Microbial Cellulose Utilization: Fundamentals and Biotechnology

Lynd, Lee R.; Weimer, Paul J.; van Zyl, Willem H.; Pretorius, Isak S.

doi:10.1128/mmbr.66.3.506-577.2002

Cited by 4,726Biofuel production and bioconversionEnzyme Production and CharacterizationAnaerobic Digestion and Biogas Production

Microbial Cellulose Utilization: Fundamentals and Biotechnology

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Lynd, Lee R., Weimer, Paul J., van Zyl, Willem H., Pretorius, Isak S.·2002·Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews

DOI 10.1128/mmbr.66.3.506-577.2002PMC PMC120791

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Abstract

Fundamental features of microbial cellulose utilization are examined at successively higher levels of aggregation encompassing the structure and composition of cellulosic biomass, taxonomic diversity, cellulase enzyme systems, molecular biology of cellulase enzymes, physiology of cellulolytic microorganisms, ecological aspects of cellulase-degrading communities, and rate-limiting factors in nature. The methodological basis for studying microbial cellulose utilization is considered relative to quantification of cells and enzymes in the presence of solid substrates as well as apparatus and analysis for cellulose-grown continuous cultures. Quantitative description of cellulose hydrolysis is addressed with respect to adsorption of cellulase enzymes, rates of enzymatic hydrolysis, bioenergetics of microbial cellulose utilization, kinetics of microbial cellulose utilization, and contrasting features compared to soluble substrate kinetics. A biological perspective on processing cellulosic biomass is presented, including features of pretreated substrates and alternative process configurations. Organism development is considered for "consolidated bioprocessing" (CBP), in which the production of cellulolytic enzymes, hydrolysis of biomass, and fermentation of resulting sugars to desired products occur in one step. Two organism development strategies for CBP are examined: (i) improve product yield and tolerance in microorganisms able to utilize cellulose, or (ii) express a heterologous system for cellulose hydrolysis and utilization in microorganisms that exhibit high product yield and tolerance. A concluding discussion identifies unresolved issues pertaining to microbial cellulose utilization, suggests approaches by which such issues might be resolved, and contrasts a microbially oriented cellulose hydrolysis paradigm to the more conventional enzymatically oriented paradigm in both fundamental and applied contexts.

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Reaction conditions of biochemical methods are relatively mild: pretreatment temperature 60-220°C, enzyme hydrolysis temperature about 50°C, and fermentation temperature 20-60°C.
“Generally, the reaction conditions of biochemical methods are rela-tively mild where pretreatment temperature is 60-220 • C, enzyme hydrolysis temperature is about 50 • C, and fermentation temperature is 20-60 • C [61].”
From Recent Developments in Lignocellulosic Biofuels, a Renewable Source of Bioenergy (2022) · cites this paper as [61]

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ИСПОЛЬЗОВAНИЕ ПОТЕНЦИAЛA СОЦИAЛЬНЫХ ПAРТНЕРОВ В ПОДГОТОВКЕ БУДУЩИХ ПЕДAГОГОВ
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Authors: Lynd, L. R., Weimer, P. J., van Zyl, W. H., & Pretorius, I. S.
Affiliations: Dartmouth College (US)
Agricultural Research Service (US)
Department of Microbiology
Stellenbosch University (ZA)
ORCID: Lynd, Lee R.
Weimer, Paul J.
Pretorius, Isak S.
Venue: Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews
Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
Published: 2002-09
Volume: 66
Issue: 3
Pages: 506-577
ISSN: 1092-2172 (ISSN-L)
1098-5557
DOI: 10.1128/mmbr.66.3.506-577.2002
PMC: PMC120791
OpenAlex: W2098839738
Cited by: 4,726
References: 782
Citations by year: 2026: 124 · 2025: 157 · 2024: 152 · 2023: 142 · 2022: 193 · 2021: 253 · 2020: 243 · 2019: 222 · 2018: 222 · 2017: 256 · 2016: 266 · 2015: 305 · 2014: 337 · 2013: 352 · 2012: 341
FWCI: 4.30
Type: journal article
Language: en
Update notices: correction (2002-12-01)
Open access: green
europepmc.org
Licence: journals.asm.org/non-commercial-tdm-license (tdm)
Locations: Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews (publishedVersion)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: U.S. Department of Energy (FC36-00GO10591)
U.S. Department of Agriculture
Topics: Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Biofuel production and bioconversion
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Biotechnology › Enzyme Production and Characterization
Physical Sciences › Engineering › Building and Construction › Anaerobic Digestion and Biogas Production
Keywords: cellulase enzymes, cellulolytic microorganisms, cellulosic biomass, cellulose hydrolysis, consolidated bioprocessing, cellulase adsorption, enzymatic hydrolysis kinetics, bioenergetics, cellulose pretreatment, continuous culture, solid substrates
MeSH terms: Bacteria, Biotechnology, Cellulose, Enzymes, Gene Expression Regulation, Genetic Engineering, Hydrolysis, Yeasts, Biomass

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