Too much or too little: Hyper- and hypo-reactivity in high-functioning autism spectrum conditions
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Sensory reactivity in people with autism spectrum conditions (ASC) has been found to differ in comparison to reactivity in people without ASC. In this study sensory experiences of high-functioning individuals with ASC were explored and described. METHOD: Interview data from 15 participants with a diagnosis of ASC were analysed by content analysis. RESULTS: Seven aspects of sensory experiences were identified: Being hyper- and hypo-reactive, reacting to general overload, having strong stimuli preferences, managing attentiveness to stimuli, managing sensory/motor stimuli, and dealing with consequences of sensory reactions in daily life. CONCLUSIONS: The categorisation of sensory reactivity in this study can guide clinicians on how to pose questions about sensory issues to individuals with ASC. The assessment of spectrum-specific sensory experiences in high-functioning ASC and their association with other social and nonsocial features of ASC are goals for further research.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In adults, self-report studies with cognitively able autistic participants indicate a conscious awareness of their sensory processing being different, which might help them to develop coping strategies.
“In adults, self-report studies with cognitively able autistic participants (Elwin et al., 2013; Jones et al., 2003; Smith & Sharp, 2012) indicate a conscious awareness of their sensory processing being different, which might help them to develop coping strategies.”
From The design and implementation of a CBT-based intervention for sensory processing difficulties in adolescents on the autism spectrum (2016) · cites this paper as Elwin et al., 2013
Cites
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
American Psychiatric Association (2013) · doi:10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596 · Cited by 116,369 · see citing works
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
Williams, J. B. W., & First, M. B. (2013) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780199975839.013.104 · Cited by 109,841 · see citing works
Qualitative research and evaluation methods
Patton, M. Q. (1980) · Cited by 35,637 · see citing works
Content Analysis: An Introduction to its Methodology.
Shelley, M., & Krippendorff, K. (1984) · Journal of the American Statistical Association · doi:10.2307/2288384 · Cited by 24,305 · see citing works
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders.
Widiger, T. A. (2000) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1037/10518-009 · Cited by 19,767 · see citing works
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th ed.
Carter, M. J. (2014) · Therapeutic Recreation Journal · Cited by 15,154 · see citing works
Qualitative Research and Evaluation Methods (3rd ed.)
Sharp, C. A. (2003) · Evaluation Journal of Australasia · doi:10.1177/1035719x0300300213 · Cited by 10,519 · see citing works
(2001) · Journal of obstetrics and gynaecology research · doi:10.1111/j.1447-0756.2001.tb01222.x · Cited by 3,515 · see citing works
Simonoff, E., Pickles, A., Charman, T., Chandler, S., Loucas, T., & Baird, G. (2008) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/chi.0b013e318179964f · Cited by 3,399 · see citing works
A method of analysing interview transcripts in qualitative research
Burnard, P. (1991) · Nurse Education Today · doi:10.1016/0260-6917(91)90009-y · Cited by 2,510 · see citing works
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale--Third Edition
Wechsler, D. (2019) · PsycTESTS Dataset · doi:10.1037/t49755-000 · Cited by 2,327 · see citing works
Epidemiological Surveys of Autism and Other Pervasive Developmental Disorders: An Update
Fombonne, E. (2003) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1023/a:1025054610557 · Cited by 1,505 · see citing works
Summary of notifiable diseases--United States, 2012.
Adams, D. A., Jajosky, R. A., Ajani, U. A., Kriseman, J., Sharp, P., Onwen, D. H., Schley, A. W., Anderson, W. J., Grigoryan, A., Aranas, A. E., et al. (2014) · PubMed · Cited by 1,342 · see citing works
Describing the Sensory Abnormalities of Children and Adults with Autism
Leekam, S. R., Nieto, C., Libby, S. J., Wing, L., & Gould, J. (2007) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-006-0218-7 · Cited by 1,140 · cited 4× · see citing works
“According to Leekam et al. (2007), sensory abnormalities have been shown to be multimodal and persistent across age and ability in children and adults with ASC.”
BackgroundInfluentialSensory Processing in Autism: A Review of Neurophysiologic Findings
MARCO, E. J., HINKLEY, L. B. N., HILL, S. S., & NAGARAJAN, S. S. (2011) · Pediatric Research · doi:10.1203/pdr.0b013e3182130c54 · Cited by 1,112 · see citing works
An introduction to qualitative research, 4th ed.
