Blood parameters of young calves at abattoirs are related to distance transported and farm of origin
Open accessAbstract
Nonreplacement dairy calves, or bobby calves, are fasted and transported to abattoirs from as young as 5 d of age in Australia. The aims of this cross-sectional observational study were (1) to assess the welfare status, as measured by blood parameters, of bobby calves in the commercial supply chain after transport and lairage, and (2) to assess whether distance and duration of transport are risk factors for poor bobby calf welfare, as measured by blood parameters. We hypothesized that bobby calves transported greater distances would be more likely to show evidence of compromised welfare, as measured by blood indicators of hydration, energy status, and muscle fatigue or damage. We also hypothesized that there would be a large amount of variability in indicators of energy status between calves from different farms. We analyzed blood samples collected at slaughter over a spring and an autumn calving period from 4,484 Australian bobby calves aged approximately 5 to 14 d old from 3 different states, after transport, fasting, and lairage. Packed cell volume (PCV), plasma glucose, and serum urea, total protein, β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB), and creatine kinase (CK) were measured. Radio frequency identification ear tag data were used to estimate the distance that the calves were transported and to identify the farm of origin. Data were analyzed using linear mixed models, except for BHB, which was analyzed using a Goodman-Kruskal gamma test due to left censoring of the data. Twelve percent of calves showed evidence of anemia (PCV less than 0.23 L/L), and 11% had urea concentrations consistent with dehydration (urea more than 7.7 mmol/L). Thirty-six percent of calves had CK activity above normal resting values, and 1% of calves had CK >2,000 U/L, indicating muscle fatigue or damage. Distance transported had significant effects on all blood variables except urea and BHB. With increasing distance transported, calves were more likely to show evidence of a negative energy balance (low plasma glucose) or dehydration (high PCV or total protein). The estimated effect of distance overall was small, but for calves transported more than 500 km, plasma glucose concentration declined more per kilometer. The calves' farm of origin accounted for a reasonable amount of the random variation between calves for plasma glucose (20%). Our results suggest that longer transport distances may increase the risk of poor calf welfare (dehydration, negative energy balance) after transport, and on-farm calf management (e.g., nutrition, timing of feeding before transport) may affect transported calves' energy status; improving this area could result in better energy availability during fasting.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Extended transport durations and long stays in assembly centers are associated with hypoglycaemia.
“Extended transport durations and long stays in assembly centers are associated with hypoglycaemia (11).”
From Effect of source and journey on physiological variables in calves transported by road and ferry between Ireland and the Netherlands (2023) · cites this paper as [11]
The Results report no significant effect of recorded transport-plus-lairage duration on any blood variable, and no significant effect of saleyard stopovers except on total protein. The paper does associate longer transport *distance* with lower plasma glucose, but that is not evidence that longer durations or assembly-center stays were associated with hypoglycaemia. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Checked by a reasoning model — may be wrong.
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredBoth cortisol and lactate have been shown to increase in response to transport in calves, whilst in other research, creatine kinase and lactate were not affected by transport but did increase in response to stocking density or exposure to prevailing weather.
“Both cortisol and lactate have been shown to increase in response to transport in calves (11, 17, 30), whilst in other research, creatine kinase and lactate were not affected by transport but did increase in response to stocking density or exposure to prevailing weather (11, 15, 36).”
From Effect of source and journey on physiological variables in calves transported by road and ferry between Ireland and the Netherlands (2023) · cites this paper as [11]
Split into 2 atoms — 0 confirmed, 0 partially supported, 1 disputed, 0 misattributed, 1 unverifiable. Expand the claim to see per-atom verdicts.
Checked by a reasoning model — may be wrong.
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredPrevious research indicates that the physiological status of calves transported for longer distances is impacted to a greater degree, particularly in terms of energy balance, dehydration and muscle fatigue.
