Influence of body weight on bone mass, architecture and turnover
Open accessAbstract
Weight-dependent loading of the skeleton plays an important role in establishing and maintaining bone mass and strength. This review focuses on mechanical signaling induced by body weight as an essential mechanism for maintaining bone health. In addition, the skeletal effects of deviation from normal weight are discussed. The magnitude of mechanical strain experienced by bone during normal activities is remarkably similar among vertebrates, regardless of size, supporting the existence of a conserved regulatory mechanism, or mechanostat, that senses mechanical strain. The mechanostat functions as an adaptive mechanism to optimize bone mass and architecture based on prevailing mechanical strain. Changes in weight, due to altered mass, weightlessness (spaceflight), and hypergravity (modeled by centrifugation), induce an adaptive skeletal response. However, the precise mechanisms governing the skeletal response are incompletely understood. Furthermore, establishing whether the adaptive response maintains the mechanical competence of the skeleton has proven difficult, necessitating the development of surrogate measures of bone quality. The mechanostat is influenced by regulatory inputs to facilitate non-mechanical functions of the skeleton, such as mineral homeostasis, as well as hormones and energy/nutrient availability that support bone metabolism. Although the skeleton is very capable of adapting to changes in weight, the mechanostat has limits. At the limits, extreme deviations from normal weight and body composition are associated with impaired optimization of bone strength to prevailing body size.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Our patients and the population cohort were not matched on BMI.
“Firstly, our patients and the population cohort were not matched on BMI (30).”
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Xu, H., Barnes, G. T., Yang, Q., Tan, G., Yang, D., Chou, C. J., Sole, J., Nichols, A., Ross, J. S., Tartaglia, L. A., et al. (2003) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci200319451 · Cited by 6,760 · see citing works
Leptin and the regulation of body weight in mammals
Friedman, J. M., & Halaas, J. L. (1998) · Nature · doi:10.1038/27376 · Cited by 5,405 · see citing works
Marrow Stromal Cells as Stem Cells for Nonhematopoietic Tissues
Prockop, D. J. (1997) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.276.5309.71 · Cited by 4,629 · see citing works
Campfield, L. A., Smith, F. J., Guisez, Y., Devos, R., & Burn, P. (1995) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.7624778 · Cited by 3,243 · see citing works
Congenital leptin deficiency is associated with severe early-onset obesity in humans
Montague, C. T., Farooqi, I. S., Whitehead, J. P., Soos, M. A., Rau, H., Wareham, N. J., Sewter, C. P., Digby, J. E., Mohammed, S. N., Hurst, J. A., et al. (1997) · Nature · doi:10.1038/43185 · Cited by 2,936 · see citing works
Bariatric Surgery Worldwide 2013
Angrisani, L., Santonicola, A., Iovino, P., Formisano, G., Buchwald, H., & Scopinaro, N. (2015) · Obesity Surgery · doi:10.1007/s11695-015-1657-z · Cited by 1,492 · see citing works
Ahima, R. S., & Flier, J. S. (2000) · Annual Review of Physiology · doi:10.1146/annurev.physiol.62.1.413 · Cited by 1,428 · see citing works
A systematic review of hip fracture incidence and probability of fracture worldwide
Kanis, J. A., Odén, A., McCloskey, E. V., Johansson, H., Wahl, D. A., Cooper, C. C., & on behalf of the IOF Working Group on Epidemiology and Quality of Life (2012) · Osteoporosis International · doi:10.1007/s00198-012-1964-3 · Cited by 1,382 · see citing works
Identification of SOCS-3 as a Potential Mediator of Central Leptin Resistance
Bjørbæk, C., Elmquist, J. K., Frantz, J. D., Shoelson, S. E., & Flier, J. S. (1998) · Molecular Cell · doi:10.1016/s1097-2765(00)80062-3 · Cited by 1,014 · see citing works
PPAR γ insufficiency enhances osteogenesis through osteoblast formation from bone marrow progenitors
Akune, T., Ohba, S., Kamekura, S., Yamaguchi, M., Chung, U., Kubota, N., Terauchi, Y., Harada, Y., Azuma, Y., Nakamura, K., et al. (2004) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci19900 · Cited by 871 · see citing works
Vico, L., Collet, P., Guignandon, A., Lafage-Proust, M.-H., Thomas, T., Rehailia, M., & Alexandre, C. (2000) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(00)02217-0 · Cited by 821 · see citing works
Effect of fasting on serum leptin in normal human subjects
Boden, G. (1996) · Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.81.9.3419 · Cited by 809 · see citing works
AGE‐RELATED CHANGES IN THE STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF SKELETAL MUSCLES
Faulkner, J. A., Larkin, L. M., Claflin, D. R., & Brooks, S. V. (2007) · Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology · doi:10.1111/j.1440-1681.2007.04752.x · Cited by 764 · see citing works
PPAR γ insufficiency enhances osteogenesis through osteoblast formation from bone marrow progenitors
Akune, T., Ohba, S., Kamekura, S., et al. (2004) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci200419900 · Cited by 730 · see citing works
Bone mineral accrual from 8 to 30 years of age: An estimation of peak bone mass
