Cited by 117Biofuel production and bioconversionAnaerobic Digestion and Biogas ProductionCatalysis for Biomass Conversion

Underutilized Lignocellulosic Waste as Sources of Feedstock for Biofuel Production in Developing Countries

Open access
Adewuyi, Adewale·2022·Frontiers in Energy Research

Abstract

The need for a reliable and sustainable energy source, stability in energy price and solution to environmental challenges of fossil fuel has led to searching for an alternative energy source to fossil fuel. Several alternative sources have been developed over time, but they are limited in one form or another. However, biofuel such as bioethanol has been identified as a superb alternative with superior properties to fossil fuel. One major challenge with biofuel is the high production cost resulting from feedstock, which may also serve as a food source. In order to address this challenge, research is focused on searching for cheap and sustainable feedstock for biofuel production. Currently, attention is on lignocellulosic waste as feedstock with a keen interest in developing the most appropriate technique for processing it to bioethanol, especially in developing countries, which is the focus of this review. This review involves converting lignocellulosic waste to bioethanol and the pretreatment steps involved as well as its challenges, prospect and economic aspect. Among the pretreatment steps reported, biological treatment remains outstanding but with a few challenges which can be managed. Biofuel has come to stay in developing countries with lots of opportunities that favours its production cost. Although the high cost of enzyme production has been identified as a challenge to the economic viability of lignocellulosic bioethanol, there is hope that developing an efficient bio-system for simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) and consolidated biomass processing may help circumvent the challenge. In conclusion, the effective utilization of lignocellulosic waste in an efficient biocatalyst system can serve as an economically viable means to overcome the challenge posed by fossil fuel.

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  • Advanced feedstocks for second-generation biofuels encompass lignocellulosic biomass from agricultural residues and forestry wastes, dedicated non-food energy crops, and organic waste streams including municipal solid waste, food waste, and sewage sludge.

    “These advanced feedstocks encompass a diverse array of lignocellulosic biomass derived from agricultural residues (e.g., straw, corn stover) and forestry wastes (e.g., wood chips, sawdust), dedicated non-food energy crops, and various organic waste streams including municipal solid waste, food waste, and sewage sludge [116,117].”

    From Biofuels, E-Fuels, and Waste-Derived Fuels: Advances, Challenges, and Future Directions (2025) · cites this paper as [117]

    The Introduction identifies agricultural and forestry wastes and municipal solid waste as potential biofuel feedstocks. The Agro-Based Wastes section calls lignocellulosic agricultural residues second-generation feedstocks and includes fruit peels and vegetable leftovers. The paper lists grasses and mentions sludge from pulp and paper industries, but does not establish dedicated non-food energy crops or sewage sludge as feedstocks (page numbers unavailable). (LLM, conf=0.86)

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  • Major classifications for liquid biofuels relate to feedstock origin and production pathway, distinguishing triglyceride-based fuels from lignocellulosic-based fuels.

    “Major classifications for liquid biofuels often relate to their feedstock origin and production pathway, distinguishing between, for instance, triglyceride-based fuels derived primarily from oils and fats (1-G sources like palm oil or soybean oil [94,113]) and lignocellulosic-based fuels produced from nonfood plant matter (2-G sources like agricultural residues or forestry wastes) [116,117,224].”

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Research works printed but not linked: 7

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  7. Varga, E., Réczey, K., and Zacchi, G. (2003). "(Year). "Optimization of Steam Pretreatment of Corn stover to Enhance Enzymatic Digestibility," in Proceedings of the Twenty-Fifth Symposium on Biotechnology for Fuels and Chemicals Held May 4-7 (Breckenridge, CO: Springer), 509-523.

Authors
Adewuyi, A.
Affiliations
Redeemer's University (NG)
Corresponding author
Adewuyi, Adewale
Venue
Frontiers in Energy Research
Published
2022-02-17
Volume
10
ISSN
2296-598X (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W4212869635
Cited by
117
References
200
Citations by year
2026: 18 · 2025: 29 · 2024: 37 · 2023: 29 · 2022: 4
FWCI
7.18
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Frontiers in Energy Research (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
  • Greater South Information System
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Biofuel production and bioconversion
  • Physical Sciences › Engineering › Building and Construction › Anaerobic Digestion and Biogas Production
  • Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Catalysis for Biomass Conversion
Keywords
lignocellulosic waste, bioethanol, biofuel feedstock, lignocellulosic biomass pretreatment, biological pretreatment, enzyme production cost, simultaneous saccharification and fermentation, economic feasibility, developing countries, alternative energy

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