Improving Obesity and Insulin Resistance by Targeting Skeletal Muscle MKP-1
Open accessAbstract
Obesity has reached a global epidemic and it predisposes to the development of insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes and related metabolic diseases. Current interventions against obesity and/or type 2 diabetes such as calorie restriction, exercise, genetic manipulations or established pharmacological treatments have not been successful for many patients with obesity and/or type 2 diabetes. There is an urgent need for new strategies to treat insulin resistance, T2D and obesity. Increased activity of stress-responsive pathways has been linked to the pathogenesis of insulin resistance in obesity. In this commentary, we argue that chronic upregulation of MKP-1 in skeletal muscle is part of a stress response that contributes to the development of insulin resistance, T2D and obesity. Therefore, inhibition of MKP-1 in skeletal muscle is a potential strategy for the treatment of T2D and obesity. We highlight therapeutic strategies for potential targeting of MKP-1 in skeletal muscle for the treatment of metabolic diseases as well as other diseases of skeletal muscle.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
H2O2-activated Ca/calmodulin-dependent kinase II (CAMKII) is responsible for excitation-contraction coupling.
“One of the most important is H2O2-activated Ca/calmodulin-dependent kinase II (CAMKII) responsible for excitation–contraction coupling.”
From Reactive Oxygen Species, Toxicity, Oxidative Stress, and Antioxidants: Chronic Diseases and Aging (2023) · cites this paper as Bennett and Lawan 2020
JNKs play an important role in insulin resistance, and p38 MAPK has been shown to stimulate the uptake of glucose.
“In addition, JNKs (c-Jun N-terminal kinase) play an important role in insulin resistance, and p38 MAPK (p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase) has been shown to stimulate the uptake of glucose (Bennett and Lawan 2020).”
From Reactive Oxygen Species, Toxicity, Oxidative Stress, and Antioxidants: Chronic Diseases and Aging (2023) · cites this paper as Bennett and Lawan 2020
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics—2015 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association
Mozaffarian, D., Benjamin, E. J., Go, A. S., Arnett, D. K., Blaha, M. J., Cushman, M., de Ferranti, S., Després, J.-P., Fullerton, H. J., Howard, V. J., et al. (2015) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/cir.0000000000000152 · Cited by 5,797 · see citing works
Fiber Types in Mammalian Skeletal Muscles
Schiaffino, S., & Reggiani, C. (2011) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.00031.2010 · Cited by 3,022 · see citing works
Muscles, exercise and obesity: skeletal muscle as a secretory organ
Pedersen, B. K., & Febbraio, M. A. (2012) · Nature Reviews Endocrinology · doi:10.1038/nrendo.2012.49 · Cited by 2,909 · see citing works
Impaired Mitochondrial Activity in the Insulin-Resistant Offspring of Patients with Type 2 Diabetes
Petersen, K. F., Dufour, S., Befroy, D., Garcia, R., & Shulman, G. I. (2004) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa031314 · Cited by 2,193 · see citing works
Puigserver, P., & Spiegelman, B. M. (2003) · Endocrine Reviews · doi:10.1210/er.2002-0012 · Cited by 2,076 · see citing works
Molecular Basis of Cardioprotection
Heusch, G. (2015) · Circulation Research · doi:10.1161/circresaha.116.305348 · Cited by 811 · see citing works
Akimoto, T., Pohnert, S. C., Li, P., Zhang, M., Gumbs, C., Rosenberg, P. B., Williams, R. S., & Yan, Z. (2005) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m408862200 · Cited by 714 · see citing works
Skeletal muscle inflammation and insulin resistance in obesity
Wu, H., & Ballantyne, C. M. (2017) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci88880 · Cited by 695 · see citing works
Obesity Epidemiology Worldwide