“Previous research has indicated that the physiological status of calves transported for longer distances is impacted to a greater degree [12], particularly in terms of energy balance, dehydration and muscle fatigue.”
From Observational study: effect of varying transport durations and feed withdrawal on the physiological status and health of dairy calves (2025) · cites this paper as [12]
The Discussion reports that longer transport distances were associated with lower glucose and higher packed cell volume and total protein, consistent with poorer energy balance and dehydration; it also says the estimated effects were small. It does not support greater muscle fatigue with longer distances: creatine kinase decreased as distance increased, an unexpected inverse relationship reiterated in the Conclusions. (LLM, conf=0.90)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredTransport of 18-20 h has been shown to negatively alter hematology and biochemistry.
“Transport (18–20 h) has been shown to negatively alter hematology (16) and biochemistry (11), and even short transport (2h) was shown to increase cortisol levels (17).”
From Effect of source and journey on physiological variables in calves transported by road and ferry between Ireland and the Netherlands (2023) · cites this paper as [11]
The Abstract and Discussion report that longer transport distances were associated with changes in packed cell volume, total protein, and glucose consistent with dehydration or negative energy balance. But the Results found no significant effect of transport-plus-lairage duration on any blood variable; the approximately 20-hour figure describes their combined duration, not 18–20 hours of transport shown to cause these changes. Page numbers are unavailable in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.87)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredEnergy demands may be higher during transport due to stress and constant readjustments to overcome the truck's movements and are compounded by infrequent feeding.
“Energy demands may be higher during transport due to stress and constant readjustments to overcome the truck's movements and are compounded by infrequent feeding (10, 11).”
From Effect of source and journey on physiological variables in calves transported by road and ferry between Ireland and the Netherlands (2023) · cites this paper as [11]
The Introduction describes transport and fasting as stressful for cattle and says young calves are vulnerable to energy depletion during fasting. The Discussion says lower glucose after longer transport could reflect longer fasting or greater energy utilization. The paper does not attribute increased energy demands to constant readjustments to a truck’s movements. (LLM, conf=0.83)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Electrolytes and total protein have been shown to increase in response to long-distance transport, although not all previous research found differences in potassium, sodium, magnesium, total protein, or urea after transport exceeding 18 h.
“Electrolytes and total protein have been shown to increase in response to long-distance transport (11, 16, 29), although not all previous research found differences in potassium, sodium, magnesium, total protein, or urea after transport exceeding 18 h (14–16, 30).”
From Effect of source and journey on physiological variables in calves transported by road and ferry between Ireland and the Netherlands (2023) · cites this paper as [11]
The Discussion reports that total protein increased with longer transport distances, but our copy does not report an increase in electrolytes. The Results report no significant effect of transport-and-lairage duration on the blood variables measured, and the Discussion reports no significant effect of distance on urea. Neither passage establishes the stated finding for transport exceeding 18 hours or for potassium, sodium, and magnesium. (LLM, conf=0.86)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredDistance has been shown to affect calf physiology; negative energy balance and dehydration are exacerbated by transport duration.
“Distance has also been shown to affect calf physiology; negative energy balance and dehydration are exacerbated by transport duration (11).”
From Effect of source and journey on physiological variables in calves transported by road and ferry between Ireland and the Netherlands (2023) · cites this paper as [11]
The Discussion (page unavailable) links longer transport distances to lower glucose and higher packed cell volume and total protein, consistent with negative energy balance and dehydration. But the Results (page unavailable) report no significant effects of measured transport-and-lairage duration on the blood variables. The source supports the distance claim, not the claim that these conditions worsen with duration. (LLM, conf=0.90)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredA negative energy balance has been reported following long fasting durations and transport, as demonstrated by a decrease in glucose and an increase in BHB and NEFA.
“A negative energy balance has been reported following long fasting durations and transport (11, 14–16), as demonstrated by a decrease in glucose and an increase in BHB and NEFA.”
