Collaborating During Coronavirus: The Impact of COVID-19 on the Nature of Work
Open accessAbstract
We explore the impact of COVID-19 on employee's digital communication patterns through an event study of lockdowns in 16 large metropolitan areas in North America, Europe and the Middle East.Using de-identified, aggregated meeting and email meta-data from 3,143,270 users, we find, compared to pre-pandemic levels, increases in the number of meetings per person (+12.9 percent) and the number of attendees per meeting (+13.5 percent), but decreases in the average length of meetings (-20.1 percent).Collectively, the net effect is that people spent less time in meetings per day (-11.5 percent) in the post-lockdown period.We also find significant and durable increases in length of the average workday (+8.2 percent, or +48.5 minutes), along with short-term increases in email activity.These findings provide insight from a novel dataset into how the nature of work has changed for a large sample of knowledge workers.We discuss these changes in light of the ongoing challenges faced by organizations and workers struggling to adapt and perform in the face of a global pandemic.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Recent analyses of telemetry and survey data show that the pandemic affected both the who and the how of collaboration in information firms, with workers spending less time in meetings, communicating more by email, collaborating more with strong ties, and exhibiting more siloed and less stable communication patterns.
“Recent analyses of telemetry and survey data show that the pandemic has affected both the who and the how of collaboration in information firms-while working remotely during the pandemic, workers are spending less time in meetings 35 , communicating more by email 35 , collaborating more with their strong ties as opposed to their weak ties 36 , and exhibiting patterns of communication that are more”
From The effects of remote work on collaboration among information workers (2021) · cites this paper as [35]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Organizational Information Requirements, Media Richness and Structural Design
Daft, R. L., & Lengel, R. H. (1986) · Management Science · doi:10.1287/mnsc.32.5.554 · Cited by 9,868 · see citing works
Reducing Social Context Cues: Electronic Mail in Organizational Communication
Sproull, L. S., & Kiesler, S. B. (1986) · Management Science · doi:10.1287/mnsc.32.11.1492 · Cited by 2,377 · see citing works
How Effective Is Telecommuting? Assessing the Status of Our Scientific Findings
Allen, T. D., Golden, T. D., & Shockley, K. M. (2015) · Psychological Science in the Public Interest · doi:10.1177/1529100615593273 · Cited by 1,788 · see citing works
Skype interviewing: reflections of two PhD researchers
Deakin, H., & Wakefield, K. (2013) · Qualitative Research · doi:10.1177/1468794113488126 · Cited by 856 · see citing works
Barrick, M. R., Stewart, G. L., & Piotrowski, M. (2002) · Journal of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-9010.87.1.43 · Cited by 835 · see citing works
The effects of remote work on collaboration among information workers
Yang, L., Holtz, D., Jaffe, S., Suri, S., Sinha, S., Weston, J., Joyce, C., Shah, N., Sherman, K., Hecht, B., et al. (2021) · Nature Human Behaviour · doi:10.1038/s41562-021-01196-4 · Cited by 789 · see citing works
The Econometrics of Event StudiesPreprint
Kothari, S. P., & Warner, J. B. (2004) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.608601 · Cited by 604 · see citing works
Wiesenfeld, B. M., Raghuram, S., & Garud, R. B. (2001) · Journal of Management · doi:10.1016/s0149-2063(00)00096-9 · Cited by 537 · see citing works
Connecting Through Technology During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic: Avoiding “Zoom Fatigue”
Wiederhold, B. K. (2020) · Cyberpsychology Behavior and Social Networking · doi:10.1089/cyber.2020.29188.bkw · Cited by 503 · see citing works
The advantages and challenges of working here, there anywhere, and anytime
Kurkland, N. B., & Bailey, D. (1999) · Organizational Dynamics · doi:10.1016/s0090-2616(00)80016-9 · Cited by 498 · see citing works
Communication Patterns as Determinants of Organizational Identification in a Virtual Organization
Wiesenfeld, B. M., Raghuram, S., & Garud, R. B. (1999) · Organization Science · doi:10.1287/orsc.10.6.777 · Cited by 445 · see citing works
Virtual Work: Bridging Research Clusters
Raghuram, S., Hill, N. S., Gibbs, J. L., & Maruping, L. M. (2019) · Academy of Management Annals · doi:10.5465/annals.2017.0020 · Cited by 426 · see citing works
Discretion Within Constraint: Homophily and Structure in a Formal Organization
Kleinbaum, A. M., Stuart, T. E., & Tushman, M. L. (2013) · Organization Science · doi:10.1287/orsc.1120.0804 · Cited by 370 · see citing works
Measuring the predictability of life outcomes with a scientific mass collaboration
Salganik, M. J., Lundberg, I., Kindel, A. T., Ahearn, C. E., Al-Ghoneim, K., Almaatouq, A., Altschul, D. M., Brand, J. E., Carnegie, N. B., Compton, R. J., et al. (2020) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1915006117 · Cited by 322 · see citing works
Pixilated partnerships, overcoming obstacles in qualitative interviews via Skype: a research note
Seitz, S. (2015) · Qualitative Research · doi:10.1177/1468794115577011 · Cited by 316 · see citing works
"Not Another Meeting!" Are Meeting Time Demands Related to Employee Well-Being?
