Sit-to-stand test: Performance and determinants across the age-span
Open accessAbstract
Although the validity of the sit-to-stand (STS) test as a measure of lower limb strength has been questioned, it is widely used as such among older adults. The purposes of this study were: 1) to describe five-repetition STS test (FRSTST) performance (time) by adolescents and adults and 2) to determine the relationship of isometric knee extension strength (force and torque), age, gender, weight, and stature with that performance. Participants were 111 female and 70 male (14–85 years) community-dwelling enrollees in the NIH Toolbox Assessment of Neurological and Behavioral Function. The FRSTST was conducted using a standard armless chair. Knee extension force was measured using a belt-stabilized hand-held dynamometer; knee extension torque was measured using a Biodex dynamometer. The mean times for the FRSTST ranged from 6.0 sec (20–29 years) to 10.8 sec (80–85 years). For both the entire sample and a sub-sample of participants 50–85 years, knee extension strength (r=−0.388 to −0.634), age(r=0.561 and 0.466), and gender (r=0.182 and 0.276) were correlated significantly with FRSTST times. In all multiple regression models, knee extension strength provided the best explanation of FRSTST performance, but age contributed as well. Bodyweight and stature were less consistent in explaining FRSTST performance. Gender did not add to the explanation of FRSTST performance. Our findings suggest, therefore, that FRSTST time reflects lower limb strength, but that performance should be interpreted in light of age and other factors.
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Performance in standardised timed functional tests is strongly linked to functional ability and independence in the home.
“It is widely recognised that performance in these tests is strongly linked to functional ability and independence in the home [87].”
From Review of Wearable Devices and Data Collection Considerations for Connected Health (2021) · cites this paper as [87]
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- Authors
- Bohannon, R. W., Bubela, D. J., Magasi, S. R., Wang, Y.-C., & Gershon, R. C.
- Affiliations
- University of Connecticut (US)
- Northwestern University (US)
- Shirley Ryan AbilityLab (US)
- Venue
- Isokinetics and Exercise Science
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2010-11
- Volume
- 18
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 235-240
- ISSN
- 0959-3020 (ISSN-L)
- 1878-5913
- PMC
- PMC4293702
- OpenAlex
- W1601849952
- Cited by
- 366
- References
- 15
- Citations by year
- 2026: 37 · 2025: 43 · 2024: 50 · 2023: 37 · 2022: 45 · 2021: 41 · 2020: 47 · 2019: 30 · 2018: 14 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 1 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 3.26
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Isokinetics and Exercise Science (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (n01ag60007-17-0-2)
- National Institute on Aging (N01 AG060007)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation › Balance, Gait, and Falls Prevention
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Geriatrics and Gerontology › Frailty in Older Adults
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Nutrition and Health in Aging
- Keywords
- sit-to-stand test, lower limb strength, quadriceps strength, knee extension torque, age differences, older adults, adolescents, test validity, NIH Toolbox, body weight, height, gender differences
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
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