Effects of modified constraint-induced movement therapy in virtual environment on upper-limb function in children with spastic hemiparetic cerebral palsy: a randomised controlled trial
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To determine effects of implementing a practice period of modified constraint-induced movement therapy in a virtual environment on upper limb function in children with spastic hemiparetic cerebral palsy. METHODS: In a single-blinded, randomised, controlled trial, 32 participants (18 female, 14 male) received 18 hours training in 3 different groups (virtual reality, modified constraint-induced movement therapy, and a combination group). The fourth group was a control group. Training sessions occurred every other day, 3 times per week for 4-week. Each session lasted for 1.5 hours. Assessment sessions were conducted before, after, and 3-month after treatment period using pediatric motor activity log and the speed and dexterity subtest of the bruininks-oseretsky test of motor proficiency. Data analysis was conducted by ANOVA with repeated measures using SPSS 16.0 with alpha levels set at P< 0.05. RESULTS: Significantly higher gains were observed in the combination therapy group for the amount of limb use (mean change, 2.72), quality of movement (mean change, 2.79), and speed and dexterity (mean change, 1.74) at post-test. These gains were maintained at the 3-month follow-up assessment. CONCLUSIONS: Modified constraint-induced movement therapy in a virtual environment could be a promising rehabilitation procedure to enhance the benefits of both virtual reality and constraint-induced therapy techniques.
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Nineteen studies reported in twenty randomized controlled trials, published between 2002 and 2016, were included in the review.
“Therefore, a total of 19 studies (in 20 RCTs) that were published between 2002 and 2016 were included in this review.41-44,46-61”
From Effectiveness of Virtual Reality in Children With Cerebral Palsy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials (2018) · cites this paper as [47]
When four studies with effect sizes larger than 2.000 were excluded, the overall effect size shifted from 0.861 to 0.510.
“When excluding the 4 studies (Rostami 2012_1 and Rostami 2012_2, 47 Reid, 54 and Tarakci et al 59 ) with ES larger than 2.000, the overall effect size shifted from 0.861 to 0.510.”
From Effectiveness of Virtual Reality in Children With Cerebral Palsy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials (2018) · cites this paper as [47]
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- Authors
- Rostami, H. R., Arastoo, A. A., Nejad, S. J., Mahany, M. K., Malamiri, R. A., & Goharpey, S.
- Affiliations
- Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences (IR)
- Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation Research Centre, Department of Occupational Therapy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Venue
- Neurorehabilitation
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2012-11-12
- Volume
- 31
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 357-365
- ISSN
- 1053-8135 (ISSN-L)
- 1878-6448
- OpenAlex
- W2169194012
- Cited by
- 83
- References
- 22
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 3.65
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Neurorehabilitation (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Cerebral Palsy and Movement Disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Rehabilitation › Stroke Rehabilitation and Recovery
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Neurology › Botulinum Toxin and Related Neurological Disorders
- Keywords
- constraint-induced movement therapy, virtual reality, upper limb function, children, motor rehabilitation, combination therapy, limb use, motor competence
- MeSH terms
- Cerebral Palsy, Child, Exercise Therapy, Female, Humans, Male, Movement, Restraint, Physical, User-Computer Interface, Single-Blind Method, Treatment Outcome, Upper Extremity
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