Sensory Processing in Autism: A Review of Neurophysiologic Findings
Open accessAbstract
Atypical sensory-based behaviors are a ubiquitous feature of autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). In this article, we review the neural underpinnings of sensory processing in autism by reviewing the literature on neurophysiological responses to auditory, tactile, and visual stimuli in autistic individuals. We review studies of unimodal sensory processing and multisensory integration that use a variety of neuroimaging techniques, including electroencephalography (EEG), magnetoencephalography (MEG), and functional MRI. We then explore the impact of covert and overt attention on sensory processing. With additional characterization, neurophysiologic profiles of sensory processing in ASD may serve as valuable biomarkers for diagnosis and monitoring of therapeutic interventions for autism and reveal potential strategies and target brain regions for therapeutic interventions.
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EEG studies have been most heavily applied in the auditory domain.
“Studies using EEG have been most heavily applied in the auditory domain (for a review see Marco et al. (2011)).”
From Behavioral, Perceptual, and Neural Alterations in Sensory and Multisensory Function in Autism Spectrum Disorder (2015) · cites this paper as Marco et al. (2011)
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Lord, C., Brugha, T. S., Charman, T., Cusack, J., Dumas, G., Frazier, T., Jones, E. J. H., Jones, R. M., Pickles, A., State, M. W., et al. (2020) · Nature Reviews Disease Primers · doi:10.1038/s41572-019-0138-4 · Cited by 1,859 · see citing works
Identification, Evaluation, and Management of Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder
Hyman, S. L., Levy, S. E., Myers, S. M., COUNCIL ON CHILDREN WITH DISABILITIES, S. O. D. A. B. P., Kuo, D. Z., Apkon, S., Davidson, L. F., Ellerbeck, K. A., Foster, J. E. A., Noritz, G. H., et al. (2020) · Pediatrics · doi:10.1542/peds.2019-3447 · Cited by 1,548 · see citing works
From the genetic architecture to synaptic plasticity in autism spectrum disorder
Bourgeron, T. (2015) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn3992 · Cited by 975 · see citing works
An aberrant precision account of autism
Lawson, R. P., Rees, G., & Friston, K. J. (2014) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2014.00302 · Cited by 641 · see citing works
Salience Network–Based Classification and Prediction of Symptom Severity in Children With Autism
Uddin, L. Q., Supekar, K., Lynch, C. J., Khouzam, A., Phillips, J., Feinstein, C., Ryali, S., & Menon, V. (2013) · JAMA Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2013.104 · Cited by 621 · see citing works
The impact of atypical sensory processing on social impairments in autism spectrum disorder
Thye, M. D., Bednarz, H. M., Herringshaw, A. J., Sartin, E. B., & Kana, R. K. (2018) · Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.dcn.2017.04.010 · Cited by 513 · see citing works
“In recent years, however, research focusing on the sensory domain has found that sensory processing abnormalities in ASD (see Baum et al., 2015; or Marco et al., 2011; for reviews) are reported across all ages and levels of symptom severity (Leekam et al., 2007) and adversely affect both daily…”
Multisensory temporal integration in autism spectrum disorders
Stevenson, R. A., Siemann, J. K., Schneider, B. C., Eberly, H. E., Woynaroski, T. G., Camarata, S. M., & Wallace, M. T. (2014) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.3615-13.2014 · Cited by 482 · see citing works
Baum, S. H., Stevenson, R. A., & Wallace, M. T. (2015) · Progress in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/j.pneurobio.2015.09.007 · Cited by 370 · see citing works
Bayesian approaches to autism: Towards volatility, action, and behavior.
Palmer, C. J., Lawson, R. P., & Hohwy, J. (2017) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/bul0000097 · Cited by 307 · see citing works
Unreliable evoked responses in autism
Dinstein, I., Heeger, D. J., Lorenzi, L., Minshew, N. J., Malach, R., & Behrmann, M. (2012) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2012.07.026 · Cited by 318 · see citing works
Autism: A “Critical Period” Disorder?
