Physical activity and exercise: Strategies to manage frailty
Open accessAbstract
Frailty, a consequence of the interaction of the aging process and certain chronic diseases, compromises functional outcomes in the elderly and substantially increases their risk for developing disabilities and other adverse outcomes. Frailty follows from the combination of several impaired physiological mechanisms affecting multiple organs and systems. And, though frailty and sarcopenia are related, they are two different conditions. Thus, strategies to preserve or improve functional status should consider systemic function in addition to muscle conditioning. Physical activity/exercise is considered one of the main strategies to counteract frailty-related physical impairment in the elderly. Exercise reduces age-related oxidative damage and chronic inflammation, increases autophagy, and improves mitochondrial function, myokine profile, insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) signaling pathway, and insulin sensitivity. Exercise interventions target resistance (strength and power), aerobic, balance, and flexibility work. Each type improves different aspects of physical functioning, though they could be combined according to need and prescribed as a multicomponent intervention. Therefore, exercise intervention programs should be prescribed based on an individual's physical functioning and adapted to the ensuing response.
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Regular exercise contributes to reduced age-related oxidative damage, enhanced autophagy, improved mitochondrial function, myokine profiles, IGF-1 signaling pathways, and insulin sensitivity.
“Consistent research findings highlight the significant health benefits of regular exercise, contributing to reduced age-related oxidative damage, enhanced autophagy, and improved mitochondrial function, myokine profiles, IGF-1 signaling pathways, and insulin sensitivity [96].”
From Exerkines and Sarcopenia: Unveiling the Mechanism Behind Exercise-Induced Mitochondrial Homeostasis (2025) · cites this paper as [96]
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- Authors
- Angulo, J., El Assar, M., Álvarez-Bustos, A., & Rodríguez-Mañas, L.
- Affiliations
- Universidad Francisco de Vitoria (ES)
- ORCID
- Angulo, Javier
- Venue
- Redox Biology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2020-08
- Volume
- 35
- Pages
- 101513
- ISSN
- 2213-2317 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC7284931
- OpenAlex
- W3011192505
- Cited by
- 771
- References
- 321
- Citations by year
- 2026: 124 · 2025: 200 · 2024: 198 · 2023: 122 · 2022: 76 · 2021: 35 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 1
- FWCI
- 7.74
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Redox Biology (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Deposito Digital UFV (Francisco de Vitoria University) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CB16/10/00464)
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III (PI15/00674, PI15/01160)
- European Regional Development Fund
- Seventh Framework Programme
- Ministerio de EconomÃa y Competitividad
- Innovative Medicines Initiative
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Geriatrics and Gerontology › Frailty in Older Adults
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Nutrition and Health in Aging
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Physical Activity and Health
- Keywords
- frailty, physical activity, exercise intervention, older adults, sarcopenia, functional status, resistance training, aerobic exercise, balance training, flexibility training, oxidative stress, chronic inflammation, autophagy, mitochondrial function, myokines, IGF-1 signaling, insulin sensitivity, multicomponent exercise
- MeSH terms
- Frailty, Adaptation, Physiological, Aged, Exercise Therapy, Humans, Exercise, Frail Elderly, Sarcopenia
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