Rogelberg, S. G., Leach, D. J., Warr, P. B., & Burnfield, J. L. (2006) · Journal of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-9010.91.1.83 · Cited by 261 · see citing works
Gender, Flexibility Stigma and the Perceived Negative Consequences of Flexible Working in the UK
Chung, H. (2018) · Social Indicators Research · doi:10.1007/s11205-018-2036-7 · Cited by 252 · see citing works
Problems and Solutions in Conducting Event Studies
Henderson, G. V. (1990) · Journal of Risk & Insurance · doi:10.2307/253304 · Cited by 227 · see citing works
Golden, T. D., & Eddleston, K. A. (2019) · Journal of Vocational Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.jvb.2019.103348 · Cited by 206 · see citing works
Nonstandard Schedules and Young Children’s Behavioral Outcomes Among Working Low‐Income Families
Joshi, P. K., & Bogen, K. (2007) · Journal of Marriage and the Family · doi:10.1111/j.1741-3737.2006.00350.x · Cited by 198 · see citing works
Enculturation Trajectories: Language, Cultural Adaptation, and Individual Outcomes in Organizations
Srivastava, S. B., Goldberg, A., Manian, V. G., & Potts, C. (2017) · Management Science · doi:10.1287/mnsc.2016.2671 · Cited by 167 · see citing works
Large Scale Analysis of Multitasking Behavior During Remote Meetings
Cao, H., Lee, C.-J., Iqbal, S., Czerwinski, M., Wong, P. N. Y., Rintel, S., Hecht, B., Teevan, J. B., & Yang, L. (2021) · CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/3411764.3445243 · Cited by 165 · see citing works
Does Working from Home Work? Evidence from a Chinese Experiment
Bloom, N., Liang, J., Roberts, J. C. Q., & Ying, Z. J. (2013) · National Bureau of Economic Research · doi:10.3386/w18871 · Cited by 155 · see citing works
Meeting design characteristics and attendee perceptions of staff/team meeting quality.