Baxter-Jones, A. D., Faulkner, R. A., Forwood, M. R., Mirwald, R. L., & Bailey, D. A. (2011) · Journal of Bone and Mineral Research · doi:10.1002/jbmr.412 · Cited by 683 · see citing works
Kilroy, G. E., Foster, S. J., Wu, X., Ruiz, J., Sherwood, S., Heifetz, A., Ludlow, J. W., Stricker, D. M., Potiny, S., Green, P., et al. (2007) · Journal of Cellular Physiology · doi:10.1002/jcp.21068 · Cited by 642 · see citing works
Frost, H. M. (1987) · PubMed · Cited by 612 · see citing works
Leptin in Human Physiology and Pathophysiology
Mantzoros, C. S., Magkos, F., Brinkoetter, M., Sienkiewicz, E., Dardeno, T. A., Kim, S.-Y., Hamnvik, O.-P. R., & Koniaris, A. (2011) · American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00315.2011 · Cited by 593 · see citing works
Obesity Is Not Protective against Fracture in Postmenopausal Women: GLOW
Compston, J. E., Watts, N. B., Chapurlat, R., Cooper, C., Boonen, S., Greenspan, S., Pfeilschifter, J., Silverman, S., Díez-Pérez, A., Lindsay, R., et al. (2011) · The American Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amjmed.2011.06.013 · Cited by 552 · see citing works
Bone involvement in sickle cell disease
Almeida, A. M., & Roberts, I. A. G. (2005) · British Journal of Haematology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2141.2005.05476.x · Cited by 445 · see citing works
Newman, A. B., Lee, J. S., Visser, M., Goodpaster, B. H., Kritchevsky, S. B., Tylavsky, F. A., Nevitt, M., & Harris, T. B. (2005) · The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/82.4.872 · Cited by 445 · see citing works
The paradoxical nature of hunter-gatherer diets: meat-based, yet non-atherogenic
Cordain, L., Eaton, S., Brand-Miller, J. C., Mann, N. J., & Hill, K. R. (2002) · European Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1038/sj.ejcn.1601353 · Cited by 418 · see citing works
Dynamic strain similarity in vertebrates; an alternative to allometric limb bone scaling
Rubin, C. T., & Lanyon, L. E. (1984) · Journal of Theoretical Biology · doi:10.1016/s0022-5193(84)80031-4 · Cited by 417 · see citing works
Mechanical regulation of signaling pathways in bone
Thompson, W. R., Rubin, C. T., & Rubin, J. E. (2012) · Gene · doi:10.1016/j.gene.2012.04.076 · Cited by 410 · see citing works
Fritton, S. P., McLeod, K. J., & Rubin, C. T. (2000) · Journal of Biomechanics · doi:10.1016/s0021-9290(99)00210-9 · Cited by 405 · see citing works
Increased Bone Marrow Fat in Anorexia Nervosa
Bredella, M. A., Fazeli, P. K., Miller, K. K., Misra, M., Torriani, M., Thomas, B. J., Ghomi, R. H., Rosen, C. J., & Klibanski, A. (2009) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2008-2532 · Cited by 387 · see citing works
Association Between Bone Mass and Fractures in Children: A Prospective Cohort Study
Clark, E., Ness, A., Bishop, N. J., & Tobias, J. H. (2006) · Journal of Bone and Mineral Research · doi:10.1359/jbmr.060601 · Cited by 377 · see citing works
Bone loss in inflammatory disorders
Hardy, R., & Cooper, M. S. (2009) · Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1677/joe-08-0568 · Cited by 365 · see citing works
Caloric restriction leads to high marrow adiposity and low bone mass in growing mice
Devlin, M. J., Cloutier, A., Thomas, N. A., Panus, D. A., Lotinun, S., Pinz, I. M., Baron, R., Rosen, C. J., & Bouxsein, M. (2010) · Journal of Bone and Mineral Research · doi:10.1002/jbmr.82 · Cited by 363 · see citing works
Bone Metabolism in Obesity and Weight Loss
Shapses, S. A., & Sukumar, D. (2012) · Annual Review of Nutrition · doi:10.1146/annurev.nutr.012809.104655 · Cited by 347 · see citing works
Prieto‐Alhambra, D., Premaor, M. O., Avilés, F. F., Hermosilla, E., Martínez-Laguna, D., Carbonell-Abella, C., Nogués, X., Compston, J. E., & Díez‐Pérez, A. (2011) · Journal of Bone and Mineral Research · doi:10.1002/jbmr.1466 · Cited by 335 · see citing works
Obesity and fractures in postmenopausal women
Premaor, M. O., Pilbrow, L., Tonkin, C., Parker, R. A., & Compston, J. E. (2009) · Journal of Bone and Mineral Research · doi:10.1359/jbmr.091004 · Cited by 304 · see citing works
Effect of Fasting, Refeeding, and Dietary Fat Restriction on Plasma Leptin Levels
Weigle, D. S. (1997) · Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.82.2.561 · Cited by 287 · see citing works
Peripheral leptin regulates bone formation
Turner, R. T., Kalra, S. P., Wong, C. P., Philbrick, K. A., Lindenmaier, L. B., Boghossian, S., & Iwaniec, U. T. (2013) · Journal of Bone and Mineral Research · doi:10.1002/jbmr.1734 · Cited by 264 · see citing works
Thermoregulation and non-shivering thermogenesis in the genetically obese (ob/ob) mouse
Trayhurn, P., & James, W. P. T. (1978) · Pflügers Archiv - European Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1007/bf00584859 · Cited by 257 · see citing works
Obesity and fracture in men and women: an epidemiologic perspective
Nielson, C. M., Srikanth, P., & Orwoll, E. S. (2012) · Journal of Bone and Mineral Research · doi:10.1002/jbmr.1486 · Cited by 253 · see citing works
Calcium and Bone Metabolism During Pregnancy and Lactation
Kovács, C. S. (2005) · Journal of Mammary Gland Biology and Neoplasia · doi:10.1007/s10911-005-5394-0 · Cited by 251 · see citing works
Bone, Body Weight, and Weight Reduction: What Are the Concerns?
