The DOI matches its Crossref record; 19 of the 20 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
The Good-Subject Effect: Investigating Participant Demand Characteristics
Abstract
Although researchers are often concerned with the presence of participant demand, few have directly examined effects of demand on participant behavior. Before beginning the present study, a confederate informed participants (N = 100) of the study's purported hypothesis. Participants then performed a laboratory task designed to evaluate the extent to which they would respond in ways that may confirm or disconfirm the hypothesis of the study. The authors found that participants tended to respond in ways that confirmed the hypothesis, yet this tendency depended on attitudes toward the experiment or experimenter and other individual differences. In addition, results suggested that suspicion probes may be ineffective in measuring participants' previous knowledge and suspicion. Findings indicate the need for more research and consideration of demand in the design of studies and analysis of data.
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“Known as the “good subject effect,” this could have occurred as a result of demand characteristics, the “hype” surrounding meditation research, and social desirability bias [49, 50].”
From Childhood trauma and subclinical PTSD symptoms predict adverse effects and worse outcomes across two mindfulness-based programs for active depression (2025) · cites this paper as [49]
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Meta-analysis of action video game impact on perceptual, attentional, and cognitive skills.
Bediou, B., Adams, D. M., Mayer, R. E., Tipton, E., Green, C. S., & Bavelier, D. (2018) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/bul0000130 · Cited by 807
Biochemical verification of tobacco use and abstinence: 2019 update
Benowitz, N. L., Bernert, J. T., Foulds, J., Hecht, S. S., Jacob, P., Jarvis, M. J., Joseph, A., Oncken, C., & Piper, M. E. (2020) · Nicotine & Tobacco Research · doi:10.1093/ntr/ntz132 · Cited by 619
Searching for the backfire effect: Measurement and design considerations.
Swire-Thompson, B., DeGutis, J., & Lazer, D. (2020) · Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition · doi:10.1016/j.jarmac.2020.06.006 · Cited by 360
Rung, J. M., & Madden, G. J. (2018) · Journal of Experimental Psychology: General · doi:10.1037/xge0000462 · Cited by 358
The predictive validity of ideal partner preferences: A review and meta-analysis.
Eastwick, P. W., Luchies, L. B., Finkel, E. J., & Hunt, L. L. (2013) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/a0032432 · Cited by 359
Metadata
- Authors
- Nichols, A. L., & Maner, J. K.
- Affiliations
- University of Florida (US)
- Florida State University (US)
- Venue
- The Journal of General Psychology
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2008-04
- Volume
- 135
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 151-166
- ISSN
- 0022-1309 (ISSN-L)
- 1940-0888
- OpenAlex
- W1982044027
- Cited by
- 615
- References
- 20
- Citations by year
- 2026: 42 · 2025: 58 · 2024: 60 · 2023: 57 · 2022: 51 · 2021: 74 · 2020: 44 · 2019: 40 · 2018: 39 · 2017: 39 · 2016: 33 · 2015: 24 · 2014: 12 · 2013: 20 · 2012: 11
- FWCI
- 11.53
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- The Journal of General Psychology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Psychology of Social Influence
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Deception detection and forensic psychology
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Psychological Testing and Assessment
- Keywords
- demand characteristics, participant behavior, hypothesis confirmation, individual differences, participant knowledge
- MeSH terms
- Attitude, Cooperative Behavior, Helping Behavior, Humans, Individuality, Models, Psychological, Research Design, Research Subjects, Researcher-Subject Relations
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