The DOI matches its Crossref record; 306 of the 308 references it cites were found in a registry or an index, and 2 are not checked yet.
The changing face of the Arctic: four decades of greening and implications for tundra ecosystems
Open accessAbstract
Arctic landscapes occupy a nexus of environmental change processes, globally significant soil carbon stores, wildlife populations, and subsistence-based human societies. In response to rapid climate warming, tundra ecosystems are experiencing widespread changes to vegetation and underlying permafrost, coupled with an array of ecological disturbances that are expected to intensify in the future. Declines in the extent of the cryosphere on land (permafrost and seasonal snow) and offshore (sea-ice) raise the question of whether and for how long warmer portions of the Low Arctic will fit established concepts of “what is Arctic,” given the influence the cryosphere has historically had on tundra ecosystem structure and function. The era of spaceborne observation of circumpolar tundra greenness, in the form of the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), has entered its fifth decade and provides foundational information concerning ecosystem conditions and responses to climatic trends, variability, ecological disturbance, and successional processes. Here we review the evolving story of Arctic greening, and synthesize long-term spaceborne records of NDVI, climatic data, field observations, and the knowledge base of Arctic residents to place the last four decades of Arctic environmental change in context, and establish expectations and research priorities for the coming decade. Greenness dynamics display high spatio-temporal variability, reflecting complex interactions of climatic warming and variability, landscape history, ecological disturbance, and other factors. Nonetheless, long-term increases in NDVI—commonly known as “the greening of the Arctic”—remain prominent across large areas in all available long-term spaceborne datasets and align with long-term shifts in vegetation structure documented in disparate Arctic regions. Common shifts reported from the Low Arctic, such as shrubification, generally portend declines in floristic diversity, and shifts in fauna that favor boreal forest species. Despite lingering uncertainties regarding trend attribution and sources of interannual variability, the sequence of record-high circumpolar tundra greenness values observed since 2020 provides strong evidence that Arctic tundra ecosystems have entered a state without historic precedent on timescales approaching a millennium.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“The latter two records generally display less interannual variability in MaxNDVI than the legacy GIMMS-3g+ dataset, likely reflecting their higher spatial resolution and improved calibration (Frost et al. 2025).”
From NOAA Arctic Report Card 2025: Tundra Greenness (2025) · cites this paper as Frost et al. 2025
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Increases in the abundance, distribution, and height of Arctic shrubs are a major component of Arctic greening (Frost et al. 2025).”
From NOAA Arctic Report Card 2025: Tundra Greenness (2025) · cites this paper as Frost et al. 2025
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Items 201–308 of 308
Frost, G. V., Christopherson, T., Jorgenson, M. T., Liljedahl, A., Macander, M. J., Walker, D. A., & Wells, A. F. (2018) · Remote Sensing · doi:10.3390/rs10081312 · Cited by 43
Self-citationRapid transformation of tundra ecosystems from ice-wedge degradation
Jorgenson, M. T., Kanevskiy, M., Jorgenson, J. C., Liljedahl, A., Shur, Y. L., Epstein, H. E., Kent, K., Griffin, C. G., Daanen, R. P., Boldenow, M. L., et al. (2022) · Global and Planetary Change · doi:10.1016/j.gloplacha.2022.103921 · Cited by 43
Self-citation‘There are new species’: indigenous knowledge of biodiversity change in Arctic Yakutia
Ksenofontov, S., Backhaus, N., & Schaepman‐Strub, G. (2018) · Polar Geography · doi:10.1080/1088937x.2018.1547326 · Cited by 42
Self-citationHigh Arctic Vegetation Change Mediated by Hydrological Conditions