Shapses, S. A., & Riedt, C. S. (2006) · The Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1093/jn/136.6.1453 · Cited by 247 · see citing works
Sibonga, J. D., Evans, H. J., Sung, H. G., Spector, E. R., Lang, T. F., Oganov, V. S., Bakulin, A. V., Shackelford, L. C., & LeBlanc, A. D. (2007) · Bone · doi:10.1016/j.bone.2007.08.022 · Cited by 242 · see citing works
Impaired transport of leptin across the blood-brain barrier in obesity is acquired and reversible
Banks, W. A., & Farrell, C. L. (2003) · American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00468.2002 · Cited by 241 · see citing works
Bone and fat connection in aging bone
Duque, G. (2008) · Current Opinion in Rheumatology · doi:10.1097/bor.0b013e3283025e9c · Cited by 235 · see citing works
Greco, E., Fornari, R., Rossi, F., Santiemma, V., Prossomariti, G., Annoscia, C., Aversa, A., Brama, M., Marini, M., Donini, L., et al. (2010) · International journal of clinical practice · doi:10.1111/j.1742-1241.2009.02301.x · Cited by 228 · see citing works
Effects of spaceflight on trabecular bone in rats
Jee, W. S. S., Wronski, T. J., Morey, E. R., & Kimmel, D. B. (1983) · American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpregu.1983.244.3.r310 · Cited by 225 · see citing works
Regulation of energy balance by leptin
Hamann, A., & Matthaei, S. (2009) · Experimental and Clinical Endocrinology & Diabetes · doi:10.1055/s-0029-1211457 · Cited by 219 · see citing works
Impact Exercise Increases BMC During Growth: An 8-Year Longitudinal Study
Gunter, K. B., Baxter-Jones, A. D. G., Mirwald, R. L., Almstedt, H. C., Fuchs, R. K., Durski, S., & Snow, C. M. (2007) · Journal of Bone and Mineral Research · doi:10.1359/jbmr.071201 · Cited by 218 · see citing works
Obesity is associated with a decreased leptin transport across the blood-brain barrier in rats.
Burguera, B. G., Couce, M., Curran, G. L., Jensen, M. D., Lloyd, R. V., Cleary, M. P., & Poduslo, J. F. (2000) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diabetes.49.7.1219 · Cited by 216 · see citing works
Dimitri, P., Bishop, N. J., Walsh, J., & Eastell, R. (2011) · Bone · doi:10.1016/j.bone.2011.05.011 · Cited by 213 · see citing works
Bone Metabolism After Bariatric Surgery
Yu, E. W.-Y. (2014) · Journal of Bone and Mineral Research · doi:10.1002/jbmr.2226 · Cited by 212 · see citing works
Sugiyama, T., Meakin, L. B., Browne, W. J., Galea, G. L., Price, J. S., & Lanyon, L. E. (2012) · Journal of Bone and Mineral Research · doi:10.1002/jbmr.1599 · Cited by 210 · see citing works
Westerlind, K. C., Wronski, T. J., Ritman, E. L., Luo, Z.-P., An, K., Bell, N. H., & Turner, R. T. (1997) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.94.8.4199 · Cited by 207 · see citing works
Self-citationOrwoll, E. S., Adler, R. A., Amin, S., Binkley, N., Lewiecki, E. M., Petak, S. M., Shapses, S. A., Sinaki, M., Watts, N. B., & Sibonga, J. D. (2013) · Journal of Bone and Mineral Research · doi:10.1002/jbmr.1948 · Cited by 184 · see citing works
Tian, X., Jee, W. S. S., Li, X., Pászty, C., & Ke, H. Z. (2010) · Bone · doi:10.1016/j.bone.2010.09.009 · Cited by 178 · see citing works
Paleolithic vs. modern diets - slected pathophysiological implications
Eaton, S. B., & Eaton, S. B. (2000) · European Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1007/s003940070032 · Cited by 170 · see citing works
Sienkiewicz, E., Magkos, F., Aronis, K. N., Brinkoetter, M., Chamberland, J. P., Chou, S., Arampatzi, K. M., Gao, C., Koniaris, A., & Mantzoros, C. S. (2011) · Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.metabol.2011.05.016 · Cited by 166 · see citing works
A new rat model simulating some aspects of space flight.
