Pain perception in drug-free and in methadone-maintained human ex-addicts
Abstract
Cold-induced pain threshold and pain tolerance were measured in drug-free ex-addicts (DFE), in methadone-maintained ex-addicts (MME), and in age-matched nonaddict siblings (NAS). Multiple responses to an ice-water stimulus were obtained for each hand. Resting systolic and diastolic blood pressures were determined across a 15-min period both before and immediately after the pain-testing session. Pain threshold of both ex-addict groups (DFE and MME) was lower than that of NAS. Pain tolerance was slightly but not significantly lower. Ex-addicts further differed from non-addicts in an autonomic response to the experimental situation: The diastolic blood pressure of nonaddicts rose following cold pressor stimulation but there was no rise in the ex-addict groups. Methadone-maintained ex-addicts do not differ from drug-free ex-addicts in pain threshold, pain tolerance, or blood pressure response.
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Individuals with a history of opioid addiction show heightened pain perception.
“In humans, heightened pain perception has long been observed in individuals with a history of opioid addiction (Ho and Dole, 1979;Ren et al., 2009).”
From Drug Addiction: Hyperkatifeia/Negative Reinforcement as a Framework for Medications Development (2021) · cites this paper as Ho and Dole, 1979
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- Authors
- Ho, A., & Dole, V. P.
- Venue
- Experimental Biology and Medicine
- Publisher
- Frontiers Media SA
- Published
- 1979-12-01
- Volume
- 162
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 392-395
- ISSN
- 0071-3384 (ISSN-L)
- 1535-3702
- 1535-3699
- OpenAlex
- W2326187001
- Cited by
- 69
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 1 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 3
- FWCI
- 0.00
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Experimental Biology and Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Opioid Use Disorder Treatment
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Pain Mechanisms and Treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine › Pain Management and Opioid Use
- Keywords
- pain perception, methadone maintenance treatment, opioid use disorder, cold pressor test, pain threshold, pain tolerance, blood pressure response, autonomic responses
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Blood Pressure, Cold Temperature, Female, Humans, Informed Consent, Male, Methadone, Pain, Substance Withdrawal Syndrome, Substance-Related Disorders
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