Gender Differences in Tea, Coffee, and Cognitive Decline in the Elderly: The Cardiovascular Health Study
Open accessAbstract
Although caffeine can enhance cognitive function acutely, long-term effects of consumption of caffeine-containing beverages such as tea and coffee are uncertain. Data on 4,809 participants aged 65 and older from the Cardiovascular Health Study (CHS) were used to examine the relationship of consumption of tea and coffee, assessed by food frequency questionnaire, on change in cognitive function by gender. Cognitive performance was assessed using serial Modified Mini-Mental State (3MS) examinations, which were administered annually up to 9 times. Linear mixed models were used to estimate rates of change in standard 3MS scores and scores modeled using item response theory (IRT). Models were adjusted for age, education, smoking status, clinic site, diabetes, hypertension, stroke, coronary heart disease, depression score, and APOE genotype. Over the median 7.9 years of follow-up, participants who did not consume tea or coffee declined annually an average of 1.30 points (women) and 1.11 points (men) on standard 3MS scores. In fully adjusted models using either standard or IRT 3MS scores, we found modestly reduced rates of cognitive decline for some, but not all, levels of coffee and tea consumption for women, with no consistent effect for men. Caffeine consumption was also associated with attenuation in cognitive decline in women. Dose-response relationships were not linear. These longitudinal analyses suggest a somewhat attenuated rate of cognitive decline among tea and coffee consumers compared to non-consumers in women but not in men. Whether this association is causal or due to unmeasured confounding requires further study.
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Five recent cohort studies detected the association between caffeine and cognitive outcomes only among women or for specific exposures.
“while 5 recent studies detected this association only among women or for specific exposures [165,169,171-173]”
From Epidemiologic studies of modifiable factors associated with cognition and dementia: systematic review and meta-analysis (2014) · cites this paper as [173]
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Tea and cognitive health in aging: Current evidence and future directions
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- Authors
- Arab, L., Biggs, M. L., O'Meara, E. S., Longstreth, W. T., Crane, P. K., & Fitzpatrick, A. L.
- Affiliations
- University of California, Los Angeles (US)
- University of Washington (US)
- Group Health Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
- Departments of Neurology, Epidemiology and Medicine at University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Corresponding author
- Arab, Lenore
- Venue
- Journal of Alzheimer's Disease
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2011-11-29
- Volume
- 27
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 553-566
- ISSN
- 1387-2877 (ISSN-L)
- 1875-8908
- PMC
- PMC3577072
- OpenAlex
- W2109230018
- Cited by
- 98
- References
- 48
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 4.92
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Journal of Alzheimer s Disease (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (n01hc085082-026, n01hc085081-021, n01hc045133-001, n01hc085079-024, n01hc015103-009, n01hc085084-005, n01cn015103-001, n01hc085085-011, n01hc085083-027, n01hc085080-026, n01hc085086-022, n01hc55222-0-0-0, n01hc075150-004, n01hc035129-010)
- National Institute on Aging (AG 20098, R01AG020098, AG023269, AG027058, R56AG020098, R01AG023629, R01AG015928, R01AG027058, P30AG024827)
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (N01 HC085086, N0-1-HC-85239, N01 HC085079, N01 HC085083, N01HC‐75150, N01 HC85086, N01 HC085080, N01 HC035129, HL-075366, N01 HC015103, N01 HC55222, R01HL075366, N01 HC085085, HHSN268201200036C, N01HC085082, U01HL080295, N01 HC055222, N01 HC085081, HL080295, R01HL080295, N01 HC075150, N01 HC085084, N01 HC045133, N01-HC85079)
- National Cancer Institute (N01 CN015103)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Coffee research and impacts
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutritional Studies and Diet
- Keywords
- tea consumption, coffee consumption
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Cardiovascular Diseases, Coffee, Cognition Disorders, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Prospective Studies, Sex Characteristics, Tea, Cohort Studies
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