Reduced skeletal muscle protein turnover and thyroid hormone metabolism in adaptive thermogenesis that facilitates body fat recovery during weight regain
Open accessAbstract
Objective: The recovery of body composition after weight loss is characterized by an accelerated rate of fat recovery (preferential catch-up fat) resulting partly from an adaptive suppression of thermogenesis. Although the skeletal muscle has been implicated as an effector site for such thrifty (energy conservation) metabolism driving catch-up fat, the underlying mechanisms remain to be elucidated. We test here the hypothesis that this thrifty metabolism driving catch-up fat could reside in a reduced rate of protein turnover (an energetically costly ‘futile’ cycle) and in altered local thyroid hormone metabolism in skeletal muscle. Methods: Using a validated rat model of semistarvation-refeeding in which catch-up fat is driven solely by suppressed thermogenesis, we measured after 1 week of refeeding in refed and control animals the following: (i) in-vivo rates of protein synthesis in hindlimb skeletal muscles using the flooding dose technique of 13C-labeled valine incorporation in muscle protein, (ii) ex-vivo muscle assay of net formation of thyroid hormone tri-iodothyronine (T3) from precursor hormone thyroxine (T4), and (iii) protein expression of skeletal muscle deiodinases (type 1, 2 and 3). Results: We show that after 1 week of calorie-controlled refeeding, the fractional protein synthesis rate was lower in skeletal muscles of refed animals than in controls (by 30-35%, p<0.01) despite no between-group differences in the rate of skeletal muscle growth or whole-body protein deposition - thereby underscoring concomitant reductions in both protein synthesis and protein degradation rates in skeletal muscles of refed animals compared to controls. These differences in skeletal muscle protein turnover during catch-up fat were found to be independent of muscle type and fiber composition, and were associated with a slower net formation of muscle T3 from precursor hormone T4, together with increases in muscle protein expression of deiodinases which convert T4 and T3 to inactive forms. Conclusions: These results suggest that diminished skeletal muscle protein turnover, together with altered local muscle metabolism of thyroid hormones leading to diminished intracellular T3 availability, are features of the thrifty metabolism that drives the rapid restoration of the fat reserves during weight regain after caloric restriction.
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Weight cycling and body composition trajectory may cause repeated fat-free mass loss that is not fully recovered during weight regain, due to post-restriction metabolic and hormonal changes during refeeding.
“weight cycling and body composition trajectory [113] as it may induce repeated FFM loss which is not completely recovered during weight regain in relation to post-restriction metabolic and hormonal alterations during refeeding [114].”
From Critical appraisal of definitions and diagnostic criteria for sarcopenic obesity based on a systematic review (2020) · cites this paper as [114]
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Self-citation
- Authors
- Calonne, J., Isacco, L., Miles-Chan, J., Arsenijevic, D., Montani, J.-P., Guillet, C., Boirie, Y., & Dulloo, A. G.
- Affiliations
- University of Fribourg (CH)
- Université Clermont Auvergne (FR)
- Corresponding author
- Dulloo, Abdul G.
- Venue
- Frontiers in Endocrinology
- Publisher
- Frontiers Media SA
- Published
- 2019-02-28
- Volume
- 10
- Pages
- 119-119
- ISSN
- 1664-2392 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC6403129
- OpenAlex
- W2920001649
- Cited by
- 29
- References
- 44
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 5
- FWCI
- 2.12
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Frontiers in Endocrinology (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- reroDoc Digital Library (submittedVersion)
- HAL (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- HAL (submittedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung (310030_152870)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Muscle metabolism and nutrition
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Adipose Tissue and Metabolism
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Muscle Physiology and Disorders
- Keywords
- weight regain, skeletal muscle protein turnover, thyroid hormone metabolism, triiodothyronine, deiodinases, adaptive thermogenesis, muscle protein synthesis, muscle protein degradation, caloric restriction
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