Campbell, T. K. F., Lantz, T. C., Fraser, R. H., & Hogan, D. (2020) · Ecosystems · doi:10.1007/s10021-020-00506-7 · Cited by 39
Self-citationRacine, C. H. (1981) · ARCTIC · doi:10.14430/arctic2508 · Cited by 39
Land cover changes across Greenland dominated by a doubling of vegetation in three decades
Grimes, M., Carrivick, J. L., Smith, M. W., & Comber, A. (2024) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-024-52124-1 · Cited by 39
Plant–Environment Interactions in the Low Arctic Torngat Mountains of Labrador
Davis, E., Trant, A. J., Hermanutz, L. A., Way, R. G., Lewkowicz, A. G., Collier, L. S., Cuerrier, A., & Whitaker, D. M. (2020) · Ecosystems · doi:10.1007/s10021-020-00577-6 · Cited by 37
Leibman, M., Khomutov, A., Анатольевич, Г. А., Dvornikov, Y. A., & Mullanurov, D. R. (2015) · Fennia · doi:10.11143/45201 · Cited by 37
Reindeer use of low Arctic tundra correlates with landscape structure
Skarin, A., Verdonen, M., Kumpula, T., Macias‐Fauria, M., Alam, M., Kerby, J. T., & Forbes, B. C. (2020) · Environmental Research Letters · doi:10.1088/1748-9326/abbf15 · Cited by 37
Self-citationBogaert, R. V., Jonasson, C., DAPPER, M. D., & Callaghan, T. V. (2009) · Plant Ecology & Diversity · doi:10.1080/17550870903487456 · Cited by 36
Climate drivers of Arctic tundra variability and change using an indicators framework
Bhatt, U. S., Walker, D. A., Raynolds, M. K., Walsh, J. E., Bieniek, P. A., Cai, L., Comiso, J. C., Epstein, H. E., Frost, G. V., Gersten, R., et al. (2021) · Environmental Research Letters · doi:10.1088/1748-9326/abe676 · Cited by 36
Self-citationLara, M. J., Chen, Y., & Jones, B. M. (2021) · Environmental Research Letters · doi:10.1088/1748-9326/ac3602 · Cited by 36
Self-citationCallaghan, T. V., Gatti, R. C., & Phoenix, G. K. (2021) · AMBIO · doi:10.1007/s13280-021-01607-w · Cited by 35
Self-citationThe Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer: Contributing to Earth Observations for over 40 Years
Kalluri, S. N. V., Cao, C., Heidinger, A. K., Ignatov, A. M., Key, J. R., & Smith, T. M. (2020) · Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society · doi:10.1175/bams-d-20-0088.1 · Cited by 35
Gaglioti, B. V., Berner, L. T., Jones, B. M., Orndahl, K. M., Williams, P., Andreu‐Hayles, L., D'Arrigo, R. D., Goetz, S. J., & Mann, D. H. (2021) · Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences · doi:10.1029/2020jg006009 · Cited by 35
Self-citationExpanding beaver pond distribution in Arctic Alaska, 1949 to 2019
Tape, K. D., Clark, J. A., Jones, B. M., Kantner, S., Gaglioti, B. V., Grosse, G., & Nitze, I. (2022) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-022-09330-6 · Cited by 34
Self-citationDisentangling the coupling between sea ice and tundra productivity in Svalbard
Macias‐Fauria, M., Karlsen, S. R., & Forbes, B. C. (2017) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-017-06218-8 · Cited by 34
Self-citationLindgren, P. R., Farquharson, L., Romanovsky, V. E., & Grosse, G. (2020) · Environmental Research Letters · doi:10.1088/1748-9326/abd270 · Cited by 34
Leading‐edge disequilibrium in alder and spruce populations across the forest–tundra ecotone
Travers-Smith, H., & Lantz, T. C. (2020) · Ecosphere · doi:10.1002/ecs2.3118 · Cited by 34
Self-citationVegetation grows more luxuriantly in Arctic permafrost drained lake basins
Chen, Y., Liu, A., & Cheng, X. Y. (2021) · Global Change Biology · doi:10.1111/gcb.15853 · Cited by 33
Lantz, T. C. (2017) · ARCTIC · doi:10.14430/arctic4646 · Cited by 32
Self-citationArctic riparian shrub expansion indicates a shift from streams gaining water to those that lose flow
Liljedahl, A., Timling, I., Frost, G. V., & Daanen, R. P. (2020) · Communications Earth & Environment · doi:10.1038/s43247-020-00050-1 · Cited by 31
Self-citationCanopy reflectance models illustrate varying NDVI responses to change in high latitude ecosystems
Huemmrich, K. F., Vargas, S. A., Campbell, P., & Tweedie, C. E. (2021) · Ecological Applications · doi:10.1002/eap.2435 · Cited by 31
Large and small herbivores have strong effects on tundra vegetation in Scandinavia and Alaska
Lindén, E., Gough, L., & Olofsson, J. (2021) · Ecology and Evolution · doi:10.1002/ece3.7977 · Cited by 31
What’s killing the world’s shorebirds?