Cohen, M. A., Rogelberg, S. G., Allen, J. A., & Luong, A. (2011) · Group Dynamics Theory Research and Practice · doi:10.1037/a0021549 · Cited by 146 · see citing works
Work-from-Anywhere: The Productivity Effects of Geographic Flexibility
Choudhury, P., Foroughi, C., & Larson, B. Z. (2020) · Academy of Management Proceedings · doi:10.5465/ambpp.2020.225 · Cited by 132 · see citing works
The Cambridge Handbook of Meeting Science
Allen, J. A. (2015) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9781107589735 · Cited by 127 · see citing works
Videoconferencing as a Mode of Communication
Denstadli, J. M., Julsrud, T. E., & Hjorthol, R. J. (2011) · Journal of Business and Technical Communication · doi:10.1177/1050651911421125 · Cited by 123 · see citing works
Kaplan, S., Engelsted, L., Lei, X., & Lockwood, K. (2018) · Journal of Business and Psychology · doi:10.1007/s10869-017-9498-5 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
Do We Really Need Another Meeting? The Science of Workplace Meetings
Mroz, J. E., Allen, J. A., Verhoeven, D. C., & Shuffler, M. L. (2018) · Current Directions in Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/0963721418776307 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
Interpretive analysis of team use of group technologies
DeSanctis, G., Poole, M. S., Dickson, G. W., & Jackson, B. M. (1993) · Journal of Organizational Computing and Electronic Commerce · doi:10.1080/10919399309540193 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Service transformation—managing a shift from business travel to virtual meetings
Arnfalk, P., & Kogg, B. (2003) · Journal of Cleaner Production · doi:10.1016/s0959-6526(02)00158-0 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Work-From-Anywhere: The Productivity Effects of Geographic FlexibilityPreprint
Choudhury, P., Foroughi, C., & Larson, B. Z. (2019) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.3494473 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
The effects of multimedia communication technology on non-collocated teams: a case study
Carletta, J., Anderson, A. H., & McEwan, R. (2000) · Ergonomics · doi:10.1080/00140130050084969 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Email Copies in Workplace Interaction
Skovholt, K., & Svennevig, J. L. (2006) · Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication · doi:10.1111/j.1083-6101.2006.00314.x · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Multitasking during Virtual Meetings
Wasson, C. (2004) · Human Resource Planning · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Trade-offs in a Tempest: Stakeholder Influence on Hurricane Evacuation Decisions
Dye, K. C., Eggers, J. P., & Shapira, Z. (2014) · Organization Science · doi:10.1287/orsc.2013.0890 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Coordinating face-to-face meetings in mobile network societies
Larsen, J., Urry, J., & Axhausen, K. W. (2008) · Repository for Publications and Research Data (ETH Zurich) · doi:10.3929/ethz-a-005664843 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Obstacles to Efficient Daily Meetings in Agile Development Projects: A Case Study
Stray, V. G., Lindsjørn, Y., & Sjøberg, D. I. K. (2013) · Proceedings of the ... ACM-IEEE International Symposium on Empirical Software Engineering and Measurement/International Symposium on Empirical Software Engineering and Measurement · doi:10.1109/esem.2013.30 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Does Medium Matter? A Comparison of Initial Meeting Modes for Virtual Teams
Han, H., Hiltz, S. R., Fjermestad, J. L., & Wang, Y. (2011) · IEEE Transactions on Professional Communication · doi:10.1109/tpc.2011.2175759 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
The Psychology of Why Organizations Can be Slow to Adapt and Change
Wright, G., Heijden, K. V. D., Bradfield, R., Burt, G. A., & Cairns, G. M. (2004) · Journal of General Management · doi:10.1177/030630700402900402 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
The management of virtual teams and virtual meetings
White, M. (2014) · Business Information Review · doi:10.1177/0266382114540979 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Meeting effectiveness and task performance: meeting size matters
Allen, J. A., Tong, J. S., & Landowski, N. (2020) · Journal of Management Development · doi:10.1108/jmd-12-2019-0510 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
The Strategic Agility Gap: How Organizations Are Slow and Stale to Adapt in Turbulent Worlds
Woods, D. D. (2020) · SpringerBriefs in applied sciences and technology · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-25639-5_11 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Measuring Collaboration in Modern Organizations
Impink, S. M., Prat, A., & Sadun, R. (2020) · AEA Papers and Proceedings · doi:10.1257/pandp.20201068 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Self-citationCountries, Culture, and Collaboration
Polzer, J. T., DeFilippis, E., & Tobio, K. (2018) · Academy of Management Proceedings · doi:10.5465/ambpp.2018.17645abstract · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Self-citation
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Why Working from Home Will Stick
Barrero, J. M., Bloom, N., & Davis, S. J. (2021) · National Bureau of Economic Research · doi:10.3386/w28731 · Cited by 900 · see citing works
The effects of remote work on collaboration among information workers
Yang, L., Holtz, D., Jaffe, S., Suri, S., Sinha, S., Weston, J., Joyce, C., Shah, N., Sherman, K., Hecht, B., et al. (2021) · Nature Human Behaviour · doi:10.1038/s41562-021-01196-4 · Cited by 789 · see citing works
Xiao, Y., Becerik-Gerber, B., Lucas, G., & Roll, S. C. (2020) · Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine · doi:10.1097/jom.0000000000002097 · Cited by 727 · see citing works
Six Key Advantages and Disadvantages of Working from Home in Europe during COVID-19
Ipsen, C., van Veldhoven, M. J. P. M., Kirchner, K., & Hansen, J. P. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph18041826 · Cited by 502 · see citing works
The fatiguing effects of camera use in virtual meetings: A within-person field experiment.