Morey, E. R., Sabelman, E. E., Turner, R. T., & Baylink, D. J. (1979) · PubMed · Cited by 165 · see citing works
Self-citationQuantifying the material and structural determinants of bone strength
Bouxsein, M., & Seeman, E. (2009) · Best Practice & Research Clinical Rheumatology · doi:10.1016/j.berh.2009.09.008 · Cited by 156 · see citing works
Female reproductive system and bone
Clarke, B. L., & Khosla, S. (2010) · Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics · doi:10.1016/j.abb.2010.07.006 · Cited by 154 · see citing works
Integrated control of appetite and fat metabolism by the leptin-proopiomelanocortin pathway
Forbes, S., Bui, S., Robinson, B. R., Hochgeschwender, U., & Brennan, M. B. (2001) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.071054298 · Cited by 152 · see citing works
Long-term Exercise Using Weighted Vests Prevents Hip Bone Loss in Postmenopausal Women
Snow, C. M., Shaw, J. M., Winters, K. M., & Witzke, K. A. (2000) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A · doi:10.1093/gerona/55.9.m489 · Cited by 151 · see citing works
Scott, D., Chandrasekara, S. D., Laslett, L. L., Cicuttini, F., Ebeling, P. R., & Jones, G. (2016) · Calcified Tissue International · doi:10.1007/s00223-016-0123-9 · Cited by 149 · see citing works
Spaceflight-induced Bone Loss: Is there an Osteoporosis Risk?
Sibonga, J. D. (2013) · Current Osteoporosis Reports · doi:10.1007/s11914-013-0136-5 · Cited by 147 · see citing works
Recent trends in hip fracture rates by race/ethnicity among older US adults
Wright, N. C., Saag, K. G., Curtis, J. R., Smith, W. K., Kilgore, M. L., Morrisey, M. A., Yun, H., Zhang, J., & Delzell, E. (2012) · Journal of Bone and Mineral Research · doi:10.1002/jbmr.1684 · Cited by 145 · see citing works
Greco, E. A., Lenzi, A., & Migliaccio, S. (2015) · Therapeutic Advances in Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1177/2042018815611004 · Cited by 145 · see citing works
Hamrick, M. W., Ding, K.-H., Ponnala, S., Ferrari, S. L., & Isales, C. M. (2008) · Journal of Bone and Mineral Research · doi:10.1359/jbmr.080213 · Cited by 143 · see citing works
Skerry, T. M. (2006) · PubMed · Cited by 139 · see citing works
Growth hormone regulates the balance between bone formation and bone marrow adiposity
Menagh, P. J., Turner, R. T., Jump, D. Β., Wong, C. P., Lowry, M. B., Yakar, S., Rosen, C. J., & Iwaniec, U. T. (2009) · Journal of Bone and Mineral Research · doi:10.1359/jbmr.091015 · Cited by 138 · see citing works
Self-citationVisceral adiposity is negatively associated with bone density and muscle attenuation
Zhang, P., Peterson, M. D., Su, G. L., & Wang, S. C. (2014) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.3945/ajcn.113.081778 · Cited by 135 · see citing works
Trudel, G., Payne, M. W. C., Mädler, B., Ramachandran, N., Lecompte, M., Wade, C. E., Biolo, G., Blanc, S., Hughson, R. L., Bear, L. A., et al. (2009) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.91530.2008 · Cited by 134 · see citing works
Hwa, J., Ghibaudi, L., Compton, D. S., Fawzi, A. B., & Strader, C. D. (1996) · Hormone and Metabolic Research · doi:10.1055/s-2007-979873 · Cited by 131 · see citing works
Invited Review: What do we know about the effects of spaceflight on bone?
