Feeding oregano oil and its main component carvacrol does not affect ruminal fermentation, nutrient utilization, methane emissions, milk production, or milk fatty acid composition of dairy cows
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Because of their antimicrobial properties, essential oils and their components have been suggested as alternatives to other antimicrobials (e.g., monensin) that are commonly fed to ruminants to improve nutrient utilization and enhance feed efficiency and milk performance. In this study, we evaluated the potential of oregano oil and its main component (carvacrol) as rumen modifiers. For this purpose, 8 ruminally cannulated lactating dairy cows (92 ± 11 d in milk, 36.5 ± 7.6 kg of milk yield, and 703 ± 74 kg of body weight) were used in a double 4 × 4 Latin square (28-d periods). Cows were fed 1 of the 4 following treatments: (1) control (CTL, no additive); (2) monensin [MON, 24 mg/kg of dry matter (DM)]; (3) oregano oil (ORE, 50 mg/kg of DM); and (4) carvacrol (CAR, 50 mg/kg of DM). Cows were fed (ad libitum intake) a total mixed ration consisting of 60% forages (corn silage and alfalfa silage) and 40% concentrates, on a DM basis. Feeding ORE and CAR had no effect on nutrient total-tract apparent digestibility, N utilization, rumen fermentation (i.e., pH, ammonia, volatile fatty acids), protozoa counts, or milk performance. Feeding MON increased the molar proportion of propionate and tended to increase total-tract apparent digestibility of crude protein. None of the feed additives evaluated affected enteric methane production (491 g/d, 21.1 g/kg of DM intake, 6.14% of gross energy intake on average). Milk fatty acid composition was not changed by ORE or CAR, but MON increased the proportion of trans-10 18:1, an intermediate of ruminal biohydrogenation. Thus, when included at 50 mg/kg of dietary dry matter, neither oregano oil nor carvacrol favorably altered rumen fermentation, improved nutrient utilization or milk performance, or mitigated enteric methane emissions in dairy cows.
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Some studies showed contrary findings: feeding oregano essential oil did not reduce CH4 yield and had no effect on animal performance and rumen fermentation.
“Some studies involving supplementation of EO in ruminants have shown contrary findings as the feeding of oregano EO did not reduce CH4 yield together with no effect on animal performance and rumen fermentation (240, 248).”
From Phytogenic Additives Can Modulate Rumen Microbiome to Mediate Fermentation Kinetics and Methanogenesis Through Exploiting Diet–Microbe Interaction (2020) · cites this paper as [240]
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- Authors
- Benchaar, C.
- Affiliations
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (CA)
- Corresponding author
- Benchaar, C.
- ORCID
- Benchaar, C.
- Venue
- Journal of Dairy Science
- Publisher
- American Dairy Science Association
- Published
- 2020-02
- Volume
- 103
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 1516-1527
- ISSN
- 0022-0302 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2991184307
- Cited by
- 78
- References
- 39
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 17 · 2023: 19 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 6
- FWCI
- 9.48
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Dairy Science (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Federal Open Science Repository of Canada / Le Dépôt fédéral de science ouverte du Canada (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Agronomy and Crop Science › Ruminant Nutrition and Digestive Physiology
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Animal Science and Zoology › Animal Nutrition and Physiology
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Agronomy and Crop Science › Milk Quality and Mastitis in Dairy Cows
- Keywords
- oregano essential oil, carvacrol, rumen modifiers, rumen fermentation, enteric methane, monensin, dairy cattle, milk fatty acid composition, nutrient digestibility, volatile fatty acids, rumen protozoa, antimicrobial feed additives, rumen biohydrogenation, milk production
- MeSH terms
- Nutrients, Cymenes, Medicago sativa, Animals, Energy Intake, Cattle, Zea mays, Diet, Fatty Acids, Female, Fermentation, Lactation, Methane, Milk, Oils, Volatile, Rumen, Silage, Origanum
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