Student or educator? Sign up with your school email and get 6 months of Pro free.
CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 3,958

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 1 of the 1 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Assessing “Neighborhood Effects”: Social Processes and New Directions in Research

Sampson, Robert J., Morenoff, Jeffrey D., Gannon-Rowley, Thomas·2002·Annual Review of Sociology
DOI 10.1146/annurev.soc.28.110601.141114
Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

▪ Abstract This paper assesses and synthesizes the cumulative results of a new “neighborhood-effects” literature that examines social processes related to problem behaviors and health-related outcomes. Our review identified over 40 relevant studies published in peer-reviewed journals from the mid-1990s to 2001, the take-off point for an increasing level of interest in neighborhood effects. Moving beyond traditional characteristics such as concentrated poverty, we evaluate the salience of social-interactional and institutional mechanisms hypothesized to account for neighborhood-level variations in a variety of phenomena (e.g., delinquency, violence, depression, high-risk behavior), especially among adolescents. We highlight neighborhood ties, social control, mutual trust, institutional resources, disorder, and routine activity patterns. We also discuss a set of thorny methodological problems that plague the study of neighborhood effects, with special attention to selection bias. We conclude with promising strategies and directions for future research, including experimental designs, taking spatial and temporal dynamics seriously, systematic observational approaches, and benchmark data on neighborhood social processes.

Overview

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1146/annurev.soc.28.110601.141114