Shockley, K. M., Gabriel, A. S., Robertson, D., Rosen, C. C., Chawla, N., Ganster, M. L., & Ezerins, M. E. (2021) · Journal of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1037/apl0000948 · Cited by 299 · see citing works
The Donut Effect of Covid-19 on Cities
Ramani, A., & Bloom, N. (2021) · National Bureau of Economic Research · doi:10.3386/w28876 · Cited by 296 · see citing works
On the stress potential of videoconferencing: definition and root causes of Zoom fatigue
Riedl, R. (2022) · Electronic Markets · doi:10.1007/s12525-021-00501-3 · Cited by 272 · see citing works
McPhail, R., Chan, X. W., May, R., & Wilkinson, A. J. (2023) · The International Journal of Human Resource Management · doi:10.1080/09585192.2023.2221385 · Cited by 191 · see citing works
Althoff, L., Eckert, F., Ganapati, S., & Walsh, C. (2021) · Regional Science and Urban Economics · doi:10.1016/j.regsciurbeco.2022.103770 · Cited by 190 · see citing works
Essential jobs, remote work and digital surveillance: Addressing the COVID‐19 pandemic panopticon
Aloisi, A., & STEFANO, V. D. (2021) · International Labour Review · doi:10.1111/ilr.12219 · Cited by 182 · see citing works
A multicountry perspective on gender differences in time use during COVID-19
Giurge, L. M., Whillans, A. V., & Yemiscigil, A. (2021) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.2018494118 · Cited by 176 · see citing works
COVID-19 leadership challenges in knowledge work
Kirchner, K., Ipsen, C., & Hansen, J. P. (2021) · Knowledge Management Research & Practice · doi:10.1080/14778238.2021.1877579 · Cited by 164 · see citing works
Large Scale Analysis of Multitasking Behavior During Remote Meetings
Cao, H., Lee, C.-J., Iqbal, S., Czerwinski, M., Wong, P. N. Y., Rintel, S., Hecht, B., Teevan, J. B., & Yang, L. (2021) · CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/3411764.3445243 · Cited by 165 · see citing works
Wang, B., Schlagwein, D., Ćećez-Kecmanović, D., & Cahalane, M. C. (2020) · Journal of the Association for Information Systems · doi:10.17705/1jais.00641 · Cited by 125 · see citing works
Martin, L., Hauret, L., & Fuhrer, C. (2022) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0265131 · Cited by 115 · see citing works
Business meetings in a postpandemic world: When and how to meet virtually
Standaert, W., Muylle, S., & Basu, A. (2021) · Business Horizons · doi:10.1016/j.bushor.2021.02.047 · Cited by 106 · see citing works
Chan, X. W., Shang, S., Brough, P. A., Wilkinson, A. J., & Lu, C. (2022) · Asia Pacific Journal of Human Resources · doi:10.1111/1744-7941.12355 · Cited by 118 · see citing works
Working from home: small business performance and the COVID-19 pandemic
Zhang, T., Gerlowski, D., & Ács, Z. J. (2021) · Small Business Economics · doi:10.1007/s11187-021-00493-6 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
Work from anywhere: traditional workation, coworkation and workation retreats: a conceptual review
Voll, K., Gauger, F., & Pfnür, A. (2022) · World Leisure Journal · doi:10.1080/16078055.2022.2134199 · Cited by 104 · see citing works
Will coronavirus cause a big city exodus?
