary exercise group was forced to run on a treadmill for 30 min at 8 m/min 5 days/week for 6 weeks. Improved learning was demonstrated in both exercise groups compared to controls. Neuron density in the CA1 region of the hippocampus, dentate gyrus and prefrontal cortex were increased. Hippocampal VEGF and BDNF levels were increased in both exercise groups compared to controls. In females, anxiety and corticosterone levels were decreased; BDNF and VEGF levels were higher in the voluntary exercise group than in the involuntary exercise group. The adolescent hippocampus is affected favorably by regular exercise. Although no difference was found in anxiety levels as a result of involuntary exercise in males, females showed increased anxiety levels, and decreased VEGF and BDNF levels in the prefrontal cortex after involuntary exercise.
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Animal models have shown aerobic exercise to be associated with a region-specific up-regulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor in the hippocampus.
“Animal models have shown AE to be associated with a region-specific up-regulation of BDNF in the hippocampus (Neeper et al., 1995; Marlatt et al., 2012; Uysal et al., 2015).”
From Aerobic Exercise as a Tool to Improve Hippocampal Plasticity and Function in Humans: Practical Implications for Mental Health Treatment (2016) · cites this paper as Uysal et al., 2015
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- Authors
- Uysal, N., Kiray, M., Sisman, A., Camsari, U., Gencoglu, C., Baykara, B., Cetinkaya, C., & Aksu, I.
- Affiliations
- Dokuz Eylül University (TR)
- Mayo Clinic (US)
- Corresponding author
- Uysal, N
- Venue
- Biotechnic & Histochemistry
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2014-09-09
- Volume
- 90
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 55-68
- ISSN
- 1052-0295 (ISSN-L)
- 1473-7760
- OpenAlex
- W2067973058
- Cited by
- 154
- References
- 60
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 15 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 16 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 16 · 2018: 14 · 2017: 16 · 2016: 13 · 2015: 13 · 2014: 1 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 4.99
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Biotechnic & Histochemistry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Developmental Neuroscience › Neurogenesis and neuroplasticity mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Nerve injury and regeneration
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
- Keywords
- voluntary exercise, treadmill running, adolescent rats, cognitive function, learning and memory, anxiety, vascular endothelial growth factor, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, hippocampus, prefrontal cortex, sex differences, corticosterone, exercise-induced neurogenesis
- MeSH terms
- Aging, Animals, Anxiety, Cognition, Female, Hippocampus, Learning, Male, Memory, Neurons, Physical Conditioning, Animal, Rats, Wistar, Prefrontal Cortex, Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A
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