Munro, M. (2016) · Nature · doi:10.1038/541016a · Cited by 31
Wheeler, H. C., Høye, T. T., & Svenning, J. (2017) · Global Change Biology · doi:10.1111/gcb.13837 · Cited by 30
Sae-Lim, J., Russell, J. M., Vachula, R. S., Holmes, R. M., Mann, P. J., Schade, J. D., & Natali, S. M. (2019) · The Holocene · doi:10.1177/0959683619838036 · Cited by 30
Drivers of tall shrub proliferation adjacent to the Dempster Highway, Northwest Territories, Canada
Cameron, E. A., & Lantz, T. C. (2016) · Environmental Research Letters · doi:10.1088/1748-9326/11/4/045006 · Cited by 30
Self-citationAndruko, R., Danby, R. K., & Grogan, P. (2020) · Ecosystems · doi:10.1007/s10021-019-00474-7 · Cited by 29
Towards long-term records of rain-on-snow events across the Arctic from satellite data
Bartsch, A., Bergstedt, H., Pointner, G., Muri, X., Rautiainen, K., Leppänen, L., Joly, K., Sokolov, A. A., Orekhov, P., Ehrich, D., et al. (2023) · The Cryosphere · doi:10.5194/tc-17-889-2023 · Cited by 28
Self-citationNitrogen fixing shrubs advance the pace of tall-shrub expansion in low-Arctic tundra
Schore, A. I. G., Fraterrigo, J. M., Salmon, V. G., Yang, D., & Lara, M. J. (2023) · Communications Earth & Environment · doi:10.1038/s43247-023-01098-5 · Cited by 28
Self-citationLiu, C., Huang, H., & Sun, F. (2021) · Remote Sensing · doi:10.3390/rs13234933 · Cited by 28
Beamish, A., Coops, N. C., Chabrillat, S., & Heim, B. (2017) · Remote Sensing · doi:10.3390/rs9111200 · Cited by 27
Kapfer, J., & Grytnes, J. (2017) · Applied Vegetation Science · doi:10.1111/avsc.12280 · Cited by 26
Location of studies and evidence of effects of herbivory on Arctic vegetation: a systematic map
Soininen, E. M., Barrio, I. C., Bjørkås, R., Björnsdóttir, K., Ehrich, D., Hopping, K. A., Kaarlejärvi, E., Kolstad, A. L., Юрисовна, А. С., Björk, R. G., et al. (2021) · Environmental Evidence · doi:10.1186/s13750-021-00240-0 · Cited by 26
Self-citationKlupar, I., Rocha, A. V., & Rastetter, E. B. (2021) · Global Change Biology · doi:10.1111/gcb.15646 · Cited by 26
Self-citationCooper, E. J., Little, C. J., Pilsbacher, A. K., & Mörsdorf, M. A. (2019) · Journal of Vegetation Science · doi:10.1111/jvs.12793 · Cited by 25
Recent massive expansion of wildfire and its impact on active layer over pan-Arctic permafrost
Zhu, X., Xu, X., & Jia, G. (2023) · Environmental Research Letters · doi:10.1088/1748-9326/ace205 · Cited by 25
Biophysical controls of increased tundra productivity in the western Canadian Arctic
Chen, A., Lantz, T. C., Hermosilla, T., & Wulder, M. A. (2021) · Remote Sensing of Environment · doi:10.1016/j.rse.2021.112358 · Cited by 24
Self-citationMortier, S., Hamedpour, A., Bussmann, B., Wandji, R. T., Latré, S., Sigurdsson, B. D., Schepper, T. D., & Verdonck, T. (2024) · Ecological Informatics · doi:10.1016/j.ecoinf.2024.102730 · Cited by 24
Runge, A., & Grosse, G. (2020) · Remote Sensing · doi:10.3390/rs12152471 · Cited by 24