Nathan, M., & Overman, H. G. (2020) · Environment and Planning B Urban Analytics and City Science · doi:10.1177/2399808320971910 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Tahlyan, D., Said, M., Mahmassani, H. S., Stathopoulos, A., Walker, J. L., & Shaheen, S. (2021) · Transportation Research Part A Policy and Practice · doi:10.1016/j.tra.2021.11.025 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Examining the persistence of telecommuting after the COVID-19 pandemic
Mohammadi, M., Rahimi, E., Davatgari, A., Javadinasr, M., Mohammadian, A., Conway, M., Salon, D., Derrible, S., Pendyala, R. M., & Khoeini, S. (2022) · Transportation Letters · doi:10.1080/19427867.2022.2077582 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Why Working From Home Will Stick
Barrero, J. M., Bloom, N., & Davis, S. J. (2020) · doi:10.31235/osf.io/wfdbe · Cited by 68 · see citing works
The Power of Proximity to Coworkers
Emanuel, N., Harrington, E., & Pallais, A. (2023) · National Bureau of Economic Research · doi:10.3386/w31880 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
How does working from home during COVID-19 affect what managers do? Evidence from time-Use studies
Teodorovicz, T., Sadun, R., Kun, A. L., & Shaer, O. (2021) · Human-Computer Interaction · doi:10.1080/07370024.2021.1987908 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Self-citationHow working from home reshapes cities
Ramani, A., Alcedo, J., & Bloom, N. (2024) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.2408930121 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Jeske, D. (2022) · International Journal of Workplace Health Management · doi:10.1108/ijwhm-02-2021-0042 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Cognitive Performance in Remote Work: Evidence from Professional Chess
Künn, S., Seel, C., & Zēgners, D. (2021) · The Economic Journal · doi:10.1093/ej/ueab094 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Decomposing the effects of digitalization on workers’ job satisfaction
Bolli, T., & Pusterla, F. (2022) · International Review of Economics · doi:10.1007/s12232-022-00392-6 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Islam, T., Chaudhary, A., Jamil, S., & Ali, H. F. (2021) · Global Knowledge, Memory and Communication · doi:10.1108/gkmc-04-2021-0071 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Personal information inference from voice recordings: User awareness and privacy concerns
Kröger, J. L., Gellrich, L., Pape, S., Brause, S. R., & Ullrich, S. (2021) · Proceedings on Privacy Enhancing Technologies · doi:10.2478/popets-2022-0002 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
The constant mirror: Self-view and attitudes to virtual meetings
Kuhn, K. M. (2021) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2021.107110 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
International Journal of Ethics and Systems
(2023) · International Journal of Ethics and Systems · doi:10.1108/ijoes · Cited by 44 · see citing works
A question of quality: perceptions of internal communication during the Covid-19 pandemic in Germany
Ecklebe, S., & Löffler, N. (2021) · Journal of Communication Management · doi:10.1108/jcom-09-2020-0101 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Venz, L., & Boettcher, K. (2021) · Applied Psychology · doi:10.1111/apps.12357 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Sensitive Men and Hardy Women: How Do Millennials, Xennials and Gen X Manage to Work from Home?
Raišienė, A. G., Rapuano, V., & Varkulevičiūtė, K. (2021) · Journal of Open Innovation Technology Market and Complexity · doi:10.3390/joitmc7020106 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Aleksić, D., Černe, M., & Batistič, S. (2022) · Human Relations · doi:10.1177/00187267221139776 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Internet Access and its Implications for Productivity, Inequality, and Resilience
Barrero, J. M., Bloom, N., & Davis, S. J. (2021) · National Bureau of Economic Research · doi:10.3386/w29102 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Ch, N. A. N., Ansah, A. A., Katrahmani, A., Burmeister, J., Kun, A. L., Mills, C., Shaer, O., & Lee, J. D. (2022) · International Journal of Human-Computer Studies · doi:10.1016/j.ijhcs.2022.102982 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Afota, M.-C., Savard, Y. P., Ollier-Malaterre, A., & Léon, E. (2022) · International journal of human resources management · doi:10.1080/09585192.2022.2090269 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
van Zoonen, W., Sivunen, A. E., & Treem, J. W. (2021) · Journal of Organizational Behavior · doi:10.1002/job.2538 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Ong, J. L., Lau, T., Karsikas, M., Kinnunen, H. O., & Chee, M. W. L. (2021) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-021-93924-z · Cited by 32 · see citing works
How and when organization identification promotes safety voice among healthcare professionals
Hu, X., & Casey, T. W. (2021) · Journal of Advanced Nursing · doi:10.1111/jan.14868 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Awada, M., Becerik-Gerber, B., Lucas, G., & Roll, S. C. (2021) · ASME Journal of Engineering for Sustainable Buildings and Cities · doi:10.1115/1.4052822 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Virtual meetings and wellbeing: insights from the COVID-19 pandemic
Standaert, W., Thunus, S., & Schoenaers, F. (2022) · Information Technology and People · doi:10.1108/itp-01-2021-0022 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Pandemic effects: Do innovation activities of firms suffer from Long COVID?
