Endothelin-1 is Elevated in Alzheimer's Disease Brain Microvessels and is Neuroprotective
Abstract
The vasoactive protein endothelin-1 (ET-1) is produced by vascular endothelial cells and participates in the regulation of vascular inflammation. We have previously documented that the cerebral microvasculature is a source of inflammatory proteins and a likely contributor to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). In this study, we (a) compare expression of ET-1 in brain microvessels isolated from AD and control brains; (b) determine thrombin regulation of ET-1 synthesis and release in brain endothelial cells; and (c) assess the effects of ET-1 on neuronal viability in vitro. Western blot analysis indicates a significantly higher level of ET-1 in AD vessels compared to vessels from age-matched controls. ET-1 expression and secretion are both induced by the inflammatory and neurotoxic protein thrombin. Pretreatment of neuronal cultures with ET-1 significantly increases neuronal survival when cells are challenged with oxidative stress (H2O2) or thrombin. The protective effect of ET-1 is blocked by incubation with an inhibitor of the c-Jun kinase (JNK) cascade. These data demonstrate that in the brain microvasculature dysfunctional or stressed endothelial cells express ET-1 and that this protein promotes the survival of brain neurons exposed to injury.
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Aβ1−42-evoked generation of ROS is upstream of the elevated level (or potentiated effect) of ET that makes pericytes constrict capillaries.
“These data establish Aβ1−42-evoked generation of ROS as being upstream of the elevated level (30, 31) (or potentiated effect (32)) of ET that makes pericytes constrict capillaries.”
From Amyloid β oligomers constrict human capillaries in Alzheimer's disease via signaling to pericytes (2019) · cites this paper as [30]
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- Authors
- Luo, J., & Grammas, P.
- Affiliations
- Texas Tech University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Grammas, Paula
- Venue
- Journal of Alzheimer's Disease
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2010-09-02
- Volume
- 21
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 887-896
- ISSN
- 1387-2877 (ISSN-L)
- 1875-8908
- OpenAlex
- W1590517687
- Cited by
- 39
- References
- 53
- Citations by year
- 2024: 1 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 3
- FWCI
- 2.60
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Alzheimer s Disease (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute on Aging (AG 15964, AG-020569, AG028367, R01AG028367, R01AG020569, R01AG015964)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Nitric Oxide and Endothelin Effects
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Barrier Structure and Function Studies
- Keywords
- endothelin-1, Alzheimer's disease
- MeSH terms
- Alzheimer Disease, Analysis of Variance, Animals, Brain, Cells, Cultured, Endothelium, Vascular, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, Humans, Neurons, Thrombin, Blotting, Western, Oxidative Stress, Endothelin-1, Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction, Endothelial Cells, Rats, Microvessels
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Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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