Turner, R. T. (2000) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/jappl.2000.89.2.840 · Cited by 120 · see citing works
Self-citationMeakin, L. B., Price, J. S., & Lanyon, L. E. (2014) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2014.00154 · Cited by 117 · see citing works
Growth hormone in the aging male
Sattler, F. R. (2013) · Best Practice & Research Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.beem.2013.05.003 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
Angrisani, L., Formisano, G., Santonicola, A., Hasani, A., & Vitiello, A. (2016) · Updates in surgery/Updates in surgery series · doi:10.1007/978-88-470-3944-5_3 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
Energy Restriction Reduces Bone Density and Biomechanical Properties in Aged Female Rats
Talbott, S., Cifuentes, M., Shapses, S. A., & Dunn, M. G. (2001) · Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1093/jn/131.9.2382 · Cited by 108 · see citing works
Biomechanics of osteoporotic fractures
Silva, M. J. (2007) · Injury · doi:10.1016/j.injury.2007.08.014 · Cited by 107 · see citing works
Leptin reverses the inhibitory effect of caloric restriction on longitudinal growth
Gat-Yablonski, G., Ben-Ari, T., Shtaif, B., Potievsky, O., Moran, O., Eshet, R., Maor, G., Segev, Y., & Phillip, M. (2004) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/en.2003-0910 · Cited by 106 · see citing works
Holbrook, T. L., & Barrett-Connor, E. L. (1993) · Bone and Mineral · doi:10.1016/s0169-6009(08)80023-2 · Cited by 104 · see citing works
Divergent effects of obesity on fragility fractures
Gonnelli, S., Caffarelli, C., Alessi, C., & Nuti, R. (2014) · Clinical Interventions in Aging · doi:10.2147/cia.s64625 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
Calorie Restriction and Bone Health in Young, Overweight Individuals
Redman, L. M. (2008) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinte.168.17.1859 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
Nitric oxide signaling in mechanical adaptation of bone
Klein‐Nulend, J., van Oers, R. F. M., Bakker, A. D., & Bacabac, R. G. (2013) · Osteoporosis International · doi:10.1007/s00198-013-2590-4 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
The osteocyte: key player in regulating bone turnover
Goldring, S. R. (2015) · RMD Open · doi:10.1136/rmdopen-2015-000049 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Skeletal Effects of Long-Duration Head-Down Bed Rest
Spector, E. R., Smith, S. M., & Sibonga, J. D. (2009) · Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine · doi:10.3357/asem.br02.2009 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Evaluating Bone Loss in ISS Astronauts
Sibonga, J. D., Spector, E. R., Johnston, S. L., & Tarver, W. J. (2015) · Aerospace Medicine and Human Performance · doi:10.3357/amhp.ec06.2015 · Cited by 88 · cited 1× · see citing works
“weight-bearing sites, including the hip and spine after a typical 6-mo mission but negligible impact at many other skeletal sites (Sibonga et al. 2015).”
BackgroundHess, R., Pino, A. M., Ríos, S., Fernández, M., & Rodríguez, J. P. (2004) · Journal of Cellular Biochemistry · doi:10.1002/jcb.20330 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Bone response to normal weight bearing after a period of skeletal unloading
Sessions, N. D., Halloran, B. P., Bikle, D. D., Wronski, T. J., Cone, C. M., & Morey, E. R. (1989) · American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1152/ajpendo.1989.257.4.e606 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Effect of gender on bone turnover in adult rats during simulated weightlessness
Hefferan, T. E., Evans, G. L., Lotinun, S., Zhang, M., Morey, E. R., & Turner, R. T. (2003) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00455.2002 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Self-citationLuque, R. M., Huang, Z., Shah, B., Mazzone, T., & Kineman, R. D. (2006) · American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00258.2006 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Foot forces during typical days on the international space station
Cavanagh, P. R., Genc, K. O., Gopalakrishnan, R., Kuklis, M. M., Maender, C. C., & Rice, A. J. (2010) · Journal of Biomechanics · doi:10.1016/j.jbiomech.2010.03.044 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Leptin May Play a Role in Bone Microstructural Alterations in Obese Children
Dimitri, P., Jacques, R., Paggiosi, M., King, D., Walsh, J., Taylor, Z. A., Frangi, A. F., Bishop, N. J., & Eastell, R. (2014) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2014-3199 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Low Bone Mineral Density in Adolescents with β‐Thalassemia
Vogiatzi, M. G., Autio, K. A., Mait, J. E., et al. (2005) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1196/annals.1345.063 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Sarcopenia and the Analysis of Body Composition
Ribeiro, S. M. L., & Kehayias, J. J. (2014) · Advances in Nutrition · doi:10.3945/an.113.005256 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Vergnaud, A., Norat, T., Mouw, T., Romaguera, D., May, A. M., Bueno-de-Mesquita, H. B., Daphne van der, A., Agudo, A., Wareham, N. J., Khaw, K., et al. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0057300 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Complex association between body weight and fracture risk in postmenopausal women
