Experimental reductions of delay discounting and impulsive choice: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Rung, Jillian M.; Madden, Gregory J.

doi:10.1037/xge0000462

Cited by 358Decision-Making and Behavioral EconomicsNeural and Behavioral Psychology StudiesBehavioral Health and Interventions

Experimental reductions of delay discounting and impulsive choice: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

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Rung, Jillian M., Madden, Gregory J.·2018·Journal of Experimental Psychology: General

DOI 10.1037/xge0000462PMC PMC6112163

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Abstract

Many behaviors posing significant risks to public health are characterized by repeated decisions to forego better long-term outcomes in the face of immediate temptations. Steeply discounting the value of delayed outcomes often underlies a pattern of impulsive choice. Steep delay discounting is correlated with addictions (e.g., substance abuse, obesity) and behaviors such as seatbelt use and risky sexual activity. As evidence accumulates suggesting steep delay discounting plays a causal role in these maladaptive behaviors, researchers have begun testing methods for reducing discounting. In this first systematic and comprehensive review of this literature, the findings of 92 articles employing different methodologies to reduce discounting are evaluated narratively and meta-analytically. Although most of the methods reviewed produced significant reductions in discounting, they varied in effect sizes. Most methods were ideal for influencing one-off choices (e.g., framing and priming manipulations), although other successful manipulations, such as episodic future thinking, could be incorporated into existing therapies designed to produce longer-lasting changes in decision-making. The largest and longest-lasting effects were produced by learning-based manipulations, although translational research is needed to determine the generality and clinical utility of these methods. Methodological shortcomings in the existing literature and suggestions for ameliorating these issues are discussed. This review reveals a variety of methods with translational potential, which, through continued refinement, may prove effective in reducing impulsive choice and its associated maladaptive decisions that negatively impact quality of life. (PsycINFO Database Record

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The most promising ways to lower discount rates are episodic future thinking and mindfulness-based training/acceptance-based training.
“The most promising ways to lower discount rates are episodic future thinking and mindfulness-based training/acceptance-based training48,49.”
From Temporal discounting predicts procrastination in the real world (2024) · cites this paper as [48]
The Results section on episodic future thinking reports sizeable, significant reductions in delay discounting. The Results section on clinical interventions says mindfulness-based approaches, including acceptance-based therapy, produced a reduction that only approached significance; the acceptance-based study's between-group difference was not significant. The paper therefore supports episodic future thinking but does not establish mindfulness- or acceptance-based training as among the most promising ways to lower discount rates. (LLM, conf=0.88)
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Sorted by citations

Behavioral trainings and manipulations to reduce delay discounting: A systematic review
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Changing Delay Discounting and Impulsive Choice: Implications for Addictions, Prevention, and Human Health
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Self-citation
Temporal discounting predicts procrastination in the real world
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Background

Are Compulsive Buyers Impulsive? Evidence of Poor Response Inhibition and Delay Discounting
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Self-citation

Authors: Rung, J. M., & Madden, G. J.
Affiliations: Utah State University (US)
ORCID: Rung, Jillian M.
Madden, Gregory J.
Venue: Journal of Experimental Psychology: General
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Published: 2018-09
Volume: 147
Issue: 9
Pages: 1349-1381
ISSN: 0096-3445 (ISSN-L)
1939-2222
DOI: 10.1037/xge0000462
PMC: PMC6112163
OpenAlex: W2889331490
Cited by: 358
References: 214
Citations by year: 2026: 41 · 2025: 56 · 2024: 49 · 2023: 46 · 2022: 42 · 2021: 59 · 2020: 40 · 2019: 21 · 2018: 4
FWCI: 25.90
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: hybrid
doi.org
Licence: other-oa
www.apa.org/pubs/journals/resources/open-access.aspx (am, 360 d)
Locations: Journal of Experimental Psychology General (publishedVersion, other-oa)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders: National Institute on Drug Abuse (R21 DA042174)
Topics: Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › General Decision Sciences › Decision-Making and Behavioral Economics
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Behavioral Health and Interventions
Keywords: delay discounting, impulsive choice, impulsivity, decision-making, addiction, substance abuse, obesity, sexual risk behavior, seat belt use, framing effects, priming, episodic future thinking, long-term outcomes, public health behavior
MeSH terms: Choice Behavior, Humans, Impulsive Behavior, Public Health, Risk-Taking, Delay Discounting

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Experimental reductions of delay discounting and impulsive choice: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

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