Post-fire stabilization of thaw-affected permafrost terrain in northern Alaska
Jones, B. M., Kanevskiy, M., Shur, Y., Gaglioti, B. V., Jorgenson, M. T., Jones, M. W., Veremeeva, A., Miller, E. A., & Jandt, R. R. (2024) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-024-58998-5 · Cited by 24
Self-citationTrends in Greenness and Snow Cover in Alaska’s Arctic National Parks, 2000–2016
Swanson, D. K. (2017) · Remote Sensing · doi:10.3390/rs9060514 · Cited by 23
Karlsen, S. R., Elvebakk, A., Stendardi, L., Høgda, K. A., & Macias‐Fauria, M. (2024) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174130 · Cited by 23
Self-citationWill accelerated soil development be a driver of Arctic Greening in the late 21st century?#
Döetterl, S., Alexander, J. M., Fior, S., Frossard, A., Magnabosco, C., de Broek, M. V., & Westergaard, K. B. (2021) · Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science · doi:10.1002/jpln.202100334 · Cited by 22
Changes in Vegetation Phenology and Productivity in Alaska Over the Past Two Decades
Potter, C. S., & Alexander, O. (2020) · Remote Sensing · doi:10.3390/rs12101546 · Cited by 22
Russian collaboration loss risks permafrost carbon emissions network
Schuur, E. A. G., Pallandt, M. M. T. A., & Goeckede, M. (2024) · Nature Climate Change · doi:10.1038/s41558-024-02001-6 · Cited by 22
Jørgensen, R. H., Meilby, H., & Kollmann, J. (2013) · Arctic Antarctic and Alpine Research · doi:10.1657/1938-4246-45.4.515 · Cited by 20
Schuur, E. A. G., Pries, C. H., Mauritz, M., Pegoraro, E., Rodenhizer, H., See, C. R., & Ebert, C. (2023) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A Mathematical Physical and Engineering Sciences · doi:10.1098/rsta.2022.0201 · Cited by 20
Frost, G. V., Bhatt, U. S., Macander, M. J., Hendricks, A. S., & Jorgenson, M. T. (2021) · Earth Interactions · doi:10.1175/ei-d-20-0025.1 · Cited by 20
Self-citationMosites, E. M., Lujan, E., Brook, M., Brubaker, M., Roehl, D., Tcheripanoff, M., & Hennessy, T. (2018) · One Health · doi:10.1016/j.onehlt.2018.10.002 · Cited by 19
Cheng, R. (2024) · Current Climate Change Reports · doi:10.1007/s40641-024-00194-8 · Cited by 19
Post, E., Cahoon, S. M. P., Kerby, J. T., Pedersen, C. T., & Sullivan, P. F. (2021) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.2015158118 · Cited by 19
Magnússon, R. Í., Groten, F., Bartholomeus, H. M., van Huissteden, J., & Heijmans, M. M. P. D. (2023) · Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences · doi:10.1029/2022jg007330 · Cited by 18
Self-citationDruckenmiller, M. L., Thoman, R. L., Moon, T., Andreassen, L. M., Ballinger, T. J., Berner, L. T., Bernhard, G., Bhatt, U. S., Bigalke, S., Bjerke, J. W., et al. (2024) · Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society · doi:10.1175/bams-d-24-0101.1 · Cited by 18