Mpalaris, V., Anagnostis, P. G., Goulis, D. G., & Iakovou, I. P. (2015) · Obesity Reviews · doi:10.1111/obr.12244 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Cole, Z. A., Harvey, N. C., Kim, M., Ntani, G., Robinson, S. M., Inskip, H. M., Godfrey, K. M., Cooper, C. C., & Dennison, E. M. (2011) · Bone · doi:10.1016/j.bone.2011.05.005 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Role of Endocrine and Paracrine Factors in the Adaptation of Bone to Mechanical Loading
Price, J. S., Sugiyama, T., Galea, G. L., et al. (2011) · Current Osteoporosis Reports · doi:10.1007/s11914-011-0050-7 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Cauley, J. A., Lui, L., Barnes, D. E., Ensrud, K. E., Zmuda, J. M., Hillier, T. A., Hochberg, M. C., Schwartz, A. V., Yaffe, K. S., Cummings, S. R., et al. (2008) · Journal of Bone and Mineral Research · doi:10.1359/jbmr.080813 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Failure to Generate Bone Marrow Adipocytes Does Not Protect Mice from Ovariectomy-Induced Osteopenia
Iwaniec, U., & Turner, R. (2012) · Bone · doi:10.1016/j.bone.2012.11.034 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Self-citationChevalley, T., Bonjour, J. ‐., van Rietbergen, B., Rizzoli, R., & Ferrari, S. (2012) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2012-2561 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Saito, M., & Bray, G. A. (1983) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/endo-113-6-2181 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Liu, P., Ilich, J. Z., Brummel‐Smith, K., & Ghosh, S. (2014) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Flexible multibody simulation approach in the analysis of tibial strain during walking
Nazer, R. A., Rantalainen, T., Heinonen, A. O., et al. (2008) · Journal of Biomechanics · doi:10.1016/j.jbiomech.2007.12.002 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Leptin induces ovulation in GnRH‐deficient mice
Barkan, D., Hurgin, V., Dekel, N., Amsterdam, A., & Rubinstein, M. (2004) · The FASEB Journal · doi:10.1096/fj.04-2271fje · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Turner, R. T., Evans, G. L., Cavolina, J. M., Halloran, B. P., & Morey, E. R. (1998) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/endo.139.10.6227 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Self-citationBody mass influences cortical bone mass independent of leptin signaling
Iwaniec, U. T., Dube, M. G., Boghossian, S., Song, H., Helferich, W. G., Turner, R. T., & Kalra, S. P. (2008) · Bone · doi:10.1016/j.bone.2008.10.058 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Self-citationScibora, L. M. (2014) · Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism · doi:10.1111/dom.12363 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Prieto‐Alhambra, D., Premaor, M. O., Avilés, F. F., Soria-Castro, A., Javaid, M. K., Nogués, X., Arden, N., Cooper, C. C., Compston, J. E., & Díez‐Pérez, A. (2014) · Journal of Bone and Mineral Research · doi:10.1002/jbmr.2209 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Idiopathic adult growth hormone deficiency
Melmed, S. (2013) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2012-4012 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
BMP growth factor signaling in a biomechanical context
Kopf, J., Paarmann, P., Hiepen, C., Horbelt, D., & Knaus, P. I. (2013) · BioFactors · doi:10.1002/biof.1137 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Ten years muscle-bone hypothesis: what have we learned so far?--almost a festschrift--.
Rittweger, J. (2008) · PubMed · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Ghosh, S., Tan, F., & Ofori-Acquah, S. F. (2012) · Anemia · doi:10.1155/2012/582018 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Effects of spaceflight and simulated weightlessness on longitudinal bone growth
Sibonga, J. D., Zhang, M., Evans, G. L., Westerlind, K. C., Cavolina, J. M., Morey, E. R., & Turner, R. T. (2000) · Bone · doi:10.1016/s8756-3282(00)00352-5 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Self-citationMelville, K. M., Kelly, N. H., Surita, G., Buchalter, D. B., Schimenti, J. C., Main, R. P., Ross, F. P., & van der Meulen, M. C. H. (2015) · Journal of Bone and Mineral Research · doi:10.1002/jbmr.2488 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Shifting Paradigms on the Role of Connexin43 in the Skeletal Response to Mechanical Load
Lloyd, S. A. J., Loiselle, A. E., Zhang, Y., & Donahue, H. J. (2013) · Journal of Bone and Mineral Research · doi:10.1002/jbmr.2165 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Impact of obesity on bone mass throughout adult life: Influence of gender and severity of obesity
Maı̈moun, L., Mura, T., Leprieur, E., Avignon, A., Mariano‐Goulart, D., & Sultan, A. (2015) · Bone · doi:10.1016/j.bone.2015.11.020 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
The dynamics of bone structure development during pubertal growth.