Flick, U. (2009) · Cited by 1,079 · see citing works
A meta-analysis of sensory modulation symptoms in individuals with autism spectrum disorders
Ben-Sasson, A., Hen, L., Fluss, R., Cermak, S. A., Engel-Yeger, B., & Gal, E. (2009) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-008-0593-3 · Cited by 1,047 · cited 9× · see citing works
“In a meta-analysis, including 14 studies with parent questionnaires (Ben-Sasson et al., 2009), differences were obvious between children with ASC and typically developing comparison children.”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialMorbidity and Mortality Weekly Report
(2012) · Wilderness and Environmental Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.wem.2011.11.005 · Cited by 1,033 · see citing works
An Introduction to Qualitative Research
Bryden, E. (2010) · doi:10.52439/uzxe5427 · Cited by 1,028 · see citing works
Baranek, G. T., David, F. J., Poe, M. D., Stone, W. L., & Watson, L. R. (2006) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2005.01546.x · Cited by 975 · see citing works
Autism: Explaining the enigma.
Wolff, S. (2004) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2004.t01-3-00211.x · Cited by 822 · see citing works
Rogers, S. J., Hepburn, S., & Wehner, E. (2003) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1023/b:jadd.0000006000.38991.a7 · Cited by 609 · see citing works
Sensory processing in adults with autism spectrum disorders.
Crane, L., Goddard, L., & Pring, L. (2009) · Autism · doi:10.1177/1362361309103794 · Cited by 602 · see citing works
The pattern of sensory processing abnormalities in autism
Kern, J. K., Trivedi, M. H., Garver, C. R., Grannemann, B. D., Andrews, A. A., Savla, J. S., Johnson, D. G., Mehta, J. A., & Schroeder, J. L. (2006) · Autism · doi:10.1177/1362361306066564 · Cited by 515 · see citing works
Psychiatric comorbidity in young adults with a clinical diagnosis of Asperger syndrome
Lugnegård, T., Hallerbäck, M. U., & Gillberg, C. (2011) · Research in Developmental Disabilities · doi:10.1016/j.ridd.2011.03.025 · Cited by 483 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Nevertheless, individuals with comorbid psychiatric disorders constitute a large group—as high as 70%, according to several studies (e.g., Lugnegård et al., 2011; Simonoff et al., 2008).”
BackgroundMüller, E., Schuler, A., & Yates, G. (2008) · Autism · doi:10.1177/1362361307086664 · Cited by 462 · see citing works
Sensory and attention abnormalities in autistic spectrum disorders
Liss, M., Saulnier, C., Fein, D., & Kinsbourne, M. (2006) · Autism · doi:10.1177/1362361306062021 · Cited by 450 · see citing works
Ethical principles for medical research involving human subjects
Mundial, A. M. (2009) · Anales del Sistema Sanitario de Navarra · doi:10.23938/assn.0522 · Cited by 403 · see citing works
Research Review: Structural language in autistic spectrum disorder – characteristics and causes
Boucher, J. (2012) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2011.02508.x · Cited by 382 · see citing works
Billstedt, E., Carina Gillberg, I., & Gillberg, C. (2007) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2007.01774.x · Cited by 309 · see citing works
Gillberg, C., Gillberg, C., Råstam, M., & Wentz, E. (2001) · Autism · doi:10.1177/1362361301005001006 · Cited by 299 · see citing works
Kaland, N., Møller‐Nielsen, A., Callesen, K., Mortensen, E. L., Gottlieb, D., & Smith, L. (2002) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/1469-7610.00042 · Cited by 247 · see citing works
Sensory Processing Issues Associated With Asperger Syndrome: A Preliminary Investigation
Dunn, W., Myles, B. S., & Orr, S. (2002) · American Journal of Occupational Therapy · doi:10.5014/ajot.56.1.97 · Cited by 235 · see citing works
Bogdashina, O., Lawson, W., & Peeters, T. (2003) · Thammasat University Digital Collections · Cited by 230 · see citing works
DEVELOPMENTAL LANGUAGE DISORDERS: FROM PHENOTYPES TO ETIOLOGIES
Anderson, R. T. (2006) · Studies in Second Language Acquisition · doi:10.1017/s0272263106240063 · Cited by 221 · see citing works
First-hand accounts of sensory perceptual experiences in autism: a qualitative analysis
Jones, R. S. P., Quigney, C., & Huws, J. C. (2003) · Journal of Intellectual & Developmental Disability · doi:10.1080/1366825031000147058 · Cited by 205 · see citing works
Trajectory of Language Development in Autistic Spectrum Disorders
Lord, C., Risi, S., & Pickles, A. R. (2004) · Psychology Press eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781410610881-7 · Cited by 168 · see citing works
What Can We Learn about Autism from Autistic Persons?