LeBlanc, J. J., & Fagiolini, M. (2011) · Neural Plasticity · doi:10.1155/2011/921680 · Cited by 301 · see citing works
Mason, D., Ingham, B., Urbanowicz, A., Michael, C., Birtles, H., Woodbury-Smith, M., Brown, T., James, I., Scarlett, C., Nicolaidis, C., et al. (2019) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-019-04049-2 · Cited by 291 · see citing works
Single-cell brain organoid screening identifies developmental defects in autism
Li, C., Fleck, J. S., Martins-Costa, C., Burkard, T. R., Themann, J., Stuempflen, M., Peer, A. M., Vertesy, Á., Littleboy, J. B., Esk, C., et al. (2023) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-023-06473-y · Cited by 283 · see citing works
Sensory Symptoms in Autism Spectrum Disorders
Hazen, E. P., Stornelli, J. L., O’Rourke, J. A., Koesterer, K., & McDougle, C. J. (2014) · Harvard Review of Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/01.hrp.0000445143.08773.58 · Cited by 274 · see citing works
Foxe, J. J., Molholm, S., Del Bene, V. A., Frey, H.-P., Russo, N. N., Blanco, D., Saint-Amour, D., & Ross, L. A. (2015) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bht213 · Cited by 263 · see citing works
Update of a Meta-analysis of Sensory Symptoms in ASD: A New Decade of Research
Ben-Sasson, A., Gal, E., Fluss, R., Katz-Zetler, N., & Cermak, S. A. (2019) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-019-04180-0 · Cited by 263 · see citing works
Brandwein, A. B., Foxe, J. J., Butler, J. S., Russo, N. N., Altschuler, T. S., Gomes, H., & Molholm, S. (2013) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhs109 · Cited by 236 · see citing works
Overreactive brain responses to sensory stimuli in youth with autism spectrum disorders
Green, S. A., Rudie, J. D., Colich, N. L., Wood, J. J., Shirinyan, D., Hernandez, L., Tottenham, N., Dapretto, M., & Bookheimer, S. Y. (2013) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jaac.2013.08.004 · Cited by 207 · see citing works
Oxytocin mediates early experience-dependent cross-modal plasticity in the sensory cortices
Zheng, J.-J., Li, S.-J., Zhang, X.-D., Miao, W.-Y., Zhang, D., Yao, H., & Yu, X. (2014) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn.3634 · Cited by 206 · see citing works
Atypical interoception as a common risk factor for psychopathology: A review
Brewer, R., Murphy, J., & Bird, G. (2021) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.07.036 · Cited by 180 · see citing works
Schwartz, S., Shinn-Cunningham, B., & Tager-Flusberg, H. (2018) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.01.008 · Cited by 137 · see citing works
Chang, Y.-S., Owen, J. P., Desai, S. S., Hill, S. S., Arnett, A. B., Harris, J., Marco, E. J., & Mukherjee, P. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0103038 · Cited by 149 · see citing works
Self-citationInterplay between Oxytocin and Sensory Systems in the Orchestration of Socio-Emotional Behaviors
Grinevich, V., & Stoop, R. (2018) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2018.07.016 · Cited by 139 · see citing works
Davis, R., & Crompton, C. J. (2021) · Perspectives on Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/1745691620958010 · Cited by 136 · see citing works
Uljarević, M., Baranek, G., Vivanti, G., Hedley, D., Hudry, K., & Lane, A. (2017) · Autism Research · doi:10.1002/aur.1747 · Cited by 131 · see citing works
Empathy in autism Spectrum disorder
Harmsen, I. E. (2019) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-019-04087-w · Cited by 129 · see citing works
Veenstra-VanderWeele, J., & Blakely, R. D. (2012) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/npp.2011.185 · Cited by 128 · see citing works
Bast, N., Poustka, L., & Freitag, C. M. (2018) · European Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1111/ejn.13795 · Cited by 121 · see citing works
Reduced multisensory facilitation in persons with autism
Collignon, O., Charbonneau, G., Peters, F., Nassim, M., Lassonde, M., Lepore, F., Mottron, L., & Bertone, A. (2013) · Cortex · doi:10.1016/j.cortex.2012.06.001 · Cited by 114 · see citing works
Children born prematurely have atypical sensory profiles
Wickremasinghe, A. C., Rogers, E. E., Johnson, B. C., Shen, A., Barkovich, A. J., & Marco, E. J. (2013) · Journal of Perinatology · doi:10.1038/jp.2013.12 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
Self-citationBölte, S., Lawson, W. B., Marschik, P. B., & Girdler, S. (2021) · BioEssays · doi:10.1002/bies.202000254 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
Igelström, K. M., Webb, T. W., & Graziano, M. S. A. (2016) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhw079 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Dargenio, V. N., Dargenio, C., Castellaneta, S., De Giacomo, A., Laguardia, M., Schettini, F., Francavilla, R., & Cristofori, F. (2023) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu15071620 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
Mash, L. E., Linke, A. C., Olson, L. A., Fishman, I., Liu, T. T., & Müller, R. (2019) · Human Brain Mapping · doi:10.1002/hbm.24529 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Sensory Processing and Eating Behaviours in Autism: A Systematic Review
Nimbley, E., Golds, L., Sharpe, H., Gillespie‐Smith, K., & Duffy, F. (2022) · European Eating Disorders Review · doi:10.1002/erv.2920 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Altered tactile processing in children with autism spectrum disorder
Tavassoli, T., Bellesheim, K., Tommerdahl, M., Holden, J. M., Kolevzon, A., & Buxbaum, J. D. (2016) · Autism Research · doi:10.1002/aur.1563 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Tsuji, S., Yuhi, T., Furuhara, K., Ohta, S., Shimizu, Y., & Higashida, H. (2015) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2015.00058 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
The Differential Diagnosis of Anxiety Disorders in Cognitively-Able Youth With Autism