Rauch, F. (2012) · PubMed · Cited by 53 · see citing works
β-Adrenergic blockade and leptin replacement effectively mitigate disuse bone loss
Baek, K., & Bloomfield, S. A. (2009) · Journal of Bone and Mineral Research · doi:10.1359/jbmr.081241 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Responses across the Gravity Continuum: Hypergravity to Microgravity
Wade, C. E. (2005) · Advances in space biology and medicine · doi:10.1016/s1569-2574(05)10009-4 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Hsin, M.-C., Huang, C., Tai, C., Yeh, L., Kuo, H., & Garg, A. K. (2014) · Surgery for Obesity and Related Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.soard.2014.07.008 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Recht, M., Liel, M. S., Turner, R. T., Klein, R. F., & Taylor, J. A. (2013) · Haemophilia · doi:10.1111/hae.12195 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Self-citationUnderbakke, E. S., Sürmeli, N. B., Smith, B. C., Wynia‐Smith, S. L., & Marletta, M. A. (2013) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-08-097774-4.00320-x · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Bone Structural Changes and Estimated Strength After Gastric Bypass Surgery Evaluated by HR-pQCT
Frederiksen, K. H., Hanson, S., Hansen, S. G., Brixen, K., Gram, J., Jørgensen, N. R., & Støving, R. K. (2015) · Calcified Tissue International · doi:10.1007/s00223-015-0091-5 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Physiopathology of Bone Modifications in β -Thalassemia
Perisano, C., Marzetti, E., Spinelli, M. S., et al. (2012) · Anemia · doi:10.1155/2012/320737 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Thun, N. L. V., Sukumar, D., Heymsfield, S. B., & Shapses, S. A. (2013) · Menopause The Journal of The North American Menopause Society · doi:10.1097/gme.0b013e3182a76fd5 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Leptin prevents the fall in plasma osteocalcin during starvation in male mice
Goldstone, A. P., Howard, J. K., Lord, G. M., Ghatei, M. A., Gardiner, J., Wang, Z. L., Wang, R. M., Girgis, S. I., Bailey, C. J., & Bloom, S. R. (2002) · Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications · doi:10.1016/s0006-291x(02)00697-6 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Childhood obesity as a risk factor for bone fracture: A mechanistic study
Kim, J., Hsieh, M., Soni, B. K., Zayzafoon, M., & Allison, D. B. (2013) · Obesity · doi:10.1002/oby.20355 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Hannema, S. E., Wit, J. M., Houdijk, M., van Haeringen, A., Bik, E. C., Verkerk, A. J. M. H., Uitterlinden, A. G., Kant, S. G., Oostdijk, W., Bakker, E., et al. (2016) · Hormone Research in Paediatrics · doi:10.1159/000444055 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Food restriction and simulated microgravity: effects on bone and serum leptin
Baek, K., Barlow, A. A., Allen, M. R., & Bloomfield, S. A. (2008) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.01209.2007 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Angrisani, L., Santonicola, A., Iovino, P., Formisano, G., Buchwald, H., & Scopinaro, N. (2015) · Obesity Surgery · doi:10.1007/s11695-015-1828-y · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Estrogen receptors’ roles in the control of mechanically adaptive bone (re)modeling
Galea, G. L., Price, J. S., & Lanyon, L. E. (2013) · BoneKEy Reports · doi:10.1038/bonekey.2013.147 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Robling, A. G. (2012) · Current Osteoporosis Reports · doi:10.1007/s11914-012-0099-y · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Morbid obesity attenuates the skeletal abnormalities associated with leptin deficiency in mice
Turner, R. T., Philbrick, K. A., Wong, C. P., Olson, D. A., Branscum, A. J., & Iwaniec, U. T. (2014) · Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1530/joe-14-0224 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Self-citationKapur, S., Amoui, M., Kesavan, C., Wang, X., Mohan, S., Baylink, D. J., & Lau, K. ‐. W. (2010) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m110.169714 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Miller, R. A., & Austad, S. N. (2005) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-012088387-5/50022-4 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Women with severe obesity and relatively low bone mineral density have increased fracture risk
Cawsey, S., Padwal, R. S., Sharma, A. M., Wang, X., Li, S., & Siminoski, K. G. (2014) · Osteoporosis International · doi:10.1007/s00198-014-2833-z · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Keune, J. A., Branscum, A. J., Iwaniec, U. T., & Turner, R. T. (2015) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/srep18671 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Self-citationTurner, R. T. (1995) · PubMed · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Self-citationRector, R. S., Loethen, J., Ruebel, M. L., Thomas, T. R., & Hinton, P. S. (2009) · Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism · doi:10.1139/h09-098 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Effects of chronic hypergravity: from adaptive to deleterious responses in growing mouse skeleton
Gnyubkin, V., Guignandon, A., Laroche, N., Vanden‐Bossche, A., Normand, M., Lafage‐Proust, M., & Vico, L. (2015) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00364.2015 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Keune, J. A., Philbrick, K. A., Branscum, A. J., Iwaniec, U. T., & Turner, R. T. (2016) · npj Microgravity · doi:10.1038/npjmgrav.2016.16 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Self-citationMapping the osteocytic cell response to fluid flow using RNA-Seq
Govey, P. M., Kawasawa, Y. I., & Donahue, H. J. (2015) · Journal of Biomechanics · doi:10.1016/j.jbiomech.2015.10.045 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Secular Trends in Dietary Macronutrient Intake in Minneapolis-St. Paul, Minnesota, 1980-1992
Arnett, D. K. (2000) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/aje/152.9.868 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Turner, R. T., & Iwaniec, U. T. (2011) · Bone · doi:10.1016/j.bone.2010.12.034 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Self-citationEffect of chronic centrifugation on bone density of the rat
Jaekel, E., Amtmann, E., & OYAMA, J. (1977) · Anatomy and Embryology · doi:10.1007/bf00297483 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Compston, J. E. (2012) · Joint Bone Spine · doi:10.1016/j.jbspin.2012.07.016 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Role of Suppressors of Cytokine Signaling 3 in Bone Inflammatory Responses
Gao, A., & Dyke, T. V. (2014) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2013.00506 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Is leptin the parabiotic “satiety” factor? Past and present interpretations
Harris, R. B. S. (2012) · Appetite · doi:10.1016/j.appet.2012.08.006 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Paradoxical Effects of Partial Leptin Deficiency on Bone in Growing Female Mice
Philbrick, K. A., Turner, R. T., Branscum, A. J., Wong, C. P., & Iwaniec, U. T. (2015) · The Anatomical Record · doi:10.1002/ar.23267 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Self-citationModerate weight gain does not influence bone metabolism in skeletally mature female rats
Turner, R. T., & Iwaniec, U. T. (2010) · Bone · doi:10.1016/j.bone.2010.06.010 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Self-citationLuo, Z., Zhang, L., Turner, R. T., et al. (2000) · IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering · doi:10.1109/10.827295 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Self-citationSkeletal adaptation to external loads optimizes mechanical properties: fact or fiction
Turner, R. T. (2001) · Current Opinion in Orthopedics · doi:10.1097/00001433-200110000-00004 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Self-citationGrowth and Aging of Proximal Femoral Bone: A Study With Women Spanning Three Generations
Wang, Q., Chen, D., Cheng, S. M., Nicholson, P., Alen, M., & Cheng, S. (2014) · Journal of Bone and Mineral Research · doi:10.1002/jbmr.2353 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Stunes, A. K., Westbroek, I., Gordeladze, J. O., Gustafsson, B. I., Reseland, J. E., & Syversen, U. (2012) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/en.2011-1848 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Human obesity. Exploding the myths.