From Effect of source and journey on physiological variables in calves transported by road and ferry between Ireland and the Netherlands (2023) · cites this paper as [11]
The Introduction (page unavailable) reports that transport and fasting in young calves have been associated with decreased glucose and increased BHB, indicating negative energy balance. The paper does not report an increase in NEFA; its own Results (page unavailable) found no significant association between transport distance and BHB. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe culmination of these cofactors can lead to an increased likelihood of altered physiological status and health.
“The culmination of these cofactors, albeit with unequal contributions, can lead to an increased likelihood of altered physiological status and health [10–12].”
From Observational study: effect of varying transport durations and feed withdrawal on the physiological status and health of dairy calves (2025) · cites this paper as [12]
These results reinforce conclusions drawn from previously published research data for calves transported over land for short and long durations, although these studies did not include a combination of ferry and lorry transport.
“Regardless, these results reinforce conclusions drawn from previously published research data for calves transported over land for short and long durations (11, 16, 27), although these studies did not include a combination of ferry and lorry transport.”
From Effect of source and journey on physiological variables in calves transported by road and ferry between Ireland and the Netherlands (2023) · cites this paper as [11]
In contrast to findings in previous research, neither total protein nor haematocrit concentrations varied outside the reference ranges throughout the journey, although an incremental increase in haematocrit was found between the SF/MA and lairage, which likely reflected the lack of water/milk intake during the transport.
“In contrast to findings in previous research (11, 30), neither total protein nor haematocrit concentrations varied outside the reference ranges throughout the journey, although an incremental increase in haematocrit was found between the SF/MA and lairage, which likely reflected the lack of water/milk intake during the transport.”
From Effect of source and journey on physiological variables in calves transported by road and ferry between Ireland and the Netherlands (2023) · cites this paper as [11]
Creatine kinase values were comparable to those of previous research and showed a similar accumulative increased pattern between the assembly center and veal farm.
“Creatine kinase values were comparable to those of previous research (11) and showed a similar accumulative increased pattern between the assembly center and veal farm.”
From Effect of source and journey on physiological variables in calves transported by road and ferry between Ireland and the Netherlands (2023) · cites this paper as [11]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing
R Core Team (2000) · doi:10.32614/r.manuals · Cited by 355,706 · see citing works
Fitting Linear Mixed-Effects Models Using <b>lme4</b>
Bates, D., Mächler, M., Bolker, B., & Walker, S. (2015) · Journal of Statistical Software · doi:10.18637/jss.v067.i01 · Cited by 86,835 · see citing works
<b>lmerTest</b> Package: Tests in Linear Mixed Effects Models
Kuznetsova, A., Brockhoff, P. B., & Christensen, R. H. B. (2017) · Journal of Statistical Software · doi:10.18637/jss.v082.i13 · Cited by 24,346 · see citing works
Modern Applied Statistics with S
Venables, W., & Ripley, B. (2010) · Statisctics and computing/Statistics and computing · doi:10.1007/978-0-387-21706-2 · Cited by 16,188 · see citing works
Modern Applied Statistics With S
Gloeckner, C. (2003) · Technometrics · doi:10.1198/tech.2003.s33 · Cited by 6,721 · see citing works
Bootstrap Methods and Their Application
Loughin, T. M., Davison, A. C., & HINKLEY, D. V. (1999) · Journal of the American Statistical Association · doi:10.2307/2669707 · Cited by 5,478 · see citing works
fitdistrplus : An R Package for Fitting Distributions
Delignette‐Muller, M. L., & Dutang, C. (2015) · Journal of Statistical Software · doi:10.18637/jss.v064.i04 · Cited by 2,391 · see citing works
Assessment of stress during handling and transport.
