Evaluating Bone Loss in ISS Astronauts
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: The measurement of bone mineral density (BMD) by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) is the Medical Assessment Test used at the NASA Johnson Space Center to evaluate whether prolonged exposure to spaceflight increases the risk for premature osteoporosis in International Space Station (ISS) astronauts. The DXA scans of crewmembers' BMD during the first decade of the ISS existence showed precipitous declines in BMD for the hip and spine after the typical 6-mo missions. However, a concern exists that skeletal integrity cannot be sufficiently assessed solely by DXA measurement of BMD. Consequently, use of relatively new research technologies is being proposed to NASA for risk surveillance and to enhance long-term management of skeletal health in long-duration astronauts. Sibonga JD, Spector ER, Johnston SL, Tarver WJ. Evaluating bone loss in ISS astronauts.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Space deconditioning effects after 6-month ISS missions include decreased calf muscle volume and power, loss of bone mineral density, and reduction of peak oxygen uptake.
“Examples of these effects include decreased calf muscle volume and power, loss of bone mineral density and reduction of peak oxygen uptake (Trappe et al., 2009; Moore et al., 2014; Sibonga et al., 2015).”
From Human Biomechanical and Cardiopulmonary Responses to Partial Gravity – A Systematic Review (2017) · cites this paper as Sibonga et al., 2015
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Patel, Z. S., Brunstetter, T. J., Tarver, W. J., Whitmire, A. M., Zwart, S. R., Smith, S. M., & Huff, J. L. (2020) · npj Microgravity · doi:10.1038/s41526-020-00124-6 · Cited by 373 · see citing works
Self-citationInfluence of body weight on bone mass, architecture and turnover
Iwaniec, U. T., & Turner, R. T. (2016) · Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1530/joe-16-0089 · Cited by 199 · see citing works
“weight-bearing sites, including the hip and spine after a typical 6-mo mission but negligible impact at many other skeletal sites (Sibonga et al. 2015).”
BackgroundThe effects of microgravity on bone structure and function
Man, J., Graham, T., Squires-Donelly, G., & Laslett, A. L. (2022) · npj Microgravity · doi:10.1038/s41526-022-00194-8 · Cited by 160 · see citing works
Vico, L., van Rietbergen, B., Vilayphiou, N., Linossier, M., Locrelle, H., Normand, M., Zouch, M., Gerbaix, M., Bonnet, N., Novikov, V., et al. (2017) · Journal of Bone and Mineral Research · doi:10.1002/jbmr.3188 · Cited by 150 · see citing works
“The distal radius was preserved at landing as expected,((4,27,28)) but developed a progressive fragility during the postflight follow-up.”
BackgroundSibonga, J., Matsumoto, T., Jones, J., Shapiro, J., Lang, T., Shackelford, L., Smith, S. M., Young, M., Keyak, J., Kohri, K., et al. (2019) · Bone · doi:10.1016/j.bone.2019.07.013 · Cited by 142 · see citing works
Self-citationJourney into Bone Models: A Review
Scheinpflug, J., Pfeiffenberger, M., Damerau, A., Schwarz, F., Textor, M., Lang, A., & Schulze, F. (2018) · Genes · doi:10.3390/genes9050247 · Cited by 122 · see citing works
High intensity training during spaceflight: results from the NASA Sprint Study
English, K. L., Downs, M. E., Goetchius, E., Buxton, R., Ryder, J. W., Ploutz-Snyder, R. J., Guilliams, M. E., Scott, J. M., & Ploutz‐Snyder, L. L. (2020) · npj Microgravity · doi:10.1038/s41526-020-00111-x · Cited by 102 · see citing works
Scott, J. P. R., Weber, T., & Green, D. A. (2019) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2019.00173 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Zebrafish Models of Human Skeletal Disorders: Embryo and Adult Swimming Together
Carnovali, M., Banfi, G., & Mariotti, M. (2019) · BioMed Research International · doi:10.1155/2019/1253710 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
“Clinical studies on astronauts revealed that an average of 1 to 2 percent of bonemass can be lost each month [81].”