Self-citationParmentier, F. W., Nilsen, L., Tømmervik, H., & Cooper, E. J. (2021) · Earth system science data · doi:10.5194/essd-13-3593-2021 · Cited by 18
Self-citationJones, B. M., Tape, K. D., Clark, J. A., Bondurant, A. C., Jones, M. W., Gaglioti, B. V., Elder, C. D., Witharana, C., & Miller, C. E. (2021) · Remote Sensing · doi:10.3390/rs13234863 · Cited by 18
Rocha, A. V., Blakely, B., Jiang, Y., Wright, K. S., & Curasi, S. R. (2018) · Environmental Research Letters · doi:10.1088/1748-9326/aaeb50 · Cited by 18
Self-citationNDVI changes in the Arctic: Functional significance in the moist acidic tundra of Northern Alaska
Jespersen, R. G., Anderson-Smith, M., Sullivan, P. F., Dial, R. J., & Welker, J. M. (2023) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0285030 · Cited by 18
Shevtsova, I., Herzschuh, U., Heim, B., Schulte, L., Stuenzi, S. M., Pestryakova, L. A., Zakharov, E. S., & Kruse, S. (2021) · Biogeosciences · doi:10.5194/bg-18-3343-2021 · Cited by 17
Browning events in Arctic ecosystems: Diverse causes with common consequences
Phoenix, G. K., Bjerke, J. W., Björk, R. G., Blok, D., Bryn, A., Callaghan, T. V., Christiansen, C. T., Cunliffe, A. M., Davidson, S. J., Epstein, H. E., et al. (2025) · PLOS Climate · doi:10.1371/journal.pclm.0000570 · Cited by 17
Self-citationShoreline change at Alaska coastal communities
Overbeck, J. R., Buzard, R. M., Turner, M. M., Miller, K. Y., & Glenn, R. J. (2020) · doi:10.14509/30552 · Cited by 16
Liu, C., Huang, H., Liu, C., Wang, X., & Wang, S. (2024) · International Journal of Digital Earth · doi:10.1080/17538947.2024.2328823 · Cited by 16
Regional opportunities for tundra conservation in the next 1000 years
Kruse, S., & Herzschuh, U. (2022) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.75163 · Cited by 15
The value of ethnography in times of change: The story of Emmonak
Fienup-Riordan, A., Brown, C. L., & Braem, N. M. (2013) · Deep Sea Research Part II Topical Studies in Oceanography · doi:10.1016/j.dsr2.2013.04.005 · Cited by 15
Vindstad, O. P. L., Jepsen, J. U., Molvig, H., & Ims, R. A. (2022) · Arctic Science · doi:10.1139/as-2021-0027 · Cited by 14
Jones, B. M., Tessier, S. S., Tessier, T., Brubaker, M., Brook, M., Schaeffer, J., Jones, M. W., Grosse, G., Nitze, I., Rettelbach, T., et al. (2023) · Arctic Antarctic and Alpine Research · doi:10.1080/15230430.2023.2195518 · Cited by 13
Self-citationA Comparison of Satellite Imagery Sources for Automated Detection of Retrogressive Thaw Slumps
Rodenhizer, H., Yang, Y., Fiske, G. J., Potter, S., Windholz, T., Mullen, A. L., Watts, J. D., & Rogers, B. M. (2024) · Remote Sensing · doi:10.3390/rs16132361 · Cited by 13
Self-citationLarking, T., Davis, E., Way, R. G., Hermanutz, L. A., & Trant, A. J. (2021) · Arctic Science · doi:10.1139/as-2020-0031 · Cited by 12
Steketee, J. K., Rocha, A. V., Gough, L., Griffin, K. L., Klupar, I., An, R., Williamson, N., & Rowe, R. J. (2022) · Ecology · doi:10.1002/ecy.3689 · Cited by 12