Weigle, D. S. (1990) · PubMed Central · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Turner, R. T. (1998) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/en.139.10.4086 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Self-citationMartin, A., David, V., Vico, L., & Thomas, T. (2008) · Journal of Bone and Mineral Research · doi:10.1359/jbmr.080708 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
The effects of +Gz force on the bone mineral density of fighter pilots.
Naumann, F., Bennell, K. L., & Wark, J. (2001) · PubMed · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Effect of growth hormone on bone status in growth hormone-deficient adults
Kužma, M., Homerova, Z., Dlesk, A., Koller, T., Killinger, Z., Vaňuga, P., Lazúrová, I., Tomková, S., & Payer, J. (2013) · Bratislavské lekárske listy/Bratislava medical journal · doi:10.4149/bll_2013_146 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- Ahima RS Flier JS 2000 Leptin Annual Review of Physiology 62 413 437 10845097
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Aging human body: changes in bone, muscle and body fat with consequent changes in nutrient intake
JafariNasabian, P., Inglis, J. E., Reilly, W., Kelly, O. J., & Ilich, J. Z. (2017) · Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1530/joe-16-0603 · Cited by 310 · see citing works
A mechanosensitive peri-arteriolar niche for osteogenesis and lymphopoiesis
Shen, B., Tasdogan, A., Ubellacker, J. M., Zhang, J., Nosyreva, E. D., Du, L., Murphy, M. M., Hu, S., Yi, Y., Kara, N., et al. (2021) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-021-03298-5 · Cited by 310 · see citing works
Skeletal changes during and after spaceflight
Vico, L., & Hargens, A. (2018) · Nature Reviews Rheumatology · doi:10.1038/nrrheum.2018.37 · Cited by 236 · see citing works
Kammire, D. E., Walkup, M. P., Ambrosius, W. T., Lenchik, L., Shapses, S. A., Nicklas, B. J., Houston, D. K., Marsh, A. P., Rejeski, W. J., & Beavers, K. M. (2019) · Obesity · doi:10.1002/oby.22604 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Eriksson, R., Broberg, B. V., Ishøy, P. L., Bak, N., Andersen, U. B., Jørgensen, N. R., Knop, F. K., & Ebdrup, B. H. (2019) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00781 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
- Authors
- Iwaniec, U. T., & Turner, R. T.
- Affiliations
- Oregon State University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Iwaniec, Urszula T
- Venue
- Journal of Endocrinology
- Publisher
- Bioscientifica
- Published
- 2016-09
- Volume
- 230
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- R115-R130
- ISSN
- 0022-0795 (ISSN-L)
- 1479-6805
- PMC
- PMC4980254
- OpenAlex
- W2473616902
- Cited by
- 199
- References
- 157
- Citations by year
- 2026: 17 · 2025: 18 · 2024: 17 · 2023: 22 · 2022: 19 · 2021: 21 · 2020: 22 · 2019: 27 · 2018: 19 · 2017: 13 · 2016: 4
- FWCI
- 3.34
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of Endocrinology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NNX12AL24)
- National Institutes of Health
- National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (R01AR060913)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Orthopedics and Sports Medicine › Bone health and osteoporosis research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Spaceflight effects on biology
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Bone Metabolism and Diseases
- Keywords
- body weight, bone mass, bone structure, bone turnover, mechanostat, mechanical strain, microgravity, hypergravity, bone quality, bone mineral homeostasis, bone metabolism, energy availability, bone strength, body composition
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Body Weight, Bone and Bones, Humans, Osteoporosis, Bone Density, Bone Remodeling
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review