The effects of various antifungal additives on the fermentation and aerobic stability of corn silage
Open accessAbstract
In 2 consecutive years, whole plant corn was ensiled in laboratory silos to investigate the effects of various silage additives on fermentation, dry matter (DM) recovery and aerobic stability. In yr 1, chopped forage was treated with 1) no additive (untreated, U), 2) Lactobacillus buchneri 40788, 4×10 5 cfu/g of fresh forage (LLB4), 3) L. buchneri 11A44, 1×10 5 cfu/g (PLB), 4) Biomax 5 ( Lactobacillus plantarum PA-28 and K-270), 1×10 5 cfu/g (B5), 5) Silo Guard II (sodium metabisulfite and amylase), 0.05% of fresh forage weight (SG), 6) a buffered propionic acid-based additive, 0.1% (Ki-112), 7), sodium benzoate, 0.1% of fresh weight (SB), or 8) potassium sorbate:EDTA (1:1), 0.1% of fresh weight (PSE). Silage treated with LLB4 had the highest concentration of acetic acid compared with other treatments, and yeasts were undetectable in LLB4 ( 2 cfu/g). Silages treated with SB and PSE had the highest concentrations of water-soluble carbohydrates, the greatest recoveries of DM, and the lowest concentrations of ethanol. Silages treated with B5, SG, and Ki-112 had no effects on fermentation, DM recovery, or aerobic stability. The aerobic stabilities of silages treated with LLB4, SB, and PSE were greatest among all treatments. In yr 2, treatments were: 1) U, 2) LLB4, 3) PLB, 4) PLB at 4×10 5 cfu/g (PLB4), and 5) B5. Silages treated with L. buchneri had greater concentrations of acetic acid but lower concentrations of ethanol than did U- and B5-treated silages. Yeasts were undetected in all silages except in silage treated with B5, which had the poorest aerobic stability of all treatments. Treatments had no effect on DM recovery. Silages treated with PLB, PLB4, and LLB4 remained stable for >210h.
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Theoretically, chemical additives should provide more consistent effects than inoculants.
“Theoretically, chemical additives should provide more consistent effects (Kleinschmit et al., 2005).”
From Silage review: Factors affecting dry matter and quality losses in silages (2018) · cites this paper as Kleinschmit et al., 2005
The Introduction (page unavailable) says microbial inoculants may vary in effectiveness from year to year. The Conclusions (page unavailable) report differing results among chemical additives, but the paper does not say that chemicals should have more consistent effects than inoculants; chemical additives were tested only in year 1. (LLM, conf=0.82)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe effects of Lb. buchneri on aerobic stability are strain-specific and dose-dependent.
“however, the effects are strain-specific (Muck, 2004;Kleinschmit et al., 2005) and dose-dependent (Ranjit and Kung, 2000;Taylor and Kung, 2002;Filya et al., 2006).”
From Silage review: Recent advances and future uses of silage additives (2018) · cites this paper as Kleinschmit et al., 2005
The inhibitory effects of acetic acid on yeasts and fungi in silages treated with Lb. buchneri are responsible for the greater aerobic stability of such silages.
“The inhibitory effects of acetic acid on yeasts and fungi in silages treated with Lb. buchneri is responsible for the greater aerobic stability of such silages27,28 .”
Past studies found that L. buchneri 40788 did not affect ammonia concentration in corn silages.
“In contrast, treatment with L. buchneri 40788 did not affect the ammonia concentration of corn silages in past studies (Ranjit and Kung, 2000;Kleinschmit et al., 2005).”
From The effect of Lactobacillus buchneri 40788 or Lactobacillus plantarum MTD-1 on the fermentation and aerobic stability of corn silages ensiled at two dry matter contents (2009) · cites this paper as Kleinschmit et al., 2005
Inoculants containing L. buchneri have improved aerobic stability in different silages.
“Inoculants containing L. buchneri have improved the aerobic stability of different silages (Driehuis et al., 2001;Weinberg et al., 2002;Kleinschmit et al., 2005).”
From Control of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in corn silage with or without various inoculants: Efficacy and mode of action (2010) · cites this paper as Kleinschmit et al., 2005
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References 32 · Cited by 233
Research works printed but not linked: 4
- Muck, R. E. 1996. A lactic acid bacteria strain to improve aerobics stability of silages. Pages 42-43 in U.S. Dairy Forage Res. Center 1996 Res. Summaries, Madison, WI.
- Muck, R. E., and L. Kung, Jr. 1997. Effects of silage additives ensiling. Pages 187-199 in Silage: Field to Feedbunk. NRAES-99. NRAES, Ithaca, NY.
- Soderlund, S., K. Bolsen, H. Ilg, and J. Hoover. 1983. Pages 53-57 in Proceedings of Cattlemen's Day 1983. Agricultural Experiment Station. Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS.
- Whitlock, L. A., T. J. Wistuba, M. K. Seifers, R. V. Pope, and K. K. Bolsen. 2000. Effect of level of surface-spoiled silage on the nutritive value of corn silage diets. J. Dairy Sci. 83(Suppl. 1):110. (Abstr.) Journal of Dairy Science Vol. 88, No. 6, 2005
- Authors
- Kleinschmit, D. H., Schmidt, R. J., & Kung, L.
- Affiliations
- University of Delaware (US)
- Corresponding author
- Kung, L.
- Venue
- Journal of Dairy Science
- Publisher
- American Dairy Science Association
- Published
- 2005-06
- Volume
- 88
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 2130-2139
- ISSN
- 0022-0302 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1995346940
- Cited by
- 233
- References
- 32
- Citations by year
- 2026: 10 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 19 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 19 · 2020: 18 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 19 · 2013: 11 · 2012: 6
- FWCI
- 13.22
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Dairy Science (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- University of Delaware
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Agronomy and Crop Science › Ruminant Nutrition and Digestive Physiology
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Animal Science and Zoology › Animal Nutrition and Physiology
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Mycotoxins in Agriculture and Food
- Keywords
- corn silage, silage additives, Lactobacillus buchneri, Lactobacillus plantarum, aerobic stability, silage fermentation, dry matter recovery, sodium benzoate, potassium sorbate, sodium metabisulfite, propionic acid, acetic acid, ethanol, water-soluble carbohydrates, yeast, whole-plant corn
- MeSH terms
- Zea mays, Edetic Acid, Fermentation, Fungicides, Industrial, Lactobacillus, Silage, Sorbic Acid, Acetic Acid, Sodium Benzoate
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