Trunschke, M., Peters, B., Dirk Czarnitzki, A., & Rammer, C. (2024) · Research Policy · doi:10.1016/j.respol.2024.105024 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Labor Reallocation and Remote Work During COVID-19: Real-time Evidence from GitHub
McDermott, G. R., & Hansen, B. (2021) · National Bureau of Economic Research · doi:10.3386/w29598 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Information technology issues and challenges of the globe: the world IT project
Palvia, P., Ghosh, J., Jacks, T., & Serenko, A. (2021) · Information & Management · doi:10.1016/j.im.2021.103545 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Does working from home work? A natural experiment from lockdowns
Shen, L. (2022) · European Economic Review · doi:10.1016/j.euroecorev.2022.104323 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
How Do Different Remote Work Arrangements Impact Employee Job Satisfaction and Retention?
Makridis, C. A., & Schloetzer, J. D. (2026) · Management Science · doi:10.1287/mnsc.2024.07017 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Boca, D. D., Oggero, N., Profeta, P. A., & Rossi, M. C. (2021) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.3863828 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Coenen, L., Schelfhout, W., & Hondeghem, A. (2021) · Education Sciences · doi:10.3390/educsci11090509 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Exploring differences in the subjective well-being of teleworkers prior to and during the pandemic
Pataki-Bittó, F., & Kun, Á. (2022) · International Journal of Workplace Health Management · doi:10.1108/ijwhm-12-2020-0207 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Kapitsinis, N. (2025) · Applied Geography · doi:10.1016/j.apgeog.2025.103531 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
The future of working from home in the public sector: What does the evidence tell us?
Williamson, S., Pearce, A., Connor, J., Weeratunga, V., & Dickinson, H. (2022) · Australian Journal of Public Administration · doi:10.1111/1467-8500.12556 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Guney-Coskun, M., Öztürk, R. İ., Tak, A., & Şanlıer, N. (2022) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu14194006 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Keightley, S., Duncan, M. D., & Gardner, B. (2022) · Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine · doi:10.1097/jom.0000000000002757 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Development of Remote Jobs as a Factor to Increase Labor Efficiency
Maghlaperidze, E., Kharadze, N., & Куспляк, Г. (2021) · Journal of Eastern European and Central Asian Research (JEECAR) · doi:10.15549/jeecar.v8i3.669 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Wu, H., Chang, Y., & Chen, Y. (2023) · Applied Energy · doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2023.122167 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Working from Home and Management Controls
Flassak, K., Haag, J., Hofmann, C., Lechner, C., Schwaiger, N., & Zacherl, R. M. (2021) · Journal of Business Economics · doi:10.1007/s11573-022-01123-7 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Editorial: Accounting research and practice in the time of pandemic (v5)
Robson, K., Annisette, M., & Peecher, M. E. (2021) · Accounting Organizations and Society · doi:10.1016/j.aos.2021.101243 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Exploring policy options on teleworking
OECD (2020) · OECD local economic and employment development (LEED) working papers · doi:10.1787/5738b561-en · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Work from Home & Productivity: Evidence from Personnel & Analytics Data on IT ProfessionalsPreprint
Gibbs, M. J., Mengel, F., & Siemroth, C. (2021) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.3843197 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Thinning out spectators: Did football matches contribute to the second COVID-19 wave in Germany?
