Imaging and genetic approaches to inform biomarkers for anxiety disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorders, and PSTD
Abstract
Anxiety disorders are the most common mental health problem in the world and also claim the highest health care cost among various neuropsychiatric disorders. Anxiety disorders have a chronic and recurrent course and cause significantly negative impacts on patients' social, personal, and occupational functioning as well as quality of life. Despite their high prevalence rates, anxiety disorders have often been under-diagnosed or misdiagnosed, and consequently under-treated. Even with the correct diagnosis, anxiety disorders are known to be difficult to treat successfully. In order to implement better strategies in diagnosis, prognosis, treatment decision, and early prevention for anxiety disorders, tremendous efforts have been put into studies using genetic and neuroimaging techniques to advance our understandings of the underlying biological mechanisms. In addition to anxiety disorders including panic disorder, generalised anxiety disorder (GAD), specific phobias, social anxiety disorders (SAD), due to overlapping symptom dimensions, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) (which were removed from the anxiety disorder category in DSM-5 to become separate categories) are also included for review of relevant genetic and neuroimaging findings. Although the number of genetic or neuroimaging studies focusing on anxiety disorders is relatively small compare to other psychiatric disorders such as psychotic disorders or mood disorders, various structural abnormalities in the grey or white matter, functional alterations of activity during resting-state or task conditions, molecular changes of neurotransmitter receptors or transporters, and genetic associations have all been reported. With continuing effort, further genetic and neuroimaging research may potentially lead to clinically useful biomarkers for the prevention, diagnosis, and management of these disorders.
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There is evidence for dysregulation in monoaminergic, GABA-ergic, glutamatergic, neuropeptidergic and eCB systems in a variety of brain regions of different anxiety-related disorders.
“These include monoaminergic, GABA-ergic, glutamatergic, neuropeptidergic and eCB systems and there is evidence for dysregulation in each of these systems in a variety of brain regions of different anxiety-related disorders [e.g.(Bandelow et al., 2016;Maron et al., 2018).”
From Novel pharmacological targets in drug development for the treatment of anxiety and anxiety-related disorders (2019) · cites this paper as Maron et al., 2018
At present, none of the putative blood-based, genetic, epigenetic, neurochemical, metabolic or neuroimagery biomarkers are sufficiently specific, valid and reliable as diagnostic tools or markers of treatment response in anxiety disorders.
“none of the putative blood-based, genetic, epigenetic, neurochemical, metabolic or neuroimagery biomarkers are sufficiently specific, valid and reliable as diagnostic tools or markers of treatment response in anxiety disorders (Bandelow et al., 2016;Lueken et al., 2016;Maron et al., 2018)”
From Novel pharmacological targets in drug development for the treatment of anxiety and anxiety-related disorders (2019) · cites this paper as Maron et al., 2018
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Candidate biomarkers in psychiatric disorders: state of the field
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- Authors
- Maron, E., Lan, C.-C., & Nutt, D.
- Affiliations
- North Estonia Medical Centre (EE)
- Taichung Veterans General Hospital (TW)
- Imperial College London (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Maron, Eduard
- Venue
- Current Topics in Behavioral Neurosciences
- Publisher
- Springer International Publishing
- Published
- 2018
- Volume
- 40
- Pages
- 219-292
- ISSN
- 1866-3370 (ISSN-L)
- 1866-3389
- OpenAlex
- W2803332209
- Cited by
- 9
- References
- 344
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 1 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 2
- FWCI
- 7.24
- Type
- book chapter
- Language
- en
- Update notices
- correction (2018-10-24)
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Current topics in behavioral neurosciences (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Obsessive-Compulsive Spectrum Disorders
- Keywords
- anxiety disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, biomarkers, neuroimaging, genetic association, panic disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, social anxiety disorder, specific phobia, white matter abnormalities, resting-state brain activity, neurotransmitter receptors, diagnosis and prognosis
- MeSH terms
- Anxiety, Anxiety Disorders, Genetic Markers, Humans, Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, Quality of Life, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic, Biomarkers
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
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