Effects of kefir or milk supplementation on zonulin in overweight subjects
Open accessAbstract
Increased intestinal permeability has been shown to be involved in several diseases associated with low-grade chronic inflammation, including obesity and metabolic syndrome. In the last decade, growing evidence shows the beneficial effects of probiotic-containing food supplementation on these conditions. In this crossover intervention study on 28 asymptomatic overweight adults, we tested the effects of a 3-wk kefir supplementation compared with a 3-wk milk supplementation on serum zonulin levels. The effects on serum glucose, triacylglycerols, low-density lipoproteins, high-density lipoproteins, total cholesterol, markers of inflammation (C-reactive protein and adiponectin), anthropometric variables, mood, and appetite were also determined. Kefir supplementation resulted in a greater improvement of serum zonulin levels ( F = 6.812, η 2 = 0.275), whereas a significant yet similar improvement in lipid profile and serum glucose levels was found in both supplementations. Positive mood was slightly but significantly enhanced with kefir supplementation, and reduced with milk supplementation. The C-reactive protein, adiponectin, and appetite were unaffected. In conclusion, supplementation with both dairy products had health beneficial effects, but only kefir showed an effect on the intestinal barrier dysfunction marker.
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In 28 healthy, overweight and asymptomatic adults, use of kefir modified serum zonulin concentration.
“A study encompassing 28 healthy, overweight and asymptomatic adults found that the use of kefir modified serum zonulin concentration (26) (Table 1).”
From Kefir and Intestinal Microbiota Modulation: Implications in Human Health (2021) · cites this paper as [26]
Consequently, there was control of low-grade chronic inflammation generated in cases of altered intestinal permeability, as has been proposed in obesity.
“Consequently, there was a control of low grade chronic inflammation generated in cases of altered intestinal permeability, as has been proposed in obesity (26).”
From Kefir and Intestinal Microbiota Modulation: Implications in Human Health (2021) · cites this paper as [26]
The probiotic capacity of kefir was able to modulate intestinal microbiota composition, which prevented excessive intestinal permeability by increasing serum zonulin concentrations.
“The probiotic capacity of kefir was able to modulate intestinal microbiota composition, which prevented excessive intestinal permeability by increasing serum zonulin concentrations.”
From Kefir and Intestinal Microbiota Modulation: Implications in Human Health (2021) · cites this paper as [26]
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Kefir and Intestinal Microbiota Modulation: Implications in Human Health
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- Authors
- Pražnikar, Z. J., Kenig, S., Vardjan, T., Bizjak, M. Č., & Petelin, A.
- Affiliations
- University of Primorska (SI)
- Corresponding author
- Petelin, A.
- Venue
- Journal of Dairy Science
- Publisher
- American Dairy Science Association
- Published
- 2020-05
- Volume
- 103
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 3961-3970
- ISSN
- 0022-0302 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W3012324733
- Cited by
- 69
- References
- 14
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 16 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 18 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 2
- FWCI
- 6.33
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Dairy Science (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Javna Agencija za Raziskovalno Dejavnost RS (J3-8209, P1-0386)
- European Social Fund
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Probiotics and Fermented Foods
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Gastroenterology › Gastrointestinal motility and disorders
- Keywords
- kefir, milk supplementation, zonulin, intestinal permeability, overweight, probiotics, dairy products, intestinal barrier dysfunction, C-reactive protein, adiponectin, mood, appetite, lipid profile, serum glucose, obesity, metabolic syndrome
- MeSH terms
- Kefir, Adult, Animals, Female, Haptoglobins, Humans, Intestinal Absorption, Intestinal Mucosa, Male, Middle Aged, Milk, Protein Precursors, Triglycerides, Biomarkers, Cross-Over Studies, Overweight
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