Grandin, T. (1997) · Journal of Animal Science · doi:10.2527/1997.751249x · Cited by 1,151 · see citing works
Bootstrap methods and their applications
Varga, L. (2018) · Eötvös Loránd Tudományegyetem · doi:10.15476/elte.2017.147 · Cited by 1,118 · see citing works
Duncan and Prasse's Veterinary Laboratory Medicine: Clinical Pathology
Prasse, K. W., Latimer, K. S., & Mahaffey, E. A. (2003) · Cited by 406 · see citing works
Stress, immunity, and the management of calves
Hulbert, L. E., & Moisá, S. J. (2016) · Journal of Dairy Science · doi:10.3168/jds.2015-10198 · Cited by 370 · see citing works
Changes in the blood biochemical and haematological profile of neonatal calves with age
Knowles, T. G., Edwards, J. E., Bazeley, K. J., Brown, S. N., Butterworth, A., & Warriss, P. D. (2000) · Veterinary Record · doi:10.1136/vr.147.21.593 · Cited by 275 · see citing works
A review of the road transport of cattle
Knowles, G. W. (1999) · Veterinary Record · doi:10.1136/vr.144.8.197 · Cited by 222 · see citing works
Effects on cattle of transport by road for up to 15 hours
Warriss, P. D., Brown, S. N., Knowles, T. G., Kestin, S. C., Edwards, J., Dolan, S., & Phillips, A. (1995) · Veterinary Record · doi:10.1136/vr.136.13.319 · Cited by 217 · see citing works
Lipid metabolism in liver and selected tissues and in the whole body of ruminant animals
Bell, A. (1979) · Progress in Lipid Research · doi:10.1016/0163-7827(79)90013-4 · Cited by 163 · see citing works
The welfare of calves during handling and transport
Trunkfield, H. R., & Broom, D. M. (1990) · Applied Animal Behaviour Science · doi:10.1016/0168-1591(90)90050-n · Cited by 118 · see citing works
Abuelo, Á., Havrlant, P., Wood, N., & Hernández‐Jover, M. (2019) · Journal of Dairy Science · doi:10.3168/jds.2019-16578 · Cited by 107 · see citing works
Knowles, T. G., Warriss, P. D., Brown, S. N., Edwards, J. E., Watkins, P. E., & Phillips, A. J. (1997) · Veterinary Record · doi:10.1136/vr.140.5.116 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Vogels, Z., Chuck, G., & Morton, J. M. (2013) · Australian Veterinary Journal · doi:10.1111/avj.12025 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Effects of food withdrawal and transport on 5- to 10 day-old calves
TODD, S. E., MELLOR, D. J., STAFFORD, K. J., GREGORY, N. G., BRUCE, R. A., & WARD, R. N. (2000) · Research in Veterinary Science · doi:10.1053/rvsc.1999.0345 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Grigor, P. N., Cockram, M. S., Steele, W. B., Le Sueur, C. J., Forsyth, R. E., Guthrie, J. A., Johnson, A. K., Sandilands, V., Reid, H. W., Sinclair, C., et al. (2001) · Animal Science · doi:10.1017/s135772980005832x · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Marcato, F., van den Brand, H., Kemp, B., Engel, B., Wolthuis-Fillerup, M., & van Reenen, K. (2020) · Journal of Dairy Science · doi:10.3168/jds.2019-17445 · Cited by 62 · cited 1× · see citing works
“ally increases with transport (Grigor et al., 2001; Marcato et al., 2020), and more so with longer transport durations (Fisher et al.”
BackgroundFisher, A. D., Stevens, B. H., Conley, M. J., Jongman, E. C., Lauber, M. C., Hides, S. J., Anderson, G. A., Duganzich, D. M., & Mansell, P. D. (2014) · Journal of Dairy Research · doi:10.1017/s0022029914000193 · Cited by 53 · cited 9× · see citing works
“were comparable to transported calf CK activity reported in previous research, in both experimental and commercial settings (Todd et al., 2000; Stafford et al., 2001; Fisher et al., 2014), indicating that most calves had CK activity consistent with expected CK values after transport.”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialSelf-citationCuttance, E., Mason, W., Laven, R. A., McDermott, J., & Cvc, P. (2017) · New Zealand Veterinary Journal · doi:10.1080/00480169.2017.1361876 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Diseases of cattle in Australasia.