BackgroundHuman Biomechanical and Cardiopulmonary Responses to Partial Gravity – A Systematic Review
Richter, C., Braunstein, B., Winnard, A., Nasser, M., & Weber, T. (2017) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2017.00583 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
“Examples of these effects include decreased calf muscle volume and power, loss of bone mineral density and reduction of peak oxygen uptake (Trappe et al., 2009; Moore et al., 2014; Sibonga et al., 2015).”
BackgroundSpaceflight-Induced Bone Tissue Changes that Affect Bone Quality and Increase Fracture Risk
Coulombe, J. C., Senwar, B., & Ferguson, V. L. (2020) · Current Osteoporosis Reports · doi:10.1007/s11914-019-00540-y · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Gravity sensing in plant and animal cells
Takahashi, K., Takahashi, H., Furuichi, T., Toyota, M., Furutani‐Seiki, M., Kobayashi, T., Watanabe‐Takano, H., Shinohara, M., Numaga‐Tomita, T., Sakaue-Sawano, A., et al. (2021) · npj Microgravity · doi:10.1038/s41526-020-00130-8 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Estrogen and estrogen receptors mediate the mechanobiology of bone disease and repair
Shi, V. Y., & Morgan, E. F. (2024) · Bone · doi:10.1016/j.bone.2024.117220 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Keay, N., Francis, G., Entwistle, I. R., & Hind, K. (2019) · BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine · doi:10.1136/bmjsem-2019-000523 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
“This rate of BMD loss is commensurate with that in astronauts performing 2 hours daily of gravity-simulated exercise on the international space station.(22)”
ResultMaffiuletti, N. A., Green, D. A., Vaz, M. A., & Dirks, M. L. (2019) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2019.01031 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
“, 2017), indicative that deconditioning is not entirely prevented (English et al., 2015; Sibonga et al., 2015).”
BackgroundWinnard, A., Scott, J., Waters, N., Vance, M., & Caplan, N. (2019) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2019.01046 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Mechanosensitive miRNAs and Bone Formation
Chen, Z., Zhang, Y., Liang, C., Chen, L., Zhang, G., & Qian, A. (2017) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms18081684 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Transcriptomics, NF-κB Pathway, and Their Potential Spaceflight-Related Health Consequences
Zhang, Y., Moreno‐Villanueva, M., Krieger, S., Ramesh, G. T., Neelam, S., & Wu, H. (2017) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms18061166 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
“The loss of bone mineral density (BMD) has been reported to be approximately 1% per month during spaceflight [4].”
BackgroundScott, J. P. R., Kramer, A., Petersen, N., & Green, D. A. (2021) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2021.614619 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Furukawa, S., Chatani, M., Higashitani, A., Higashibata, A., Kawano, F., Nikawa, T., Numaga‐Tomita, T., Ogura, T., Sato, F., Sehara‐Fujisawa, A., et al. (2021) · npj Microgravity · doi:10.1038/s41526-021-00145-9 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Sibonga, J. D., Spector, E. R., Keyak, J. H., Zwart, S. R., Smith, S. M., & Lang, T. (2019) · Journal of Clinical Densitometry · doi:10.1016/j.jocd.2019.08.005 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Self-citationRelationship between melatonin and bone resorption rhythms in premenopausal women
Hilaire, M. A. S., Rahman, S. A., Gooley, J. J., Witt‐Enderby, P. A., & Lockley, S. W. (2018) · Journal of Bone and Mineral Metabolism · doi:10.1007/s00774-017-0896-6 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
“1 3 an environment where bone health is of major concern [46, 47].”
Perception and response of skeleton to mechanical stress
Ding, S., Chen, Y., Huang, C., Song, L., Liang, Z., & Wei, B. (2024) · Physics of Life Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.plrev.2024.03.011 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Microgravity-induced alterations of mouse bones are compartment- and site-specific and vary with age
Coulombe, J. C., Sarazin, B. A., Mullen, Z., Ortega, A. M., Livingston, E. W., Bateman, T. A., Stodieck, L., Lynch, M. E., & Ferguson, V. L. (2021) · Bone · doi:10.1016/j.bone.2021.116021 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Yu, K., Doherty, A. H., Genik, P. C., Gookin, S. E., Roteliuk, D. M., Wojda, S. J., Jiang, Z.-S., McGee‐Lawrence, M. E., Weil, M. M., & Donahue, S. W. (2017) · Life Sciences in Space Research · doi:10.1016/j.lssr.2017.08.004 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
“This bone loss can increase risk of fracture immediately upon return to normal gravitational loading, and may exacerbate the development of normal age-related osteoporosis (Sibonga et al., 2015).”