Fischer, K. (2022) · German Economic Review · doi:10.1515/ger-2021-0060 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Thoth: An intelligent model for assisting individuals with suicidal ideation
Heckler, W. F., Feijó, L. P., de Carvalho, J. V., & Barbosa, J. L. V. (2023) · Expert Systems with Applications · doi:10.1016/j.eswa.2023.120918 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
DiFrancisco‐Donoghue, J., Heras, B. D. L., Li, O., Middleton, J., & Jung, M.-K. (2023) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph20196855 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Zhang, P., & Chen, S. (2022) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2022.05.038 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Kane, G. C., Nanda, R., Phillips, A. N., & Copulsky, J. R. (2021) · The MIT Press eBooks · doi:10.7551/mitpress/13965.001.0001 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Pang, Z., Becerik-Gerber, B., Hoque, S., O’Neill, Z. D., Pedrielli, G., Wen, J., & Wu, T. (2021) · ASME Journal of Engineering for Sustainable Buildings and Cities · doi:10.1115/1.4052640 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Informational Justice and Remote Working: All is Not Fair for Work at Home
Lane, E. K., & Aplin-Houtz, M. J. (2022) · Employee Responsibilities and Rights Journal · doi:10.1007/s10672-022-09427-0 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Seidel, A., May, N., Guenther, E., & Ellinger, F. (2021) · Telematics and Informatics · doi:10.1016/j.tele.2021.101686 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Suratana, S., Tamornpark, R., Apidechkul, T., Srichan, P., Mulikaburt, T., Wongnuch, P., Kitchanapaibul, S., Yeemard, F., & Udplong, A. (2021) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0252326 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Remote Work, Work Measurement and the State of Work Research in Human-Centred Computing
Gould, S. J. J., Rudnicka, A., Cook, D., Cecchinato, M. E., Newbold, J. W., & Cox, A. L. (2023) · Interacting with Computers · doi:10.1093/iwc/iwad014 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Dehkordi, S. S., Radević, I., Černe, M., Božič, K., & Lamovšek, A. (2024) · The Journal of Creative Behavior · doi:10.1002/jocb.679 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
The Role of Telework for Productivity During and Post COVID-19
Criscuolo, C., Gál, P., Leidecker, T., Losma, F., & Nicoletti, G. (2023) · Economie et Statistique / Economics and Statistics · doi:10.24187/ecostat.2023.539.2097 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Language Barriers in Multinationals and Knowledge Transfers
Guillouët, L., Khandelwal, A. K., Macchiavello, R., Malhotra, M., & Teachout, M. (2021) · National Bureau of Economic Research · doi:10.3386/w28807 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Motives for using social networks and social network addiction in a time of pandemic
Cuadrado, E., Tabernero, C., Castillo-Mayén, R., Luque, B., & Moreno-Bella, E. (2022) · Cyberpsychology: Journal of Psychosocial Research on Cyberspace · doi:10.5817/cp2022-5-3 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Internet Access and its Implications for Productivity, Inequality, and ResiliencePreprint
Barrero, J. M., Bloom, N., & Davis, S. J. (2021) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.3895137 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Introduction of Technology to Support Young People’s Care and Mental Health—A Rapid Evidence Review
Ramshaw, G., McKeown, A., Lee, R., Conlon, A., Brown, D., & Kennedy, P. J. (2022) · Child & Youth Care Forum · doi:10.1007/s10566-022-09700-1 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Błaszczyk, M., Popović, M., Zajdel, K., & Zajdel, R. (2023) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su151512049 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Ngamasana, E. L., Zarwell, M., & Gunn, L. H. (2023) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-023-17164-8 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Hensher, D. A., Balbontín, C., Beck, M. J., & Wei, E. (2024) · Transportation Research Part A Policy and Practice · doi:10.1016/j.tra.2024.104194 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Mualam, N., Israel, E., & Max, D. (2022) · Journal of Planning Education and Research · doi:10.1177/0739456x221105811 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Organisation of Remote Work in IT Companies
Błaszczyk, M., Popović, M., Zajdel, K., & Zajdel, R. (2022) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su142013373 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
One-on-one meetings between managers and direct reports: A new opportunity for meeting science
