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Removal of cholesterol by lactobacilli via incorporation and conversion to coprostanol
Open accessAbstract
Fifteen strains of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium were screened based on their ability to adhere to hydrocarbons via the determination of cellular hydrophobicity. Lactobacillus acidophilus ATCC 314, L. acidophilus FTCC 0291, Lactobacillus bulgaricus FTCC 0411, L. bulgaricus FTDC 1311, and L. casei ATCC 393 showed greater hydrophobicity and, thus, were selected for examination of cholesterol-removal properties. All selected strains showed changes in cellular fatty acid compositions, especially total fatty acids and saturated and unsaturated fatty acids in the presence of cholesterol compared with those grown in the absence of cholesterol. In addition, we found that cells grown in media containing cholesterol were more resistant to sonication and enzymatic lysis compared with those grown without cholesterol. We further evaluated the location of the incorporated cholesterol via the insertion of fluorescence probes into the cellular membrane. In general, enrichment of cholesterol was found in the regions of the phospholipid tails, upper phospholipids, and polar heads of the cellular membrane phospholipid bilayer. Our results also showed that lactobacilli were able to reduce cholesterol via conversion of cholesterol to coprostanol, aided by the ability of strains to produce cholesterol reductase. Our results provided experimental evidence to strengthen the hypothesis that probiotics could remove cholesterol via the incorporation of cholesterol into the cellular membrane and conversion of cholesterol to coprostanol. The strains studied may be potential health adjunct cultures in fermented dairy products with possible in vivo hypocholesterolemic effects.
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“It has been also hypothesized that the bacterial cells can remove cholesterol from circulation by passively adsorbing it onto their membranes [99] or by assimilating it during cell growth [141].”
From Lactic Acid Bacteria Exopolysaccharides Producers: A Sustainable Tool for Functional Foods (2021) · cites this paper as [141]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Lye, H.-S., Rusul, G., & Liong, M.-T.
- Affiliations
- Universiti Sains Malaysia (MY)
- Corresponding author
- Liong, M.-T.
- ORCID
- Liong, M.-T.
- Venue
- Journal of Dairy Science
- Publisher
- American Dairy Science Association
- Published
- 2010-04
- Volume
- 93
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 1383-1392
- ISSN
- 0022-0302 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2051235818
- Cited by
- 338
- References
- 28
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 21 · 2024: 21 · 2023: 27 · 2022: 28 · 2021: 37 · 2020: 27 · 2019: 28 · 2018: 24 · 2017: 20 · 2016: 19 · 2015: 14 · 2014: 18 · 2013: 12 · 2012: 20
- FWCI
- 22.05
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Dairy Science (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- eScienceFund
- Malaysian Ministry of Science
- Technology and Innovation
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Probiotics and Fermented Foods
- Physical Sciences › Chemistry › Organic Chemistry › Steroid Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Biochemistry › Cholesterol and Lipid Metabolism
- Keywords
- cholesterol removal, coprostanol, Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, probiotics, membrane phospholipids, fatty acid composition, cell membrane stability, cholesterol-lowering effect, fermented dairy products, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus bulgaricus, Lactobacillus casei
- MeSH terms
- Bifidobacterium, Cell Membrane, Cholesterol, Cholestanol, Fatty Acids, Humans, Hypercholesterolemia, Lactobacillus, Oxidoreductases, Sonication, Probiotics, Cultured Milk Products
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