Parkinson, T. J., Vermunt, J. J., & Malmo, J. (2010) · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Hibbs, J. W., Conrad, H. R., Vandersall, J. H., & Gale, C. (1963) · Journal of Dairy Science · doi:10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(63)89219-x · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Biochemistry and hematology reference intervals for neonatal dairy calves aged 5‐12 days
Roadknight, N., Courtman, N. F., Mansell, P. D., Jongman, E. C., Loh, Z., & Fisher, A. D. (2021) · Veterinary Clinical Pathology · doi:10.1111/vcp.12955 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Self-citationCockram, M., & Spence, J. (2012) · Animal Welfare · doi:10.7120/09627286.21.3.403 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
The physical state and plasma biochemical profile of young calves on arrival at a slaughter plant
Stafford, K., Mellor, D. J., Todd, S., Gregory, N., Bruce, R., & Ward, R. (2001) · New Zealand Veterinary Journal · doi:10.1080/00480169.2001.36222 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
The Effect of Starvation on the Fluid and Electrolyte Metabolism of Neonatal Calves
Dalton, R. G. (1967) · British Veterinary Journal · doi:10.1016/s0007-1935(17)39954-2 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Ease of moving young calves at different ages
Jongman, E. C., & Butler, K. L. (2012) · Australian Veterinary Journal · doi:10.1111/avj.12014 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Self-citationOccurrence of neonatal diarrhea in calves with iron-deficiency anemia
Prodanović, R., Nedić, S., Radanović, O., Milićević, V., Vujanac, I., Bojkovski, J. A., Kureljušić, B., Arsić, S., Jovanović, L., & Kirovski, D. (2019) · Veterinarski glasnik · doi:10.2298/vetgl181210011p · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Phipps, A. J. (2016) · Minerva Access (University of Melbourne) · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Occurrence of anemia in Holstein calves in the first month after birth
Benesi, F. J., Lisbôa, J. A. N., Leal, M. L. R., Shecaira, C. D. L., & dos Santos, R. B. (2019) · Semina Ciências Agrárias · doi:10.5433/1679-0359.2019v40n3p1139 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Roadknight, N., Courtman, N. F., Mansell, P. D., Jongman, E. C., Clarke‐Errey, S., & Fisher, A. D. (2020) · Research in Veterinary Science · doi:10.1016/j.rvsc.2020.02.013 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Self-citation
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Welfare of cattle during transport
(AHAW), E. P. O. A. H. A. W., Nielsen, S. S., Alvarez, J., Bicout, D. J., Calistri, P., Canali, E., Drewe, J. A., Garin‐Bastuji, B., Gonzales Rojas, J. L., Gortázar Schmidt, C., et al. (2022) · EFSA Journal · doi:10.2903/j.efsa.2022.7442 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Amatucci, L., Luise, D., Luppi, A., Virdis, S., Prosperi, A., Cirelli, A., Bosco, C., & Trevisi, P. (2023) · Porcine Health Management · doi:10.1186/s40813-022-00297-4 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Condition of bob veal calves on arrival at an abattoir in Ohio
England, Z. A., Maggard, H. L., Fisher, A. D., Roadknight, N. W., & Pempek, J. A. (2023) · Animal Welfare · doi:10.1017/awf.2022.8 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Self-citationQi, J., Huang, F., Gan, L., Zhou, X., Gou, L., Xie, Y., Guo, H., Fang, J. S., & Zuo, Z. (2024) · Microbiome · doi:10.1186/s40168-024-01962-2 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
van Dijk, L. L., Siegmann, S., Field, N. L., Sugrue, K., van Reenen, C. G., Bokkers, E. A. M., Sayers, G., & Conneely, M. (2023) · Frontiers in Veterinary Science · doi:10.3389/fvets.2023.1238734 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
“Distance has also been shown to affect calf physiology; negative energy balance and dehydration are exacerbated by transport duration (11).”