Arroyo, C., & Mincey, K. D. (2016) · Gastroenterology Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.gtc.2016.07.012 · Cited by 588 · see citing works
Tandon, P., Ney, M., Irwin, I., Ma, M. M., Gramlich, L. M., Bain, V. G., Esfandiari, N., Baracos, V. E., Montaño‐Loza, A. J., & Myers, R. P. (2012) · Liver Transplantation · doi:10.1002/lt.23495 · Cited by 580 · see citing works
Dual‐specificity MAP kinase phosphatases (MKPs): Shaping the outcome of MAP kinase signalling
Caunt, C. J., & Keyse, S. M. (2013) · The FEBS Journal · doi:10.1111/j.1742-4658.2012.08716.x · Cited by 535 · see citing works
Skeletal Muscle Fiber Type: Influence on Contractile and Metabolic Properties
Zierath, J. R., & Hawley, J. A. (2004) · PLoS Biology · doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.0020348 · Cited by 518 · see citing works
Targeting cancer with kinase inhibitors
Gross, S. D., Rahal, R., Stransky, N., Lengauer, C., & Hoeflich, K. P. (2015) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci76094 · Cited by 442 · see citing works
JNK at the crossroad of obesity, insulin resistance, and cell stress response
Solinas, G., & Becattini, B. (2016) · Molecular Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.molmet.2016.12.001 · Cited by 431 · see citing works
Zinker, B. A., Rondinone, C. M., Trevillyan, J. M., Gum, R. J., Clampit, J. E., Waring, J. F., Xie, N., Wilcox, D. M., Jacobson, P. B., Frost, L., et al. (2002) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.142298199 · Cited by 416 · see citing works
Villena, J. A. (2014) · FEBS Journal · doi:10.1111/febs.13175 · Cited by 404 · see citing works
Oberbach, A., Bossenz, Y., Lehmann, S., Niebauer, J., Adams, V., Paschke, R., Schön, M. R., Blüher, M., & Punkt, K. (2006) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.29.04.06.dc05-1854 · Cited by 385 · see citing works
Targeting the disordered C terminus of PTP1B with an allosteric inhibitor
Krishnan, N., Koveal, D., Miller, D. H., Xue, B., Akshinthala, S. D., Kragelj, J., Jensen, M. R., Gauss, C., Page, R., Blackledge, M. J., et al. (2014) · Nature Chemical Biology · doi:10.1038/nchembio.1528 · Cited by 378 · see citing works
Sarcopenia in cirrhosis: from pathogenesis to interventions
Ebadi, M., Bhanji, R. A., Mazurak, V. C., & Montaño‐Loza, A. J. (2019) · Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.1007/s00535-019-01605-6 · Cited by 298 · see citing works
Weinbrenner, C., Liu, G.-S., Cohen, M. V., & Downey, J. M. (1997) · Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology · doi:10.1006/jmcc.1997.0473 · Cited by 262 · see citing works
Aikawa, R., Nawano, M., Gu, Y., Katagiri, H., Asano, T., Zhu, W., Nagai, R., & Komuro, I. (2000) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.102.23.2873 · Cited by 227 · see citing works
Slow-Twitch Fiber Proportion in Skeletal Muscle Correlates With Insulin Responsiveness
Stuart, C. A., McCurry, M. P., Marino, A., South, M. A., Howell, M. E. A., Layne, A. S., Ramsey, M. W., & Stone, M. H. (2013) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2012-3876 · Cited by 221 · see citing works
Petta, S., Ciminnisi, S., Marco, V. D., Cabibi, D., Cammà, C., Licata, A., Marchesini, G., & Craxı̀, A. (2016) · Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1111/apt.13889 · Cited by 217 · see citing works
The effects of obesity on skeletal muscle contractile function
Tallis, J. A., James, R. S., & Seebacher, F. (2018) · Journal of Experimental Biology · doi:10.1242/jeb.163840 · Cited by 214 · see citing works
Wu, J., Flach, R. J. R., Anderson, E. J., Hong, E., Lee, M., Choi, C. S., Neufer, P. D., Shulman, G. I., Kim, J. K., & Bennett, A. M. (2006) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2006.05.010 · Cited by 212 · see citing works
Self-citationNandipati, K. C., Subramanian, S., & Agrawal, D. K. (2016) · Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry · doi:10.1007/s11010-016-2878-8 · Cited by 210 · see citing works