Kerns, C. M., Rump, K., Worley, J., Kratz, H., McVey, A., Herrington, J., & Miller, J. (2016) · Cognitive and Behavioral Practice · doi:10.1016/j.cbpra.2015.11.004 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Approaches to Understanding Multisensory Dysfunction in Autism Spectrum Disorder
Siemann, J. K., Veenstra‐VanderWeele, J., & Wallace, M. T. (2020) · Autism Research · doi:10.1002/aur.2375 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Sedgwick-Müller, J. A., Müller-Sedgwick, U., Adamou, M., Catani, M., Champ, R., Gudjónsson, G., Hank, D., Pitts, M., Young, S., & Asherson, P. (2022) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-022-03898-z · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Links between multisensory processing and autism
Donohue, S. E., Darling, E. F., & Mitroff, S. R. (2012) · Experimental Brain Research · doi:10.1007/s00221-012-3223-4 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Greenfield, K., Ropar, D., Smith, A. D., Carey, M., & Newport, R. (2015) · Molecular Autism · doi:10.1186/s13229-015-0045-9 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Garcia-Pino, E., Gessele, N., & Koch, U. (2017) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.2310-16.2017 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
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Palmer, C. J., Paton, B., Hohwy, J., & Enticott, P. G. (2013) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2013.06.020 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Circuits for social learning: a unified model and application to autism spectrum disorder
DeMayo, M. M., Young, L. J., Hickie, I. B., Song, Y. J. C., & Guastella, A. J. (2019) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.09.034 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Too much or too little: Hyper- and hypo-reactivity in high-functioning autism spectrum conditions
Elwin, M., Ek, L., Kjellin, L., & Schröder, A. (2013) · Journal of Intellectual & Developmental Disability · doi:10.3109/13668250.2013.815694 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Buckley, E., Pellicano, E., & Remington, A. (2021) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-020-04517-0 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
The Influence of Task Difficulty and Participant Age on Balance Control in ASD
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Eating Behaviors of Children with Autism—Pilot Study
Brzóska, A., Kazek, B., Kozioł, K., Kapinos-Gorczyca, A., Ferlewicz, M., Babraj, A., Makosz-Raczek, A., Likus, W., Paprocka, J., Matusik, P., et al. (2021) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu13082687 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
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“…sensory processing in ASD individuals has been extensively documented for a wide range of domains, including auditory, touch, vision, and social stimuli (Marco et al. 2011; O’Connor 2012; Nomi and Uddin 2015; DeBoth and Reynolds 2017; Balasco et al. 2020; Chung and Son 2020; Iannuzzo et al. 2022).”
BackgroundFoster, N. E. V., Ouimet, T., Tryfon, A., Doyle-Thomas, K., Anagnostou, E., & Hyde, K. L. (2016) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-015-2684-2 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Electrophysiological alterations in motor-auditory predictive coding in autism spectrum disorder
van Laarhoven, T., Stekelenburg, J. J., Eussen, M. L. J. M., & Vroomen, J. (2019) · Autism Research · doi:10.1002/aur.2087 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
A systematic review of the evidence for hyporesponsivity in ASD
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Goldschmidt, J. (2017) · Qualitative Health Research · doi:10.1177/1049732316644415 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Auditory Deficits in Audiovisual Speech Perception in Adult Asperger’s Syndrome: fMRI Study
Tietze, F.-A., Hundertmark, L., Roy, M., Zerr, M., Sinke, C., Wiswede, D., Walter, M., Münte, T. F., & Szycik, G. R. (2019) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02286 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
“Previous studies of auditory perception in adults with AS have shown abnormalities in unimodal auditory processing even on low-level stages of the auditory stream (Marco et al., 2011).”
BackgroundAtypical Sensory Characteristics in Autism Spectrum Disorders
Morimoto, Y., Imamura, A., Yamamoto, N., Kanegae, S., Ozawa, H., & Iwanaga, R. (2021) · Autism Spectrum Disorders · doi:10.36255/exonpublications.autismspectrumdisorders.2021.atypicalsensorycharacteristics · Cited by 12 · see citing works
“Atypical sensory features are found in multiple sensory domains (12).”
Background
- Authors
- MARCO, E. J., HINKLEY, L. B. N., HILL, S. S., & NAGARAJAN, S. S.
- Affiliations
- University of California, San Francisco (US)
- Corresponding author
- MARCO, ELYSA J.
- Venue
- Pediatric Research
- Published
- 2011-05
- Volume
- 69
- Issue
- 5 Part 2
- Pages
- 48R-54R
- ISSN
- 0031-3998 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3086654
- OpenAlex
- W2006079595
- Cited by
- 1,112
- References
- 100
- Citations by year
- 2026: 118 · 2025: 115 · 2024: 83 · 2023: 99 · 2022: 87 · 2021: 101 · 2020: 76 · 2019: 71 · 2018: 75 · 2017: 67 · 2016: 54 · 2015: 48 · 2014: 52 · 2013: 41 · 2012: 15
- FWCI
- 3.08
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Pediatric Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (K23MH083890)
- National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (R01DC004855)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetics and Neurodevelopmental Disorders
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Multisensory perception and integration
- Keywords
- autism spectrum disorder, sensory processing, multisensory integration, auditory processing, tactile processing, visual processing, attention, neurophysiological responses, biomarkers, therapeutic interventions
- MeSH terms
- Attention, Auditory Perceptual Disorders, Autistic Disorder, Humans, Visual Perception, Touch Perception
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