Chamak, B., Bonniau, B., Jaunay, E., & Cohen, D. (2008) · Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics · doi:10.1159/000140086 · Cited by 153 · see citing works
Autobiographical Accounts of Sensing in Asperger Syndrome and High-Functioning Autism
Elwin, M., Ek, L., Schröder, A., & Kjellin, L. (2012) · Archives of Psychiatric Nursing · doi:10.1016/j.apnu.2011.10.003 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Self-citationGirls With Social and/or Attention Deficits: A Descriptive Study of 100 Clinic Attenders
Kopp, S., Kelly, K. B., & Gillberg, C. (2009) · Journal of Attention Disorders · doi:10.1177/1087054709332458 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
1 of the 41 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Striatal Circuits as a Common Node for Autism Pathophysiology
Fuccillo, M. V. (2016) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2016.00027 · Cited by 269 · see citing works
Update of a Meta-analysis of Sensory Symptoms in ASD: A New Decade of Research
Ben-Sasson, A., Gal, E., Fluss, R., Katz-Zetler, N., & Cermak, S. A. (2019) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-019-04180-0 · Cited by 263 · see citing works
Sensory abnormalities in children with autism spectrum disorder
Posar, A., & Visconti, P. (2017) · Jornal de Pediatria · doi:10.1016/j.jped.2017.08.008 · Cited by 195 · see citing works
The feeling of Me feeling for you: interoception, alexithymia and empathy in autism
Mul, C.-L., Stagg, S. D., Herbelin, B., & Aspell, J. E. (2018) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-018-3564-3 · Cited by 180 · see citing works
Autistic Traits and Abnormal Sensory Experiences in Adults
Horder, J., Wilson, C., Méndez, M. A., & Murphy, D. (2013) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-013-2012-7 · Cited by 185 · see citing works
Williams, Z. J., He, J. L., Cascio, C. J., & Woynaroski, T. G. (2021) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.11.030 · Cited by 175 · see citing works
Toward a Best-Practice Protocol for Assessment of Sensory Features in ASD
Schaaf, R. C., & Lane, A. E. (2014) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-014-2299-z · Cited by 146 · see citing works
DuBois, D., Lymer, E., Gibson, B. E., Desarkar, P., & Nalder, E. J. (2017) · Brain Sciences · doi:10.3390/brainsci7080108 · Cited by 108 · see citing works
A qualitative study of noise sensitivity in adults with autism spectrum disorder
Landon, J., Shepherd, D., & Lodhia, V. (2016) · Research in Autism · doi:10.1016/j.rasd.2016.08.005 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Sensory abnormalities in children with autism spectrum disorder
Posar, A., & Visconti, P. (2018) · Jornal de Pediatria (Versão em Português) · doi:10.1016/j.jpedp.2017.11.009 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Neufeld, J., Eriksson, L. H., Hammarsten, R., Remnélius, K. L., Tillmann, J., Isaksson, J., & Bölte, S. (2021) · Autism · doi:10.1177/13623613211019852 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
The sensory experiences of autistic people: A metasynthesis
Sibéoni, J., Massoutier, L., Valette, M., Manolios, É., Verneuil, L., Speranza, M., & Révah‐Levy, A. (2022) · Autism · doi:10.1177/13623613221081188 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Revised scored Sensory Perception Quotient reveals sensory hypersensitivity in women with autism
Taylor, E., Holt, R., Tavassoli, T., Ashwin, C., & Baron‐Cohen, S. (2020) · Molecular Autism · doi:10.1186/s13229-019-0289-x · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Edgington, L., Hill, V., & Pellicano, E. (2016) · Research in Developmental Disabilities · doi:10.1016/j.ridd.2016.09.004 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
“In adults, self-report studies with cognitively able autistic participants (Elwin et al., 2013; Jones et al., 2003; Smith & Sharp, 2012) indicate a conscious awareness of their sensory processing being different, which might help them to develop coping strategies.”