BackgroundDreiner, M., Willwacher, S., Krämer, A., Kümmel, J., Frett, T., Zaucke, F., Liphardt, A., Grüber, M., & Niehoff, A. (2020) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2020.01032 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Sandal, P. H., Kim, D., Fiebig, L., et al. (2020) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0234412 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
“Bone loss during spaceflight is estimated to be approximately 1% per month, primarily affecting the weight-bearing bones, although there appears significant inter-individual variation between crewmembers [16].”
BackgroundHeinicke, C., Adeli, S., Baqué, M., Correale, G., Fateri, M., Jaret, S. J., Kopacz, N., Ormö, J., Poulet, L., & Verseux, C. (2021) · Advances in Space Research · doi:10.1016/j.asr.2021.04.047 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Dietary countermeasure mitigates simulated spaceflight-induced osteopenia in mice
Steczina, S., Tahimic, C. G. T., Pendleton, M. M., M’Saad, O., Lowe, M. G., Alwood, J. S., Halloran, B. P., Globus, R. K., & Schreurs, A. (2020) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-020-63404-x · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Sarkar, R., & Pampaloni, F. (2022) · Biomedicines · doi:10.3390/biomedicines10040766 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
The Case for Bisphosphonate Use in Astronauts Flying Long-Duration Missions
Rosenthal, R. M., Schneider, V. S., Jones, J. A., & Sibonga, J. D. (2024) · Cells · doi:10.3390/cells13161337 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
“As previously alluded, the consequence of spaceflight-related bone loss is likely sub-clinical after space missions of 6 months (postflight aBMD T-scores > − 2.5) [9].”
BackgroundInfluentialSelf-citationOptimization of Exercise Countermeasures to Spaceflight Using Blood Flow Restriction
Hughes, L., Hackney, K. J., & Patterson, S. D. (2022) · Aerospace Medicine and Human Performance · doi:10.3357/amhp.5855.2021 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Wu, Z., Hu, L., Ru, K., et al. (2023) · Phytomedicine · doi:10.1016/j.phymed.2023.154745 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
DeVirgiliis, L., Goode, N. J., McDowell, K. W., English, K. L., Novo, R., Botros, V., Agwu, G., Scott, J. M., & Ploutz‐Snyder, L. L. (2025) · Experimental Physiology · doi:10.1113/ep091595 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
“Bone mineral density is reduced (Sibonga et al., 2015; Smith et al., 2015), and bone architecture is altered, as observed by changes in trabecular structure (Sibonga, 2013).”
Diet and adult age‐at‐death among mobile foragers: A synthesis of bioarcheological methods
Pfeiffer, S., Cameron, M. E., Sealy, J. C., & Beresheim, A. C. (2019) · American Journal of Physical Anthropology · doi:10.1002/ajpa.23883 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Goodenow, D., Gökoğlu, S. A., Kassemi, M., & Myers, J. G. (2022) · npj Microgravity · doi:10.1038/s41526-021-00187-z · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Sadeghian, F., Divsalar, D. N., Fadil, R., Tavakolian, K., & Blaber, A. P. (2022) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2022.943630 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
“As a result, comparison to earlier missions (Sibonga et al., 2015) or to a period before a substantial change in hardware (English et al.”