Flinchum, J. R., Kreamer, L. M., Rogelberg, S. G., & Gooty, J. (2022) · Organizational Psychology Review · doi:10.1177/20413866221097570 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Motivated to Work or Working to Stay Motivated: A Diary and Interview Study on Working From Home
Borghouts, J. W., Mark, G. J., Williams, A. C., & Breideband, T. (2022) · Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction · doi:10.1145/3555121 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Popaitoon, P. (2022) · Journal of Asia Business Studies · doi:10.1108/jabs-08-2021-0327 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Going with(out) the flow at home: day-to-day variability in flow and performance while teleworking
Aitken, J. A., Kaplan, S. A., & Kuykendall, L. E. (2023) · European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology · doi:10.1080/1359432x.2023.2211271 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
The Power of Proximity to CoworkersPreprint
Emanuel, N., Harrington, E., & Pallais, A. (2023) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4638214 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Digital transition in a turbulent world: European regional growth opportunities in 17 years’ time
Capello, R., & Caragliu, A. (2024) · Economics of Innovation and New Technology · doi:10.1080/10438599.2024.2393202 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Boitet, L. M., Meese, K. A., Colón‐López, A., Schwiebert, L. M., & Rogers, D. A. (2023) · Journal of Multidisciplinary Healthcare · doi:10.2147/jmdh.s399517 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Remote Work and Innovation During this Covid-19 Pandemic: An Employers’ Challenge
Dash, B. (2022) · International Journal of Computer Science and Information Technology · doi:10.5121/ijcsit.2022.14202 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Jun, K., Hu, Z., Lee, J., & Lee, J. (2024) · Evidence-based HRM a Global Forum for Empirical Scholarship · doi:10.1108/ebhrm-07-2023-0194 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Perceived productivity when working from home: Insights into the global experience
Toivonen, S., Blind, I., & Kyrö, R. (2025) · International journal of organizational analysis · doi:10.1108/ijoa-10-2024-4945 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
COVID-19 impact on travel and work habits of office workers in Bangladesh
Hossain, S., Islam, M. A., & Akther, M. S. (2023) · Transportation Engineering · doi:10.1016/j.treng.2023.100162 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Gomes, D. R., Lourenço, P., & Ribeiro, N. M. P. (2021) · Administrative Sciences · doi:10.3390/admsci11040136 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Abrardi, L., Grinza, E., Manello, A., & Porta, F. (2022) · Empirical Economics · doi:10.1007/s00181-024-02621-z · Cited by 9 · see citing works
de Luna, M. E. M., Zaragoza, T. M. C. M., & Meza-de-Luna, L. (2022) · Psicoperspectivas Individuo y Sociedad · doi:10.5027/psicoperspectivas-vol21-issue2-fulltext-2467 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Telework and Productivity Before, During and After the COVID-19 Crisis
Bergeaud, A., Cette, G., & Drapala, S. (2023) · Economie et Statistique / Economics and Statistics · doi:10.24187/ecostat.2023.539.2098 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Work from Home & Productivity: Evidence from Personnel & Analytics Data on IT ProfessionalsPreprint
Gibbs, M., Mengel, F., & Siemroth, C. (2021) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.3841457 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
- Authors
- DeFilippis, E., Impink, S. M., Singell, M., Polzer, J., & Sadun, R.
- Affiliations
- National Bureau of Economic Research (US)
- Corresponding author
- Polzer, Jeffrey
- Venue
- SSRN Electronic Journal
- Publisher
- National Bureau of Economic Research
- Published
- 2020-07
- ISSN
- 1556-5068 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W3046267468
- Cited by
- 273
- References
- 45
- Citations by year
- 2026: 11 · 2025: 19 · 2024: 27 · 2023: 69 · 2022: 59 · 2021: 78 · 2020: 10
- Type
- posted content
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- doi.org
- Locations
- SSRN Electronic Journal (publishedVersion)
- National Bureau of Economic Research (publishedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Work-Family Balance Challenges
- Social Sciences › Economics, Econometrics and Finance › Economics and Econometrics › COVID-19 Pandemic Impacts
- Social Sciences › Safety Research › Social impacts of COVID-19
- Keywords
- COVID-19 pandemic, lockdown, staff meetings, working hours, knowledge workers, remote work, collaboration, meeting attendance
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review