BackgroundTaels, L., Feyaerts, J., Lizon, M., Smet, M. M. D., & Vanheule, S. (2023) · Autism · doi:10.1177/13623613231158182 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
How auditory processing influences the autistic profile: A review
Poulsen, R. E., Williams, Z. J., Dwyer, P. S. R., Pellicano, E., Sowman, P. F., & McAlpine, D. (2024) · Autism Research · doi:10.1002/aur.3259 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Williams, Z. J., Schaaf, R. C., Ausderau, K., Baranek, G. T., Barrett, D. J., Cascio, C. J., Dumont, R. L., Eyoh, E. E., Failla, M. D., Feldman, J. I., et al. (2023) · Molecular Autism · doi:10.1186/s13229-023-00563-4 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Impacts of school environment quality on autistic pupil's behaviours – A systematic review
Qutub, R. A., Luo, Z., Vasilikou, C., Tavassoli, T., Essah, E., & Marcham, H. (2024) · Building and Environment · doi:10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.111981 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Sensory Clusters of Adults With and Without Autism Spectrum Conditions
Elwin, M., Schröder, A., Ek, L., Wallsten, T., & Kjellin, L. (2016) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-016-2976-1 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Self-citationEmotional Dysfunction and Interoceptive Challenges in Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorders
Bonete, S., Molinero, C., & Ruisanchez, D. (2023) · Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.3390/bs13040312 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Elwin, M., Schröder, A., Ek, L., & Kjellin, L. (2015) · Nordic Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.3109/08039488.2015.1053984 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Self-citationDwyer, P. S. R., Takarae, Y., Zadeh, I., Rivera, S. M., & Saron, C. D. (2022) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2022.811547 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Orekhova, E. V., Manyukhina, V. O., Galuta, I. A., Prokofyev, A. O., Goiaeva, D. E., Obukhova, T. S., Fadeev, K. A., Schneiderman, J. F., & Stroganova, T. A. (2023) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0281531 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Eggs, sugar, grated bones: colour-based food preferences in autism, eating disorders, and beyond
Strand, M. (2020) · Medical Humanities · doi:10.1136/medhum-2019-011811 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Narvekar, N., Leno, V. C., Pasco, G., Ali, J. B., Johnson, M. H., Charman, T., Jones, E. J. H., & The STAARS Team (2024) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/jcpp.13941 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
The appraisal of roadway environment and infrastructure by drivers with autism: A qualitative study
Dirix, H., Ross, V., Brijs, K., Vermeiren, E., Timmermans, C., Alhajyaseen, W., Brijs, T., Wets, G., & Spooren, A. I. F. (2021) · Transportation Research Part F Traffic Psychology and Behaviour · doi:10.1016/j.trf.2021.01.016 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Salah, A., Amr, M., Elsayed, M. A., Elwasify, M., Eltoukhy, K., Salama, S., & Tobar, S. (2024) · Middle East Current Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s43045-024-00441-6 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Minor Neurological Dysfunctions (MNDs) in Autistic Children without Intellectual Disability
Tripi, G., Roux, S., Carotenuto, M., Bonnet‐Brilhault, F., & Roccella, M. (2018) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm7040079 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Forsberg, K., Sutton, D., Stjernswärd, S., Brown, C. E., Bejerholm, U., & Argentzell, E. (2025) · Australian Occupational Therapy Journal · doi:10.1111/1440-1630.13016 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Meguid, N. A., Eid, O. M., Reda, M., Elalfy, D. Y., & Hussein, F. (2020) · Research in Autism · doi:10.1016/j.rasd.2020.101558 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Hsieh, J.-J., Nagai, Y., Kumagaya, S., Ayaya, S., & Asada, M. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.888627 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Welcoming autistic students to academic libraries through innovative space utilization