Cites

1 of 1 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Verification

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Citations

Cites

Show all 1 references

Research works printed but not linked: 80

  1. 10.2307/3005842 · DOI
  2. 10.2307/2137258 · DOI · Paper page
  3. 10.1086/320818 · DOI
  4. 10.1111/j.1741-3737.2001.00540.x · DOI · Paper page
  5. 10.1111/j.1745-9125.1997.tb01235.x · DOI · Paper page
  6. 10.1111/j.1745-9125.2000.tb00886.x · DOI
  7. 10.1111/1467-8624.00344 · DOI · Paper page
  8. 10.1086/230268 · DOI · Paper page
  9. Brooks-Gunn J, 1997, Neighborhood Poverty: Vol. I: Context and Consequences for Children.
  10. Brooks-Gunn J, 1997, Neighborhood Poverty: Vol. II: Policy Implications in Studying Neighborhoods.
  11. Burton LM, Jarrett RL. 2000. In the mix, yet on the margins: the place of families in urban neighborhood and child development research. J. Marriage Fam. 62:1114–35 · DOI · Paper page
  12. Burton LM, Price-Spratlen T, Spencer MB. 1997. On ways of thinking about measuring neighborhoods: implications for studying context and developmental outcomes for children. SeeBrooks-Gunn et al. 1997b, pp. 132–44
  13. 10.2105/AJPH.90.2.230 · DOI · Paper page
  14. 10.1086/229033 · DOI · Paper page
  15. Cook TD, Shagle SC, Degirmencioglu SM. 1997. Capturing social process for testing mediational models of neighborhood effects. SeeBrooks-Gunn et al. 1997b, pp. 94–119
  16. 10.1023/A:1010303419034 · DOI · Paper page
  17. 10.1016/S0145-2134(99)00076-9 · DOI · Paper page
  18. 10.1037//0022-3514.79.6.1088 · doi:10.1037//0022-3514.79.6.1088 · Paper page
  19. 10.1207/s15326985ep3401_3 · DOI · Paper page
  20. 10.1111/0081-1750.00089 · DOI · Paper page
  21. 10.1146/annurev.publhealth.22.1.143 · DOI · Paper page
  22. 10.1016/S1353-8292(00)00010-1 · DOI · Paper page
  23. 10.1177/0022427896033004002 · DOI · Paper page
  24. Furstenberg FF, 1999, Managing to Make It: Urban Families and Adolescent Success.
  25. 10.2307/2787110 · DOI · Paper page
  26. Gephart MA. 1997. Neighborhoods and communities as contexts for development. SeeBrooks Gunn et al. 1997a, pp. 1–43
  27. 10.1023/A:1007564505850 · DOI · Paper page
  28. 10.1086/231400 · DOI · Paper page
  29. 10.1086/225469 · DOI · Paper page
  30. 10.1080/0042098975637 · DOI · Paper page
  31. Jencks C, Mayer S. 1990. The social consequences of growing up in a poor neighborhood. In Inner-City Poverty in the United States , ed. L Lynn, Jr., MGH McGeary, pp. 111–85. Washington, DC: Natl. Acad. Press
  32. 10.1162/00335530151144113 · DOI · Paper page
  33. 10.1111/j.1741-3737.2000.00449.x · DOI
  34. 10.1177/0022427899036004003 · DOI
  35. 10.1023/A:1010496229445 · DOI
  36. 10.1037/0033-2909.126.2.309 · DOI · Paper page
  37. Lieberson SL, 1985, Making It Count: The Improvement of Social Research and Theory.
  38. Ludwig J, 2001, Q. J. Econ., 116, 665, 10.1162/00335530151144122 · DOI · Paper page
  39. 10.2307/2298123 · DOI · Paper page
  40. 10.1111/j.1745-9125.2001.tb00924.x · DOI · Paper page
  41. 10.2307/2061773 · DOI · Paper page
  42. 10.1126/science.243.4897.1441 · DOI · Paper page
  43. 10.1111/j.1745-9125.2001.tb00932.x · DOI · Paper page
  44. Park R, 1916, Am. J. Sociol., 20, 577, 10.1086/212433 · DOI · Paper page
  45. Pattillo-McCoy M, 1999, Black Picket Fences: Privilege and Peril Among the Black Middle Class.
  46. 10.1007/BF02511883 · DOI · Paper page
  47. 10.1177/0022427800037001002 · DOI · Paper page
  48. 10.2307/2676315 · DOI
  49. 10.1111/0081-1750.00059 · DOI · Paper page
  50. 10.1146/annurev.soc.25.1.489 · DOI · Paper page
  51. 10.1080/10511482.1995.9521186 · DOI · Paper page
  52. 10.1177/019251301022002004 · DOI
  53. 10.2307/2676304 · DOI · Paper page
  54. 10.2307/2657384 · doi:10.2307/2657384 · Paper page
  55. 10.2307/2580354 · DOI
  56. 10.1111/j.1745-9125.1999.tb00505.x · DOI
  57. 10.1177/0743554897122005 · DOI · Paper page
  58. Sampson RJ. 2001. How do communities undergird or undermine human development? Relevant contexts and social mechanisms. In Does It Take a Village? Community Effects on Children, Adolescents, and Families , ed. A. Booth, N. Crouter, pp. 3–30. Mahwah, NJ: L Erlbaum
  59. 10.2307/2657367 · doi:10.2307/2657367 · Paper page
  60. 10.1086/210356 · DOI · Paper page
  61. 10.1126/science.277.5328.918 · DOI · Paper page
  62. 10.1097/00007435-199811000-00009 · DOI
  63. 10.1017/S0954579498001606 · DOI
  64. 10.1037/h0080356 · doi:10.1037/h0080356
  65. 10.1111/j.1745-9125.2000.tb01414.x · DOI
  66. 10.1146/annurev.soc.27.1.23 · DOI · Paper page
  67. 10.1111/j.1745-9125.2000.tb00897.x · DOI · Paper page
  68. Sobel M. 2001. What are neighborhood effects ? Paper presented at “Poverty Traps” Conf., Santa Fe Inst., Santa Fe, NM
  69. 10.1017/CBO9780511663901.010 · DOI
  70. 10.2307/3006178 · doi:10.2307/3006178
  71. 10.1207/S15324796ABM2303_5 · DOI · Paper page
  72. 10.1037/h0080383 · DOI
  73. Suttles GD, 1972, The Social Construction of Communities.
  74. 10.2307/354013 · DOI · Paper page
  75. 10.1177/0022427899036002002 · DOI
  76. 10.1525/sp.1997.44.4.03x0235a · doi:10.1525/sp.1997.44.4.03x0235a
  77. 10.1111/j.1745-9125.1999.tb00480.x · DOI · Paper page
  78. 10.1111/j.1745-9125.2000.tb01416.x · DOI · Paper page
  79. Wilson JQ, 1982, Atlantic Month., 127, 29
  80. Wilson WJ, 1987, The Truly Disadvantaged: The Inner City, the Underclass, and Public Policy.

Cited by

See all 3,958

Metadata

Authors
Sampson, R. J., Morenoff, J. D., & Gannon-Rowley, T.
Venue
Annual Review of Sociology
Publisher
Annual Reviews
Published
2002-08
Volume
28
Issue
1
Pages
443-478
ISSN
  • 0360-0572 (ISSN-L)
  • 1545-2115
DOI
10.1146/annurev.soc.28.110601.141114
OpenAlex
W2157325805
Cited by
3,958
References
1
FWCI
45.10
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

How to cite

Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.

This page
CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Assessing “Neighborhood Effects”: Social Processes and New Directions in Research. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1146/annurev.soc.28.110601.141114
The paper
Sampson, R. J., Morenoff, J. D., & Gannon-Rowley, T. (2002). Assessing “Neighborhood Effects”: Social Processes and New Directions in Research. Annual Review of Sociology. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.soc.28.110601.141114

Data sources

Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.

Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).

Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.