Targeting Tyrosine Phosphatases: Time to End the Stigma
Stanford, S. M., & Bottini, N. (2017) · Trends in Pharmacological Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tips.2017.03.004 · Cited by 190 · see citing works
Xi, X., Han, J., & Zhang, J. (2001) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m102824200 · Cited by 182 · see citing works
Impact of Skeletal Muscle Mass on Metabolic Health
Kim, G., & Kim, J. H. (2020) · Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.3803/enm.2020.35.1.1 · Cited by 171 · see citing works
cJun NH2-terminal kinase 1 (JNK1): Roles in metabolic regulation of insulin resistance
Sabio, G., & Davis, R. J. (2010) · Trends in Biochemical Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tibs.2010.04.004 · Cited by 170 · see citing works
Dual-specificity MAP kinase phosphatases in health and disease
Seternes, O. M., Kidger, A. M., & Keyse, S. M. (2018) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Cell Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbamcr.2018.09.002 · Cited by 148 · see citing works
Role of Muscle c-Jun NH2-Terminal Kinase 1 in Obesity-Induced Insulin Resistance
Sabio, G., Kennedy, N. J., Cavanagh, J., Jung, D. Y., Ko, H. J., Ong, H., Barrett, T., Kim, J. K., & Davis, R. J. (2009) · Molecular and Cellular Biology · doi:10.1128/mcb.01162-09 · Cited by 144 · see citing works
Mitochondria as a Target for Mitigating Sarcopenia
Coen, P. M., Musci, R., Hinkley, J., & Miller, B. F. (2019) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2018.01883 · Cited by 140 · see citing works
Xie, S., Li, J., Chen, H.-F., Tan, Y.-Y., Liu, S., Zhang, Y., Xu, H. M., Yang, J., Liu, S., Zheng, L., et al. (2018) · Cell Death and Differentiation · doi:10.1038/s41418-018-0063-1 · Cited by 125 · see citing works
The roles of c‐Jun NH2‐terminal kinases (JNKs) in obesity and insulin resistance
Pál, M., Febbraio, M. A., & Lancaster, G. I. (2015) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jp271457 · Cited by 114 · see citing works
Yu, R., Shi, Q., Liu, L., & Chen, L. (2018) · BMC Gastroenterology · doi:10.1186/s12876-018-0776-0 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Wang, S., Jin, J., Xu, Z., & Zuo, B. (2019) · Cells · doi:10.3390/cells8091107 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Lawan, A., Min, K., Zhang, L., Canfrán‐Duque, A., Jurczak, M. J., Camporez, J. P., Nie, Y., Gavin, T. P., Shulman, G. I., Fernandez-Hernando, C. F., et al. (2018) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/db17-0826 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Self-citationSarcolab pilot study into skeletal muscle’s adaptation to long-term spaceflight
Rittweger, J., Albracht, K., Flück, M., Ruoss, S., Brocca, L., Longa, E., Moriggi, M., Seynnes, O., Giulio, I. D., Tenori, L., et al. (2018) · npj Microgravity · doi:10.1038/s41526-018-0052-1 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Lawan, A., Zhang, L., Gatzke, F., Min, K., Jurczak, M. J., Al‐Mutairi, M., Richter, P., Camporez, J. P., Couvillon, A. D., Pesta, D. H., et al. (2014) · Molecular and Cellular Biology · doi:10.1128/mcb.00503-14 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Self-citationTissue-selective therapy of cancer
Blagosklonny, M. V. (2003) · British Journal of Cancer · doi:10.1038/sj.bjc.6601256 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Modulation of skeletal muscle fiber type by mitogen‐activated protein kinase signaling
Shi, H., Scheffler, J. M., Pleitner, J. M., Zeng, C., Park, S., Hannon, K., Grant, A. L., & Gerrard, D. E. (2008) · The FASEB Journal · doi:10.1096/fj.07-097600 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Sarcopenia in Cirrhosis: Looking Beyond the Skeletal Muscle Loss to See the Systemic Disease
Bhanji, R. A., Montaño‐Loza, A. J., & Watt, K. D. S. (2019) · Hepatology · doi:10.1002/hep.30686 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Diversity and specificity of the mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase-1 functions