Walton, K., & McMullin, R. M. (2021) · Pennsylvania Libraries: Research & Practice · doi:10.5195/palrap.2021.259 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Williams, Z. J., Schaaf, R. C., Ausderau, K., Baranek, G. T., Barrett, D. J., Cascio, C. J., Dumont, R. L., Eyoh, E. E., Failla, M. D., Feldman, J. I., et al. (2023) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-2447849/v1 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Study of sensory processing deficits in autism spectrum disorder symptom triad: an Egyptian sample
Reda, M., Meguid, N. A., Eid, O. M., Hussein, F., & Elalfy, D. Y. (2021) · Middle East Current Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s43045-020-00082-5 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Development and Validation of the Glasgow Sensory Questionnaire Short (GSQ-14)Preprint
Millington, E., & Simmons, D. R. (2023) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/84kgt · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Roknić, A., & Vuković, S. (2021) · Specijalna edukacija i rehabilitacija · doi:10.5937/specedreh20-33375 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Kucharczyk, I., & Olempska-Wysocka, M. (2017) · Forum Pedagogiczne · doi:10.21697/fp.2017.2.06 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
How auditory processing influences the autistic profile - a reviewPreprint
Poulsen, R. E., Williams, Z. J., Dwyer, P. S. R., Pellicano, E., Sowman, P. F., & McAlpine, D. (2024) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/a7kr5 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
MySensory: a Novel Solution for Sound Hyper-Reactivity in Autism
Player, O. R., Kelly, M. A., & Cho, Y. (2025) · Designing Interactive Systems Conference · doi:10.1145/3715668.3736366 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Herbert, G., Smith, A., & MacLennan, K. (2025) · Autism in Adulthood · doi:10.1177/25739581251375879 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Oishi, K. (2017) · Acta Psychopathologica · doi:10.4172/2469-6676.100078
Development of an online skills training platform for autistic adults: A participatory approach
Doorn, G. H. V., Klein, B., Edwards, S. L., Shandley, K. A., & Caine, J. A. (2024) · Research in Autism · doi:10.1016/j.rasd.2024.102407
Alexithymia and Autism Spectrum Disorder
Fujino, J., Qian, C., & Tei, S. (2024) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-32046-0_51-1
Alexithymia and Autism Spectrum Disorder
Fujino, J., Qian, C., & Tei, S. (2025) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-73363-5_51
Flockton, J. R., McCall, C., & Preston, C. (2025) · Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2025.1688172
Terapia integracji sensorycznej w Polsce. Fakty, mity, analiza fenomenu
Sternak, A. (2025) · Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego eBooks · doi:10.31338/uw.9788323568131
Reddy, D. U., Kumar, K. V. P., Ramakrishna, B., & Umaiorubagam, G. S. (2025) · Assistive Technology · doi:10.1080/10400435.2025.2591215
Brouche, S., Rigal, N., Paroissin, C., Bouaziz, N., Baleyte, J., & de la Combe, F. C.-J. (2026) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2026.1783075
Impact of indoor environment quality on autistic behaviours in autism schools of Saudi Arabia
Qutub, R. A., Luo, Z., Essah, E., Tavassoli, T., Marcham, H., & Qihong, D. (2026) · Environmental Pollution · doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2026.127992
- Authors
- Elwin, M., Ek, L., Kjellin, L., & Schröder, A.
- Affiliations
- Örebro University (SE)
- Blekingesjukhuset (SE)
- Örebro County Council (SE)
- Corresponding author
- Elwin, Marie
- Venue
- Journal of Intellectual & Developmental Disability
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2013-07-23
- Volume
- 38
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 232-241
- ISSN
- 0045-0634 (ISSN-L)
- 1366-8250
- 1469-9532
- OpenAlex
- W2097008059
- Cited by
- 50
- References
- 41
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 1 · 2014: 2 · 2013: 1
- FWCI
- 1.46
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Intellectual & Developmental Disability (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Child Nutrition and Feeding Issues
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Family and Disability Support Research
- Keywords
- autism spectrum disorder, sensory reactivity, sensory overload, sensory preference, sensory processing, high-functioning autism, sensory experience
- MeSH terms
- Adaptation, Psychological, Adolescent, Adult, Attention, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Child Development Disorders, Pervasive, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Perception, Sensation Disorders, Cohort Studies, Young Adult
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
