The DOI matches its Crossref record; 22 of the 22 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
The work and social adjustment scale: Reliability, sensitivity and value
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the psychometric properties of the Work and Social Adjustment Scale (WSAS) as an outcome measure for the Improving Access to Psychological Therapy programme, assessing its value as an addition to the Patient Health (PHQ-9) and Generalised Anxiety Disorder questionnaires (GAD-7). Little research has investigated these properties to date. METHODS: Reliability and responsiveness to change were assessed using data from 4,835 patients. Principal components analysis was used to determine whether the WSAS measures a factor distinct from the PHQ-9 and GAD-7. RESULTS: The WSAS measures a distinct social functioning factor, has high internal reliability, and is sensitive to treatment effects. CONCLUSIONS: The WSAS, PHQ-9 and GAD-7 perform comparably on measures of reliability and sensitivity. The WSAS also measures a distinct social functioning component suggesting it has potential as an additional outcome measure.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“The WSAS [84, 85] is a 5-item self-report questionnaire to assess disability in daily life (e.g., work, home management, social activities) on a 9-point Likert scale (0 = no disability, 8 = severe disability).”
Citations
Cites
The PHQ-9: Validity of a brief depression severity measure
Kroenke, K., Spitzer, R. L., & Williams, J. B. W. (2001) · Journal of General Internal Medicine · doi:10.1046/j.1525-1497.2001.016009606.x · Cited by 44,910
A Brief Measure for Assessing Generalized Anxiety Disorder: The GAD-7
Spitzer, R. L., Kroenke, K., Williams, J. B. W., & Löwe, B. (2006) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinte.166.10.1092 · Cited by 31,765
The Work and Social Adjustment Scale: a simple measure of impairment in functioning
Mundt, J. C., Marks, I. M., Shear, M. K., & Greist, J. M. (2002) · British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.180.5.461 · Cited by 2,515
Evaluating patient-based outcome measures for use in clinical trials.
Fitzpatrick, Davey, Buxton, & Jones (1998) · Health Technology Assessment · doi:10.3310/hta2140 · Cited by 1,715
Löwe, B., Kroenke, K., Herzog, W., & Gräfe, K. (2004) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/s0165-0327(03)00198-8 · Cited by 1,558 · cited 3×
“However, using Löwe et al. (2004b) criteria with the current sample results in a minimal clinically significant change for the GAD-7 of 3-points.”
MethodThe English indices of deprivation 2004
Noble, M., Wright, G., Dibben, C., Smith, G., McLennan, D., Anttila, C., Barnes, H., Mokhtar, C., Noble, S., & Gardner, J. (2004) · Cited by 1,494
Monitoring Depression Treatment Outcomes With the Patient Health Questionnaire-9
L??we, B., Un??tzer, J., Callahan, C. M., Perkins, A. J., & Kroenke, K. (2004) · Medical Care · doi:10.1097/00005650-200412000-00006 · Cited by 1,354
Fitzpatrick, R. M., Shortall, Sculpher, Murray, Morris, Lodge, Dawson, Carr, Britton, & Briggs, A. H. (1998) · Health Technology Assessment · doi:10.3310/hta2200 · Cited by 969
Health and quality of life outcomes
Jolly, M., Sequeira, W., & Block, J. A. (2014) · Health and Quality of Life Outcomes · doi:10.1186/s12955-014-0173-5 · Cited by 722
The English Indices of Deprivation 2010
McLennan, D., Barnes, H., Noble, M., Davies, J., Garrett, E., & Dibben, C. J. L. (2011) · Cited by 591
Research works printed but not linked: 5
- Arbuckle JL, 2010, AMOS, v19.0.0 build 1376
- Fitzpatrick R, 1998, Health Technol Assess, 2, 1
- Department of Health, 2008, Improving access to psychological therapis implementaion plan: National guidlines for regional delivery
- Marks I, 1986, Behavioural psychotherapy Bristol: John Wright, now published by I
- SPSS, 2010, IBM SPSS Statistics, v19.0.0
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Karatzias, T., Shevlin, M. E., Fyvie, C., Hyland, P., Efthymiadou, E., Wilson, D., Roberts, N. P., Bisson, J. I., Brewin, C. R., & Cloître, M. (2016) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2016.09.032 · Cited by 365
“The WSAS has been found to provide reliable and valid scores and be a useful indicator of global dysfunction (Jansson-Fröjmark, 2014, Zahra et al, 2014).”
MethodRandomised feasibility study of physiotherapy for patients with functional motor symptoms
Nielsen, G., Buszewicz, M., Stevenson, F., Hunter, R., Holt, K., Dudziec, M., Ricciardi, L., Marsden, J., Joyce, E., & Edwards, M. (2017) · Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry · doi:10.1136/jnnp-2016-314408 · Cited by 246
Outcomes of a 5-day physiotherapy programme for functional (psychogenic) motor disorders
Nielsen, G., Ricciardi, L., Demartini, B., Hunter, R. M., Joyce, E. M., & Edwards, M. J. (2015) · Journal of Neurology · doi:10.1007/s00415-014-7631-1 · Cited by 135
“The following outcome measures were collected: the Short Form 36 (SF-36) [14], EQ-5D-5L [15], Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) [16], Work and Social Adjustment Scale (WSAS) [17], Berg Balance Scale (BBS) [18] and the 10 Metre Walk Test (10MWT) [19].”
MethodWalker, S., Goodfellow, H., Pookarnjanamorakot, P., Murray, E., Bindman, J., BLANDFORD, A. E., Bradbury, K. J., Cooper, B., Hamilton, F. L., Hurst, J. R., et al. (2023) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2022-069217 · Cited by 140
Self-citationHomesickness: A Systematic Review of the Scientific Literature
Stroebe, M., Schut, H. A. W., & Nauta, M. H. (2015) · Review of General Psychology · doi:10.1037/gpr0000037 · Cited by 106
“Items for a new place adjustment questionnaire can likewise be derived from those that include specific new place items, and/or from questionnaires in the broader adjustment field (e.g., Baker & Siryk, 1999; Zahra et al., 2014).”
Metadata
- Authors
- Zahra, D., Qureshi, A., Henley, W., Taylor, R., Quinn, C., Pooler, J., Hardy, G., Newbold, A., & Byng, R.
- Affiliations
- University of Plymouth (GB)
- Edge Hill University (GB)
- University of Exeter (GB)
- University of Sheffield (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Zahra, Daniel
- ORCID
- Venue
- International Journal of Psychiatry in Clinical Practice
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2014-03-16
- Volume
- 18
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 131-138
- ISSN
- 1365-1501 (ISSN-L)
- 1471-1788
- OpenAlex
- W2152311889
- Cited by
- 141
- References
- 22
- Citations by year
- 2026: 14 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 25 · 2022: 16 · 2021: 18 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 3
- FWCI
- 7.88
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- International Journal of Psychiatry in Clinical Practice (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- ENLIGHTEN (Jurnal Bimbingan dan Konseling Islam) (submittedVersion)
- Edge Hill University Research Information Repository (Edge Hill University) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute for Health and Care Research
- National Institutes of Health
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Psychometric Methodologies and Testing
- Social Sciences › Economics, Econometrics and Finance › Economics and Econometrics › Health Systems, Economic Evaluations, Quality of Life
- Keywords
- Work and Social Adjustment Scale, psychometric properties, reliability statistics, responsiveness to change, social functioning, PHQ-9, GAD-7, Improving Access to Psychological Therapies, outcome measures, depression, generalized anxiety disorder, factor structure
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Psychometrics, Social Adjustment, Work, Young Adult, Patient Outcome Assessment
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