BackgroundResultBöcker, J., Schmitz, M., Mittag, U., Jordan, J., & Rittweger, J. (2022) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2021.743876 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Causal diagramming for assessing human system risk in spaceflight
Antonsen, E., Reynolds, R. J., Charvat, J. M., Connell, E., Monti, A., Petersen, D., Nartey, N., Anton, W., Abukmail, A., Marotta, K., et al. (2024) · npj Microgravity · doi:10.1038/s41526-024-00375-7 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Navigating mental health in space: gut–brain axis and microbiome dynamics
Yang, J., Kim, H.-D., Barrila, J., Lee, S. M., Nickerson, C. A., Ott, C. M., Israel, S., Choukèr, A., & Yang, J. (2025) · Experimental & Molecular Medicine · doi:10.1038/s12276-025-01488-z · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Potekhina, Y. P., Filatova, A. I., Трегубова, Е. С., & Мохов, Д. Е. (2020) · Современные технологии в медицине · doi:10.17691/stm2020.12.4.10 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Effects of Plantar Vibration on Bone and Deep Fascia in a Rat Hindlimb Unloading Model of Disuse
Huang, Y., Fan, Y., Salanova, M., et al. (2018) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2018.00616 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
“However, exercise countermeasures presently adopted in space have only limited success (Korth, 2015; Sibonga et al., 2015) suggesting optimization of countermeasure prescriptions for the benefit of successful future long-term spaceflight missions.”
BackgroundAltered rodent gait characteristics after ~35 days in orbit aboard the International Space Station
Kwok, A. T., Rosas, S., Bateman, T. A., Livingston, E. W., Smith, T. L., Moore, J., Zawieja, D. C., Hampton, T. G., Mao, X. W., Delp, M. D., et al. (2019) · Life Sciences in Space Research · doi:10.1016/j.lssr.2019.10.010 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Alghamdi, F. A., Owen, R., Ashton, R. E. M., Obotiba, A. D., Meertens, R. M., Hyde, E., Faghy, M. A., KNAPP, K. M., Rogers, P., & Strain, W. D. (2022) · Radiography · doi:10.1016/j.radi.2022.08.009 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Bazika-Gerasch, B., Maier, C., Kumowski, N., Fiege, C., Kaisler, M., Vollert, J., & Dietrich, J. W. (2019) · Pain · doi:10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001520 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
“mean 6 SD (range) 38 6 39 (4-156) 58 6 73 (3-342) 0.”
Neurosurgery and spinal adaptations in spaceflight: A literature review
Lazzari, Z. T., Aria, K. M., & Menger, R. (2021) · Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery · doi:10.1016/j.clineuro.2021.106755 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Liu, X., Zhang, K., Wang, L., Geng, B., Liu, Z., Yi, Q., & Xia, Y. (2022) · Physiological Research · doi:10.33549/physiolres.934922 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Alghamdi, F., Mokbel, K., Meertens, R. M., Obotiba, A. D., Alharbi, M., KNAPP, K. M., & Strain, W. D. (2024) · Viruses · doi:10.3390/v16111694 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Braddock, M. (2020) · Space and society · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-42036-9_5 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Krivonosov, Y. S., Gulimova, V. I., Buzmakov, A. V., Zolotov, D. A., Cedola, A., Bukreeva, I., Асадчиков, В. Е., & Saveliev, S. V. (2021) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2021.752893 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Radiation neurobiology of long-term spaceflights
Олегович, С. А., Ушаков, И. Б., Sapetsky, N. V., Shtemberg, A. S., Kositsin, N. S., & Timofeev, N. N. (2017) · Biology Bulletin Reviews · doi:10.1134/s2079086417060068 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
“C2 The risk of early onset of osteoporosis due to the impact of spaceflight factors (Sibonga et al., 2015)”
BackgroundRepeated Horizontal Jumping is a Feasible Exercise Countermeasure for Microgravity
Cleather, D. J., Price, P., & Kennett, J. E. (2022) · Microgravity Science and Technology · doi:10.1007/s12217-022-09987-8 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
“These effects are wide ranging and include a loss of bone mineral density (BMD), muscle strength, aerobic fitness and musculoskeletal function (Rittweger et al. 2018; Sibonga et al. 2015; Moore et al. 2014).”
