Assessment of forward head posture in females: Observational and photogrammetry methods
Abstract
BACKGROUND: There are different methods to assess forward head posture (FHP) but the accuracy and discrimination ability of these methods are not clear. OBJECTIVES: Here, we want to compare three postural angles for FHP assessment and also study the discrimination accuracy of three photogrammetric methods to differentiate groups categorized based on observational method. METHOD: All Seventy-eight healthy female participants (23 ± 2.63 years), were classified into three groups: moderate-severe FHP, slight FHP and non FHP based on observational postural assessment rules. Applying three photogrammetric methods - craniovertebral angle, head title angle and head position angle - to measure FHP objectively. RESULTS: One - way ANOVA test showed a significant difference in three categorized group's craniovertebral angle (P< 0.05, F=83.07). There was no dramatic difference in head tilt angle and head position angle methods in three groups. According to Linear Discriminate Analysis (LDA) results, the canonical discriminant function (Wilks'Lambda) was 0.311 for craniovertebral angle with 79.5% of cross-validated grouped cases correctly classified. CONCLUSION: Our results showed that, craniovertebral angle method may discriminate the females with moderate-severe and non FHP more accurate than head position angle and head tilt angle. The photogrammetric method had excellent inter and intra rater reliability to assess the head and cervical posture.
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CVA is considered an accurate measure to discriminate FHP severity.
“A decrease in this angle indicates a more FHP, and it is considered an accurate measure to discriminate FHP severity [59].”
From The Relationship Between Forward Head Posture and Neck Pain: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (2019) · cites this paper as [59]
A decrease in CVA indicates a more forward head posture.
“A decrease in this angle indicates a more FHP, and it is considered an accurate measure to discriminate FHP severity [59].”
From The Relationship Between Forward Head Posture and Neck Pain: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (2019) · cites this paper as [59]
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The Relationship Between Forward Head Posture and Neck Pain: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Mahmoud, N. F., Hassan, K. A., Abdelmajeed, S. F., Moustafa, I. M., & Silva, A. G. (2019) · Current Reviews in Musculoskeletal Medicine · doi:10.1007/s12178-019-09594-y · Cited by 332 · see citing works
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- Authors
- Salahzadeh, Z., Maroufi, N., Ahmadi, A., Behtash, H., Razmjoo, A., Gohari, M., & Parnianpour, M.
- Affiliations
- Tehran University of Medical Sciences (IR)
- Clemson University (US)
- Sharif University of Technology (IR)
- Corresponding author
- Maroufi, Nader
- Venue
- Journal of Back and Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2014-04-01
- Volume
- 27
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 131-139
- ISSN
- 1053-8127 (ISSN-L)
- 1878-6324
- OpenAlex
- W1592738453
- Cited by
- 228
- References
- 48
- Citations by year
- 2026: 17 · 2025: 22 · 2024: 26 · 2023: 30 · 2022: 32 · 2021: 21 · 2020: 26 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 2
- FWCI
- 13.81
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Back and Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Ergonomics and Musculoskeletal Disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Musculoskeletal pain and rehabilitation
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Scoliosis diagnosis and treatment
- Keywords
- forward head posture, craniovertebral angle, head tilt angle, photogrammetry, cervical posture, inter-rater reliability, intra-rater reliability, female participants
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Cervical Vertebrae, Female, Head, Humans, Neck, Photogrammetry, Physical Examination, Posture, Reference Values, Reproducibility of Results, Observer Variation, Young Adult, Healthy Volunteers
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