Application of Immune Infiltration Signature and Machine Learning Model in the Differential Diagnosis and Prognosis of Bone-Related Malignancies
Open accessAbstract
Bone-related malignancies, such as osteosarcoma, Ewing’s sarcoma, multiple myeloma, and cancer bone metastases have similar histological context, but they are distinct in origin and biological behavior. We hypothesize that a distinct immune infiltrative microenvironment exists in these four most common malignant bone-associated tumors and can be used for tumor diagnosis and patient prognosis. After sample cleaning, data integration, and batch effect removal, we used 22 publicly available datasets to draw out the tumor immune microenvironment using the ssGSEA algorithm. The diagnostic model was developed using the random forest. Further statistical analysis of the immune microenvironment and clinical data of patients with osteosarcoma and Ewing’s sarcoma was carried out. The results suggested significant differences in the microenvironment of bone-related tumors, and the diagnostic accuracy of the model was higher than 97%. Also, high infiltration of multiple immune cells in Ewing’s sarcoma was suggestive of poor patient prognosis. Meanwhile, increased infiltration of macrophages and B cells suggested a better prognosis for patients with osteosarcoma, and effector memory CD8 T cells and type 2 T helper cells correlated with patients’ chemotherapy responsiveness and tumor metastasis. Our study revealed that the random forest diagnostic model based on immune infiltration can accurately perform the differential diagnosis of bone-related malignancies. The immune microenvironment of osteosarcoma and Ewing’s sarcoma has an important impact on patient prognosis. Suppressing the highly inflammatory environment of Ewing’s sarcoma and promoting macrophage and B cell infiltration may have good potential to be a novel adjuvant treatment option for osteosarcoma and Ewing’s sarcoma.
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Osteosarcoma patients with high infiltration of B cells had a better prognosis and activated B cells were positively correlated with survival.
“Osteosarcoma patients with high infiltration of B cells had a better prognosis and activated B cells were positively correlated with survival [73].”
From Advances on immunotherapy for osteosarcoma (2024) · cites this paper as [73]
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- Authors
- Li, G.-Q., Wang, Y.-K., Zhou, H., Jin, L.-G., Wang, C.-Y., Albahde, M., Wu, Y., Li, H.-Y., Zhang, W.-K., Li, B.-H., & Ye, Z.-M.
- Affiliations
- Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University (CN)
- Venue
- Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology
- Publisher
- Frontiers Media SA
- Published
- 2021-04-15
- Volume
- 9
- Pages
- 630355-630355
- ISSN
- 2296-634X (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC8082117
- OpenAlex
- W3155882843
- Cited by
- 24
- References
- 49
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 2
- FWCI
- 2.76
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- National Key Research and Development Program of China
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Sarcoma Diagnosis and Treatment
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cancer Immunotherapy and Biomarkers
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gene expression and cancer classification
- Keywords
- tumor immune microenvironment, differential diagnosis, osteosarcoma, Ewing sarcoma, multiple myeloma, bone metastasis, prognostic model, random forest, macrophage infiltration, B cell infiltration, CD8+ effector memory T cells, Th2 cells, chemotherapy response, metastasis, adjuvant therapy
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