BackgroundCountermeasures to Loss of Muscle and Bone During Spaceflight
Thornton, W., & Bonato, F. C. (2017) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-32829-4_7 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Jones, E. J., Kennett, J. E., & Green, D. A. (2020) · Journal of Biomechanics · doi:10.1016/j.jbiomech.2020.110206 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Pintus, G., Akram, M. A., Giordo, R., Caggiari, G., & Majdalawieh, A. F. (2025) · Free Radical Biology and Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2025.11.048 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Bellagio II Report: Terrestrial Applications of Space Medicine Research
Sides, M. B., Johnston, S. L., Sirek, A., Lee, P. H. U., Blue, R. S., Antonsen, E., Basner, M., Douglas, G. L., Epstein, A. W., Flynn‐Evans, E. E., et al. (2021) · Aerospace Medicine and Human Performance · doi:10.3357/amhp.5843.2021 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Self-citationFirst Void Urinary Calcium for Tracking Bone Loss and Kidney Stone Risk in Space
Thamer, S. B., & Buckey, J. C. (2022) · Aerospace Medicine and Human Performance · doi:10.3357/amhp.5979.2022 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Adequacy of in-mission training to treat tibial shaft fractures in mars analogue testing
Manon, J., Saint‐Guillain, M., Pletser, V., et al. (2023) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-023-43878-1 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
“Prevention strategies to limit the BMD loss are unavoidable and have been explored extensively in the literature, but are also fallible 7 .”
BackgroundCerbone, L. A. (2025) · Physica Medica · doi:10.1016/j.ejmp.2025.105197 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Chhabrani, A., Shivamallu, A. B., Bharadwaj, R. S., Kale, R., & Kathuria, A. (2024) · Acta Astronautica · doi:10.1016/j.actaastro.2024.03.014 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Price, P., Kennett, J. E., Scott, J. P. R., Green, D. A., & Cleather, D. J. (2024) · Microgravity Science and Technology · doi:10.1007/s12217-024-10114-y · Cited by 4 · see citing works
“Whilst the magnitude of astronaut deconditioning has tended to reduce due to exercise countermeasure device upgrades (Ploutz-Snyder et al. 2018) deconditioning can be significant, albeit variable between crewmembers (Scott et al. 2019; Sibonga et al. 2015).”
An Update on Neuroaging on Earth and in Spaceflight
Kuznetsov, N. V., Statsenko, Y., & Ljubisavljevic, M. (2025) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms26041738 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Characterization of the murine spine for spaceflight studies
Lim, S., Veres, J. E., Almeida, E. A. C., & O’Connell, G. D. (2025) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0301316 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
“Previous studies in Low Earth Orbit (LEO), have indicated that spaceflight leads to reductions in bone mineral density (BMD) of the lumbar vertebrae, muscle atrophy in the trunk, and increases in disc herniation risk [1–3].”
Beyond the lab coat: methodological challenges in space life sciences
Puyvelde, M. V., van den Berg, N., Stas, L., Savieri, P., Corluy, H. C., Cutsem, J. V., Neyt, X., Simonelli, G., & Pattyn, N. (2025) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2025.1663701 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
“Similarly, some authors pooled blood sample data (e.g., Bisserier et al., 2021; Brojakowska et al., 2022) or densitometry results (Sibonga et al., 2015) across ISS and MIR missions.”
Giguère, R., Marois, A., Fortin‐Guichard, D., Charest, J., Rocheleau, J., Thompson, K., Stolberg, M., St‐Martin, P., Bergouignan, A., Niaussat, V., et al. (2026) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2025.1729596 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Mechanosensitive MicroRNAs and Bone Formation
Chen, Z., Zhang, Y., Huai, Y., Zhao, F., Hu, L., Yang, C., Tian, Y. E., & Qian, A. (2021) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-16-2402-5_4 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Zaccarine, S. A., & Klaus, D. M. (2024) · Acta Astronautica · doi:10.1016/j.actaastro.2024.07.055 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Physiological Requirements of a Lunar Base Crew
Mulcahy, R. A., Douglas, G. L., McCoy, T., & Antonsen, E. (2022) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-05323-9_2-1 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Żyłka, M., Żyłka, W., & Klukowski, K. (2023) · Advances in Science and Technology – Research Journal · doi:10.12913/22998624/167935 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Khoshvaghti, A. (2019) · IntechOpen eBooks · doi:10.5772/intechopen.82314 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Repeated horizontal jumping is a feasible exercise countermeasure for microgravityPreprint
Cleather, D. J., Price, P., & Kennett, J. E. (2022) · doi:10.31219/osf.io/ts4v5 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Loss of Muscle and Bone During Spaceflight
Thornton, W., & Bonato, F. C. (2017) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-32829-4_6 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Cleather, D. J., & Kennett, J. E. (2024) · Microgravity Science and Technology · doi:10.1007/s12217-024-10126-8 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
“When astronauts spend time in microgravity they experi - ence a significant loss of musculoskeletal health and car - diovascular fitness (Moore et al. 2014; Narici and de Boer 2011; Rittweger et al. 2018; Sibonga et al. 2015).”