Lawan, A., Shi, H., Gatzke, F., & Bennett, A. M. (2012) · Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences · doi:10.1007/s00018-012-1041-2 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Self-citationStress kinases in the modulation of metabolism and energy balance
Manieri, E., & Sabio, G. (2015) · Journal of Molecular Endocrinology · doi:10.1530/jme-15-0146 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) and Obesity-Related Cancer
Donohoe, F., Wilkinson, M., Baxter, E., & Brennan, D. J. (2020) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms21041241 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Myocardial injury and protection related to cardiopulmonary bypass
Hert, S. G. D., & Moerman, A. (2015) · Best practice & research. Clinical anaesthesiology · doi:10.1016/j.bpa.2015.03.002 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
MAPK phosphatase-1 facilitates the loss of oxidative myofibers associated with obesity in mice
Flach, R. J. R., Le, A. M., Zhang, L., Kahn, M., Samuel, V. T., Shulman, G. I., & Bennett, A. M. (2009) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci39054 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Self-citationMAP kinase phosphatase DUSP1 is overexpressed in obese humans and modulated by physical exercise
Khadir, A., Tiss, A., Abubaker, J. A., Abu‐Farha, M., Al‐Khairi, I., Cherian, P., John, J., Kavalakatt, S., Warsame, S., Madhoun, A. S. A., et al. (2014) · American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00577.2013 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Brown, A. E., Palsgaard, J., Borup, R., Avery, P. J., Gunn, D. A., MEYTS, P. D., Yeaman, S. J., & Walker, M. (2014) · American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00115.2014 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Shi, H., Boadu, E., Mercan, F., Le, A. M., Flach, R. J. R., Zhang, L., Tyner, K. J., Olwin, B. B., & Bennett, A. M. (2010) · The FASEB Journal · doi:10.1096/fj.09-150045 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Self-citationScott, L. M., Chen, L., Daniel, K. G., Brooks, W. H., Guida, W. C., Lawrence, H. R., Sebti, S. M., Lawrence, N. J., & Wu, J. (2010) · Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters · doi:10.1016/j.bmcl.2010.11.117 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Morisco, C., Marrone, C., Trimarco, V., Crispo, S., Monti, M. G., Sadoshima, J., & Trimarco, B. (2007) · Cardiovascular Research · doi:10.1016/j.cardiores.2007.07.012 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
PTP1B antisense-treated mice show regulation of genes involved in lipogenesis in liver and fat
Waring, J. F., Ciurlionis, R., Clampit, J. E., Morgan, S. J., Gum, R. J., Jolly, R. A., Kroeger, P., Frost, L., Trevillyan, J. M., Zinker, B. A., et al. (2003) · Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/s0303-7207(03)00008-x · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Inhibition of cellular Shp2 activity by a methyl ester analog of SPI-112
Chen, L., Pernazza, D., Scott, L. M., Lawrence, H. R., Ren, Y., Luo, Y., Wu, X., Sung, S., Guida, W. C., Sebti, S. M., et al. (2010) · Biochemical Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.bcp.2010.05.019 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Doddareddy, M. R., Rawling, T., & Ammit, A. J. (2012) · Current Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.2174/092986712803414196 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Capri, M., Morsiani, C., Santoro, A., Moriggi, M., Conte, M., Martucci, M., Bellavista, E., Fabbri, C., Giampieri, E., Albracht, K., et al. (2019) · The FASEB Journal · doi:10.1096/fj.201801625r · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Dexamethasone-induced cardioprotection: A role for the phosphatase MKP-1?
