Effects of probiotics on body adiposity and cardiovascular risk markers in individuals with overweight and obesity: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Abstract
Background & aims Evidence suggests that gut microbiota is a potential factor in the pathophysiology of both obesity and related metabolic disorders. While individual randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have evaluated the effects of probiotics on adiposity and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors in subjects with overweight and obesity, the results are inconsistent. Thus, this systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the effects of probiotic supplementation on body weight, body adiposity and CVD risk markers in overweight and obese subjects.Methods A systematic search for RCTs published up to December 2020 was conducted in MEDLINE (via PubMed), EMBASE, Scopus and LILACS. Meta-analysis using a random-effects model was chosen to analyze the impact of combined trials.Results Twenty-six RCTs (n = 1720) were included. Data pooling showed a significant effect of probiotics in reducing body weight (MD:-0.70 kg; 95%CI:-1.04,-0.35 kg; P < 0.0001), body mass index (BMI) (MD:-0.24 kg/m 2; 95%CI:-0.35,-0.12 kg/m 2; P = 0.0001), waist circumference (WC) (MD:-1.13 cm; 95%CI:-1.54,-0.73 cm; P < 0.0001), fat mass (MD:-0.71 kg; 95%CI:-1.10,-0.32 kg; P = 0.0004), tumor necrosis factor-α (MD:-0.16 pg/ml; 95%CI:-0.24,-0.08 pg/ml; P = 0.0001), insulin (MD:-0.85mcU/ml; 95%CI:-1.50,-0.21mcU/ml; P = 0.010), total cholesterol (MD:-0.16 mmol/l; 95%CI:-0.26,-0.05 mmol/l; P = 0.003) and LDL (MD:-0.09 mmol/l; 95%CI:-0.16,-0.03 mmol/l; P = 0.006) compared with control groups. There was a significant decrease in body weight, BMI and WC in studies using both single and multi-bacterial species. Decreases in body adiposity parameters were only observed in studies using a probiotic dose of ≥ 10 10 CFU and for ≥8 weeks duration.Conclusions The present meta-analysis suggests that probiotics consumption may be helpful for improving body weight, body adiposity and some CVD risk markers in individuals with overweight and obesity. The review was registered on PROSPERO (International prospective register of systematic reviews): CRD42020183136.
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Recent meta-analyses have shown that probiotic intake can have health-promoting effects on body adiposity and glycemic and lipid levels in overweight or obesity.
“Recent meta-analyses have also shown that probiotic intake can have health-promoting effects on body adiposity and glycemic and lipid levels in overweight or obesity(Mayta-Tovalino et al., 2023; Perna et al., 2021; Pontes et al., 2021; Tomé-Castro et al., 2021).”
From Impact of probiotics on weight loss, glucose and lipid metabolism in overweight or obese women: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (2024) · cites this paper as Pontes et al., 2021
Systematic reviews show that consuming probiotics causes overweight and obese people to lose weight, but the weight loss and reduction in waist circumference and visceral fat is small.
“Systematic reviews have shown that by consuming probiotics [137,138,139,140], overweight and obese people lose weight, but the weight loss and reduction in waist circumference and visceral fat is small [137,138,139,140].”
From The Potential Impact of Probiotics on Human Health: An Update on Their Health-Promoting Properties (2024) · cites this paper as [139]
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- Authors
- Pontes, K. S. D. S., Guedes, M. R., Cunha, M. R. D., Mattos, S. D. S., Barreto Silva, M. I., Neves, M. F., Marques, B. C. A. A., & Klein, M. R. S. T.
- Affiliations
- Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (BR)
- Corresponding author
- Pontes, Karine Scanci da Silva
- Guedes, Marcella Rodrigues
- Cunha, Michelle Rabello da
- Marques, Bianca Cristina Antunes Alves
- Klein, Márcia Regina Simas Torres
- ORCID
- Venue
- Clinical Nutrition
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2021-08
- Volume
- 40
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 4915-4931
- ISSN
- 0261-5614 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W3182612834
- Cited by
- 86
- References
- 95
- Citations by year
- 2026: 15 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 24 · 2022: 18 · 2021: 2
- FWCI
- 1.34
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Clinical Nutrition (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Probiotics and Fermented Foods
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases
- Keywords
- probiotics, obesity, overweight, adiposity, cardiovascular risk markers, gut microbiota, body weight, body mass index, waist circumference, fat mass, TNF-α, insulin, cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, blood pressure, blood glucose, fasting insulin, fasting blood glucose, serum lipids, coagulation, inflammation, probiotic supplementation
- MeSH terms
- Gastrointestinal Microbiome, Heart Disease Risk Factors, Adult, Body Weight, Cardiovascular Diseases, Cardiovascular System, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Obesity, Weight Loss, Body Mass Index, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Probiotics, Adiposity, Overweight, Waist Circumference
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