Optical analysis of cortical bone tissue in modelling bone resorption in microgravity environment
Timchenko, E. V., Timchenko, P. E., Pisareva, E. V., et al. (2021) · AIP conference proceedings · doi:10.1063/5.0036909 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
International Space Station (ISS) Exercise Countermeasures
Sawin, C. F. (2019) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-10152-1_137-1 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
International Space Station (ISS) Exercise Countermeasures
Sawin, C. F. (2020) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-10152-1_137-2
Spaceflight Medical Operations
Dervay, J. P., Brandt, K. E., & Sanders, R. (2021) · American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics eBooks · doi:10.2514/5.9781624104770.0457.0492
Novel Technologies to Augment Advanced Portable Life Support Systems in Space
Johnson, P. A., Johnson, J. C., & Mardon, A. A. (2022) · AIAA SciTech Forum · doi:10.2514/6.2022-1141
International Space Station (ISS) Exercise Countermeasures
Sawin, C. F. (2021) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-12191-8_137
Min, W. A. N. G., Wang, S., Yang, X. M., et al. (2019) · Chinese Journal of Space Science · doi:10.11728/cjss2019.01.100
Cleather, D. J., & Kennett, J. E. (2024) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-4251919/v1
Böcker, J., Schmitz, M., Hoffmann, L., Bloch, W., & Rittweger, J. (2025) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2025.1645482
The effects of spaceflight countermeasures on trabecular bone score (TBS) of the lumbar spine
Anderson, K. D., Spector, E. R., Ploutz-Snyder, R. J., Yardley, G., Watts, N. B., Hans, D., & Sibonga, J. D. (2026) · Archives of Osteoporosis · doi:10.1007/s11657-025-01624-2
“DXA images obtained preflight and postflight [1, 19] for an astronaut on a single spaceflight were acquired by one DXA operator using the same scanner and software (Discovery W, Hologic, Waltham, MA) at NASA JSC, Houston TX while the longitudinal DXA images from either the triennial testing of…”
InfluentialSelf-citationSun, R., Yang, Y., Wang, Y., et al. (2026) · Life Sciences in Space Research · doi:10.1016/j.lssr.2026.03.002
Exercise Countermeasure Systems on the International Space Station
Seedhouse, E. (2026) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-09575-2_3-1
Astronauts of the US National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA): cohort profile
Jacobs, S., Charvat, J. M., Reitzel, R., Wear, M. L., & Baalen, M. G. V. (2026) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2025-112490
“22 Following retirement from flight, former astronauts receive primary care services and specialty medical services outside of NASA.”
Increased Rates of Hip Fractures Associated With Longer Spaceflight Durations
Taylor, T. N., Young, M., Spector, E. R., Kreykes, A. J., & Sibonga, J. D. (2026) · Mayo Clinic Proceedings · doi:10.1016/j.mayocp.2026.06.025
Self-citation
- Authors
- Sibonga, J. D., Spector, E. R., Johnston, S. L., & Tarver, W. J.
- Affiliations
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration (US)
- Venue
- Aerospace Medicine and Human Performance
- Publisher
- Aerospace Medical Association
- Published
- 2015-12-01
- Volume
- 86
- Issue
- 12:Supplement
- Pages
- A38-A44
- ISSN
- 2375-6314 (ISSN-L)
- 2375-6322
- OpenAlex
- W2187201038
- Cited by
- 88
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 1
- FWCI
- 2.95
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Aerospace Medicine and Human Performance (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Spaceflight effects on biology
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Orthopedics and Sports Medicine › Bone health and osteoporosis research
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Aerospace Engineering › Space Exploration and Technology
- Keywords
- bone loss, bone mineral density, osteoporosis risk, spaceflight, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, long-duration spaceflight
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Female, Femur, Femur Neck, Humans, Lumbar Vertebrae, Male, Middle Aged, Osteoporosis, Pelvic Bones, Space Flight, Absorptiometry, Photon, Bone Density, Astronauts, Spacecraft
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