Fan, W.-J., Genade, S., Genis, A., Huisamen, B., & Lochner, A. (2009) · Life Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.lfs.2009.03.014 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase-1 – a potential therapeutic target in metabolic disease
Flach, R. J. R., & Bennett, A. M. (2010) · Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Targets · doi:10.1517/14728222.2010.528395 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Self-citationAn allosteric site on MKP5 reveals a strategy for small-molecule inhibition
Gannam, Z. T. K., Min, K., Shillingford, S. R., Zhang, L., Herrington, J. B., Abriola, L., Gareiss, P. C., Pantouris, G., Tzouvelekis, A., Kaminski, N., et al. (2020) · Science Signaling · doi:10.1126/scisignal.aba3043 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Self-citationMitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase-1: function and regulation in bone and related tissues
Broome, D. T., & Datta, N. S. (2016) · Connective Tissue Research · doi:10.3109/03008207.2015.1125480 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Crystal structure of the human dual specificity phosphatase 1 catalytic domain
Gumpena, R., Lountos, G. T., Raran‐Kurussi, S., Tropea, J. E., Cherry, S., & Waugh, D. S. (2017) · Protein Science · doi:10.1002/pro.3328 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Special Issue: Protein Phosphatases: From Molecules to Networks
Tonks, N. K. (2012) · FEBS Journal · doi:10.1111/febs.12098 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Datta, N. S., Chukkapalli, S., Vengalil, N., Zhan, E., Przyklenk, K., & Lasley, R. D. (2015) · Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications · doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.10.130 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Wu, H., Backman, D. R., & Kizer, K. W. (2016) · Journal of Public Health Management and Practice · doi:10.1097/phh.0000000000000457 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
The Role of MKP-1 in Insulin-Induced Cardioprotection
Webster, I., Smith, A., Lochner, A., & Huisamen, B. (2017) · Cardiovascular Drugs and Therapy · doi:10.1007/s10557-017-6731-4 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Tissue-Specific Delivery of Oligonucleotides
Xia, X., Pollock, N., Zhou, J., & Rossi, J. J. (2019) · Methods in molecular biology · doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-9670-4_2 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
1 of the 68 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- [16]Lawan A, Bennett AM. MAP kinase phosphatases emerge as new players in metabolic regulation. Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase Control of Metabolism. Bence KK, Ed. New York, Springer. 2013: 221.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Reactive Oxygen Species, Toxicity, Oxidative Stress, and Antioxidants: Chronic Diseases and Aging
Jomova, K., Raptova, R., Alomar, S. Y., Alwasel, S. H., Nepovimova, E., Kuca, K., & Valko, M. (2023) · Archives of Toxicology · doi:10.1007/s00204-023-03562-9 · Cited by 2,638 · see citing works
Fortier, S. M., Walker, N., Penke, L. R. K., Baas, J. D., Shen, Q., Speth, J. M., Huang, S. K., Zemans, R. L., Bennett, A. M., & Peters-Golden, M. L. (2024) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci172826 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Self-citationMitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Phosphatases: No Longer Undruggable?
Shillingford, S. R., & Bennett, A. M. (2023) · The Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology · doi:10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-051921-121923 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Self-citationProtein Tyrosine Phosphatases in Metabolism: A New Frontier for Therapeutics
Bennett, A. M., & Tiganis, T. (2024) · Annual Review of Physiology · doi:10.1146/annurev-physiol-022724-105540 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Self-citationBengal, E., & Aviram, S. (2025) · Cells · doi:10.3390/cells14161277 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Fasting-Induced Upregulation of MKP-1 Modulates the Hepatic Response to Feeding
Sellers, J., Brooks, A., Fernando, S., Westenberger, G., Junkins, S., Smith, S., Min, K., & Lawan, A. (2021) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu13113941 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Self-citationMAP kinase phosphatases in metabolic diseases
Hota, A., & Bennett, A. M. (2025) · Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.tem.2025.05.002 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Self-citationOxidative Stress and Pathophysiology of Chronic Disease
Balaji, S., Pandian, M. S., Ganesamoorthy, R., Parameswari, R., & Babujanarthanam, R. (2026) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-96-9670-3_3
- Authors
- Bennett, A. M., & Lawan, A.
- Affiliations
- Yale University (US)
- University of Alabama in Huntsville (US)
- Corresponding author
- Ahmed Lawan
- Venue
- Journal of Cellular Signaling
- Publisher
- Scientific Archives
- Published
- 2020-12-28
- Volume
- 1
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 160-168
- ISSN
- 2692-0638 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC7654974
- OpenAlex
- W3095243887
- Cited by
- 8
- References
- 68
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 2 · 2021: 1
- FWCI
- 0.24
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by
- Locations
- Journal of Cellular Signaling (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (R01HL134166)
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (P01DK057751)
- National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (R01AR066003)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Metabolism, Diabetes, and Cancer
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases
- Keywords
- MKP-1, skeletal muscle, obesity, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, stress response, therapeutic targeting, metabolic disorders, skeletal muscle disorders
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review