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PreprintCited by 1Philosophy and Theoretical ScienceVisual perception and processing mechanismsPhenomenology and Existential Philosophy

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The unfathomable richness of seeing

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Haun, Andrew, Tononi, Giulio·2024
DOI 10.31234/osf.io/jmg35
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Abstract

Most experts hold that visual experience is remarkably sparse and its apparent richness is illusory. Indeed, we fail to notice the vast majority of what we think we see, and seem to rely instead on a high-level summary of a visual scene. However, we argue here that seeing is much more than noticing, and is in fact unfathomably rich. We distinguish among three levels of visual phenomenology: a high-level description of a scene based on the categorization of “objects,” an intermediate level composed of “groupings” of simple visual features such as colors, and a base-level visual field composed of “spots” and their spatial relations. We illustrate that it is impossible to see the objects that underlie a high-level description without seeing the groupings that compose them, and we cannot see the groupings without seeing the visual field to which they are bound. We then argue that the way the visual field feels—its spatial extendedness—can only be accounted for by a phenomenal structure composed of innumerable distinctions and relations. It follows that most of what we see has no functional counterpart—it cannot be used, reported, or remembered. And yet we see it.

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  • IIT offers an explanation for why intelligence and consciousness may tend to co-evolve in biological organisms: selective pressure for intelligence, acting on resource-limited substrates such as brains, typically leads to an increase in integration among the parts of a system.

    “We showed previously that IIT offers an explanation for why intelligence and consciousness may tend to co-evolve in biological organisms: selective pressure for intelligence, acting on resource-limited substrates such as brains, typically leads to an increase in integration among the parts of a system [94,95].”

    From Dissociating Artificial Intelligence from Artificial Consciousness (2024) · cites this paper as [94]

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Metadata

Authors
Haun, A., & Tononi, G.
Affiliations
University of Wisconsin–Madison (US)
ORCID
Publisher
Center for Open Science
Published
2024-04-19
DOI
10.31234/osf.io/jmg35
OpenAlex
W4394947798
Cited by
1
References
73
Citations by year
2025: 1
Type
posted content
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
PsyArXiv (OSF Preprints) (submittedVersion, public-domain)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Philosophy › Philosophy and Theoretical Science
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Visual perception and processing mechanisms
  • Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Philosophy › Phenomenology and Existential Philosophy
Keywords
visual experience, visual phenomenology, object classification, feature grouping, visual field, visual perception

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