BackgroundResultInfluentialDornbach, C. W., Beenken, A. M., Shike, D. W. W., Hansen, S. L., & McCann, J. C. (2023) · Journal of Animal Science · doi:10.1093/jas/skac333 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Ramos, J. S., Robichaud, M. V., Arsenault, J., Chorfi, Y., Costa, M., Dubuc, J., Ferraro, S., Francoz, D., Rousseau, M., Fecteau, G., et al. (2023) · Journal of Dairy Science · doi:10.3168/jds.2022-22827 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Prevalence of failure of passive immunity transfer in Australian non‐replacement dairy calves
Roadknight, N., Jongman, E. C., Mansell, P. D., Courtman, N. F., McGill, D. M., Hepworth, G., & Fisher, A. D. (2022) · Australian Veterinary Journal · doi:10.1111/avj.13160 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Self-citationFitness of calves born from in vitro-produced fresh and cryopreserved embryos
Gómez, E., Murillo, A., Carrocera, S., Pérez-Jánez, J. J., Benedito, J. L., Martín-González, D., & Gimeno, I. (2022) · Frontiers in Veterinary Science · doi:10.3389/fvets.2022.1006995 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Siegmann, S., van Dijk, L. L., Field, N. L., Sayers, G., Sugrue, K., Gort, G., van Reenen, C. G., Bokkers, E. A. M., & Conneely, M. (2025) · Journal of Dairy Science · doi:10.3168/jds.2024-26219 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Bielamowicz, L. P., Celestino, M. L., Menta, P. R., Fernandes, L., Ballou, M., Neves, R. C., & Machado, V. S. (2024) · Animals · doi:10.3390/ani14131909 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
van Dijk, L. L., Siegmann, S., Field, N. L., Sugrue, K., van Reenen, C. G., Bokkers, E. A. M., Conneely, M., & Sayers, G. (2025) · Irish Veterinary Journal · doi:10.1186/s13620-025-00287-2 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
“Previous research has indicated that the physiological status of calves transported for longer distances is impacted to a greater degree [12], particularly in terms of energy balance, dehydration and muscle fatigue.”
InfluentialElmore, K., & Chibisa, G. E. (2023) · Journal of Dairy Science · doi:10.3168/jds.2022-22707 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Buczinski, S., Fecteau, G., Perrault, A.-S., Ferraro, S., Arsenault, J., Chorfi, Y., Costa, M., Dubuc, J., Francoz, D., Rousseau, M., et al. (2025) · Journal of Dairy Science · doi:10.3168/jds.2024-26118 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Effects of long-distance transport on glycolipid metabolism and immune function in simmental calves
Xu, C., Zhou, Y., Ye, Z., Ni, Y., Han, X., Liu, Y., Sun, Z., Liu, H., & Chen, Y. (2025) · Molecular Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.molimm.2025.08.007 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Paján-Jiménez, V., Pazmiño-Rodríguez, F. D., Roldán-Santiago, P., Dutro-Aceves, A., de la Cruz-Cruz, L. A., & Larrondo, C. (2023) · Veterinary World · doi:10.14202/vetworld.2023.2349-2357 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Lausch, C. K., Lorch, A., Giertzuch, S., Rieger, A., & Trefz, F. M. (2021) · JDS Communications · doi:10.3168/jdsc.2021-0133 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
A survey of stockperson attitudes and youngstock management practices on Australian dairy farms
Field, L., Verdon, M., Jongman, E. C., & Hemsworth, L. M. (2024) · Animal Production Science · doi:10.1071/an23249 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Self-citationSiegmann, S., van Dijk, L. L., Field, N. L., Sayers, G., Sugrue, K., van Reenen, C. G., Bokkers, E. A. M., & Conneely, M. (2026) · Irish Veterinary Journal · doi:10.1186/s13620-026-00340-8 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
“The feeding regimen on the dairy farm, e.g., the frequency, amount, and type of feed (MR or electro-lytes), and the time between the last meal and departure, naturally play a large part in the calves’ growth and ability to maintain their energy balance at the AC and during later transport [67].”
