Cigarette smoking and musculoskeletal disorders
Open accessAbstract
Cigarette smoking has deleterious effects on the musculo-skeletal system.The loss of bone mineral content and increased incidence of fractures are the best known negative consequences.The pathogenesis is complex, due to direct toxic effects on osteoblasts/osteoclasts activity of nicotine, and indirect actions on sex and adrenocortical hormones, vitamin D, intestinal calcium absorption, vessels and oxygen supply.Smoking may favour the onset or aggravate the progression of rheumatoid arthritis and back pain.Negative influences have been observed on muscle and on tendons.Moreover, smoking habit is associated to a number of short term post-operative complications and higher resource consumption.Smoking cessation is highly advisable with positive effects on the bone metabolism on the long term.More positive and immediate results can be obtained in patients submitted to orthopedic surgery: the healing process is improved, the frequency of complications is reduced, and the length of hospital stay is shortened.
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Cigarette smoking has deleterious effects on bone integrity, with a positive correlation between the daily number of cigarettes smoked and years of exposure.
“Cigarette smoking is known to have deleterious effects on bone integrity, as a positive correlation between the daily number of cigarettes smoked and years of exposure has been shown [11,12].”
From Skeletal System Biology and Smoke Damage: From Basic Science to Medical Clinic (2021) · cites this paper as [11]
Cigarette smoking reduces bone mass and increases fracture risk through direct or indirect effects on bone remodeling.
“Cigarette smoking has a negative impact on the skeletal system, as it reduces bone mass and increases fracture risk through its direct or indirect effects on bone remodeling.”
From Skeletal System Biology and Smoke Damage: From Basic Science to Medical Clinic (2021) · cites this paper as [11]
Smoking causes several medical and surgical complications responsible for longer hospital stays and increased consumption of resources.
“It is also well known that smoking causes several medical/surgical complications responsible for longer hospital stays and a consequent increase in the consumption of resources.”
From Skeletal System Biology and Smoke Damage: From Basic Science to Medical Clinic (2021) · cites this paper as [11]
Smokers have significantly lower bone mineral density values in the femoral neck and, to a lesser extent, in the lumbar spine.
“In 2002 Gerdhem and Obrant evaluated BMD using dual energy X-ray absorbimetry (DEXA) in a cohort of 19,500 subjects, with 14,000 showing significantly lower BMD values in the femoral neck and to a lesser extent in the lumbar spine [11].”
From Skeletal System Biology and Smoke Damage: From Basic Science to Medical Clinic (2021) · cites this paper as [11]
Cigarette smoking has deleterious effects on fracture healing.
“Moreover, cigarette smoking is known to have deleterious effects on fracture healing, as a positive correlation between the daily number of cigarettes smoked and years of exposure has been shown, even though the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood.”
From Skeletal System Biology and Smoke Damage: From Basic Science to Medical Clinic (2021) · cites this paper as [11]
Cigarette smoking has deleterious effects on the skeleton and worsens the prognosis of various orthopedic disorders and surgical procedures.
“Numerous clinical and experimental studies show that cigarette smoking has deleterious effects on the skeleton and worsens the prognosis of various orthopedic disorders and surgical procedures [11].”
From Skeletal System Biology and Smoke Damage: From Basic Science to Medical Clinic (2021) · cites this paper as [11]
Smoking is associated with several short-term postoperative complications responsible for longer hospital stays and increased consumption of resources.
“and it is associated with several short-term postoperative complications responsible for longer hospital stays and increased consumption of resources [11].”
From Skeletal System Biology and Smoke Damage: From Basic Science to Medical Clinic (2021) · cites this paper as [11]
Cigarette smoking increases fracture risk and burden on the healthcare system, delays fracture healing, increases the frequency of complications such as infections and nonunion fractures, and prolongs hospital stays.
“Cigarette smoking is known to increase the fracture risk and the burden on the healthcare system [56,57], delaying the fracture healing process, increasing the frequency of complications (e.g., infections and nonunion fractures), and prolonging hospital stays [11,12].”
From Skeletal System Biology and Smoke Damage: From Basic Science to Medical Clinic (2021) · cites this paper as [11]
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- Authors
- Abate, M., Vanni, D., Pantalone, A., & Salini, V.
- Affiliations
- University of Chieti-Pescara (IT)
- Corresponding author
- Abate, M.
- Venue
- Muscle Ligaments and Tendons Journal
- Publisher
- Edra SpA
- Published
- 2019-01
- Volume
- 03
- Issue
- 02
- Pages
- 63
- ISSN
- 2240-4554 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W4234112509
- Cited by
- 111
- References
- 48
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 6
- FWCI
- 9.46
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Muscles Ligaments and Tendons Journal (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Smoking Behavior and Cessation
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Orthopedics and Sports Medicine › Bone health and osteoporosis research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Orthopedics and Sports Medicine › Bone and Joint Diseases
- Keywords
- cigarette smoking, musculoskeletal disorders, bone mineral loss, fracture, nicotine, osteoblasts, osteoclasts, sex hormones, adrenal cortex hormones, vitamin D, calcium absorption, rheumatoid arthritis, back pain, muscle, tendons, postoperative complications, smoking cessation, bone metabolism, orthopedic surgery, wound healing
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