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Cited by 298

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 69 of the 69 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Where is the Land of Opportunity? The Geography of Intergenerational Mobility in the United States

Open access
Chetty, Raj, Hendren, Nathaniel, Kline, Patrick, Saez, Emmanuel·2014·National Bureau of Economic Research
DOI 10.3386/w19843
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Abstract

We use administrative records on the incomes of more than 40 million children and their parents to describe three features of intergenerational mobility in the United States.First, we characterize the joint distribution of parent and child income at the national level.The conditional expectation of child income given parent income is linear in percentile ranks.On average, a 10 percentile increase in parent income is associated with a 3.4 percentile increase in a child's income.Second, intergenerational mobility varies substantially across areas within the U.S. For example, the probability that a child reaches the top quintile of the national income distribution starting from a family in the bottom quintile is 4.4% in Charlotte but 12.9% in San Jose.Third, we explore the factors correlated with upward mobility.High mobility areas have (1) less residential segregation, (2) less income inequality, (3) better primary schools, (4) greater social capital, and (5) greater family stability.While our descriptive analysis does not identify the causal mechanisms that determine upward mobility, the publicly available statistics on intergenerational mobility developed here can facilitate future research on such mechanisms.

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Metadata

Authors
Chetty, R., Hendren, N., Kline, P., & Saez, E.
Venue
National Bureau of Economic Research
Publisher
National Bureau of Economic Research
Published
2014-01
DOI
10.3386/w19843
OpenAlex
W2890421170
Cited by
298
References
69
Type
report
Language
en
Open access
green

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CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Where is the Land of Opportunity? The Geography of Intergenerational Mobility in the United States. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.3386/w19843
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Chetty, R., Hendren, N., Kline, P., & Saez, E. (2014). Where is the Land of Opportunity? The Geography of Intergenerational Mobility in the United States. National Bureau of Economic Research. https://doi.org/10.3386/w19843

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