Condition of calves on arrival at dairy-beef calf-raising farms in the Midwestern United States
Schafer, E. M., Creutzinger, K. C., Setser, M. M. W., Pinkerton, M. P., Habing, G. G., Erasmus, M. A., Vogel, K. D., & Mitchell, J. (2026) · Journal of Dairy Science · doi:10.3168/jds.2025-28022 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
van Dijk, L. L., Siegmann, S., Bennett, P., Sugrue, K., van Reenen, C. G., Bokkers, E. A. M., Sayers, G., Conneely, M., & Field, N. L. (2025) · animal · doi:10.1016/j.animal.2025.101561 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Roadknight, N., Mansell, P. D., Jongman, E. C., Courtman, N. F., McGill, D. M., Hepworth, G., & Fisher, A. D. (2021) · Journal of Dairy Science · doi:10.3168/jds.2021-104-12-13020
Self-citationRoutine red bone marrow smear in local breed claves at Basrah, Iraq
Al-Amery, M. A. Y. (2023) · Al-mağallaẗ al-ʻirāqiyyaẗ li-l-ʻulūm al-bayṭariyyaẗ/Iraqi journal of veterinary sciences · doi:10.33899/ijvs.2022.133392.2218
Amatucci, L., Luise, D., Luppi, A., Virdis, S., Prosperi, A., Cirelli, A., Bosco, C., & Trevisi, P. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26560136
Nurbina, A. F., Utamy, R. F., & Ako, A. (2026) · Journal of Animal Health and Production · doi:10.17582/journal.jahp/2026/14.1.29.37
A systematic mapping review of cattle welfare research during road transportation (2015–2025)
Edwards-Callaway, L., Rimm-Kaufman, D., & Loh, H. Y. (2026) · Journal of Animal Science · doi:10.1093/jas/skag218
Fu, B., Zang, Y., Xu, H., Fu, D., Lu, G., Mao, K., Qiu, Q., Zhao, X., Qu, M., Ouyang, K., et al. (2026) · Animals · doi:10.3390/ani16193074
- Authors
- Roadknight, N., Mansell, P., Jongman, E., Courtman, N., McGill, D., Hepworth, G., & Fisher, A.
- Affiliations
- The University of Melbourne (AU)
- Corresponding author
- Roadknight, Natalie
- ORCID
- Venue
- Journal of Dairy Science
- Publisher
- American Dairy Science Association
- Published
- 2021-08
- Volume
- 104
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 9164-9172
- ISSN
- 0022-0302 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W3160099751
- Cited by
- 26
- References
- 35
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 2
- FWCI
- 4.86
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Update notices
- erratum (2021-12-01)
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Dairy Science (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Minerva Access (University of Melbourne) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Funders
- Australian Government
- Meat and Livestock Australia
- University of Melbourne
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Veterinary › Small Animals › Animal Behavior and Welfare Studies
- Health Sciences › Veterinary › Small Animals › Animal health and immunology
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Animal Science and Zoology › Effects of Environmental Stressors on Livestock
- Keywords
- calf welfare, animal transport, transport distance, lairage, dehydration, negative energy balance, anemia, creatine kinase, muscle damage, beta-hydroxybutyrate, plasma glucose, serum urea, hematocrit
- MeSH terms
- Abattoirs, Farms, Animals, Australia, Cattle, Cross-Sectional Studies, 3-Hydroxybutyric Acid
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