Self-citationRussian dilemma for global arctic science
Rees, G., & Büntgen, U. (2024) · AMBIO · doi:10.1007/s13280-024-02038-z · Cited by 12
Regional fire–greening positive feedback loops in Alaskan Arctic tundra
Chen, D., Fu, C., Jenkins, L. K., He, J., Wang, Z., Jandt, R. R., Frost, G. V., Bredder, A., Berner, L. T., & Loboda, T. V. (2024) · Nature Plants · doi:10.1038/s41477-024-01850-5 · Cited by 12
Self-citationLyons, J. E., Brown, S. C., Saalfeld, S. T., Johnson, J. A., Andres, B. A., Sowl, K. M., Gill, R. E., McCaffery, B. J., Kidd, L. R., McGarvey, M., et al. (2023) · Ornithological Applications · doi:10.1093/ornithapp/duad066 · Cited by 12
Influence of tundra fire severity on vegetation recovery in the Northwest Territories
Chen, A., & Lantz, T. C. (2024) · Arctic Science · doi:10.1139/as-2022-0050 · Cited by 12
Self-citationHeim, B., Lisovski, S., Wieczorek, M., Morgenstern, A., Juhls, B., Shevtsova, I., Kruse, S., Boike, J., Fedorova, I., & Herzschuh, U. (2022) · Environmental Research Letters · doi:10.1088/1748-9326/ac8066 · Cited by 12
Changes in Onset of Vegetation Growth on Svalbard, 2000–2020
Karlsen, S. R., Elvebakk, A., Tømmervik, H., Belda, S., & Stendardi, L. (2022) · Remote Sensing · doi:10.3390/rs14246346 · Cited by 12
Self-citationSpiegel, M. P., Volkovitskiy, A., Terekhina, A., Forbes, B. C., Park, T., & Macias‐Fauria, M. (2023) · Earth s Future · doi:10.1029/2022ef003407 · Cited by 12
Self-citationNogovitcyn, A., Shakhmatov, R., Morozumi, T., Tei, S., Miyamoto, Y., Nagai, S., Maximov, T. C., & Sugimoto, A. (2023) · Biogeosciences · doi:10.5194/bg-20-3185-2023 · Cited by 11
Liu, A., Chen, Y., & Cheng, X. Y. (2023) · Remote Sensing · doi:10.3390/rs15184561 · Cited by 11
Yang, D., McMahon, A., Hantson, W., Anderson, J. A., & Serbin, S. P. (2023) · Methods in Ecology and Evolution · doi:10.1111/2041-210x.14231 · Cited by 10
MODIS/Aqua Vegetation Indices 16-Day L3 Global 500m SIN Grid V061
Didan, K. (2021) · Earth Observing System Data and Information System · doi:10.5067/modis/myd13a1.061 · Cited by 10
Summer drought weakens land surface cooling of tundra vegetation
Rietze, N., Assmann, J. J., Plekhanova, E., Naegeli, K., Damm, A., Maximov, T., Karsanaev, S. V., Hensgens, G., & Schaepman‐Strub, G. (2024) · Environmental Research Letters · doi:10.1088/1748-9326/ad345e · Cited by 9
Self-citationPermafrost Degradation as a Supporting Factor for the Biodiversity of Tundra Ecosystems
Lashchinskiy, N. N., Kartoziia, A. A., & Faguet, A. (2020) · Contemporary Problems of Ecology · doi:10.1134/s1995425520040071 · Cited by 9
Arctic science diplomacy in new geopolitical conditions: From “soft” power to “hard” dialogue?
Zaika, Y. V., & Lagutina, M. L. (2023) · Polar Record · doi:10.1017/s0032247423000141 · Cited by 9
Potravny, I. M., & Elsakov, V. (2024) · Arctic Ecology and Economy · doi:10.25283/2223-4594-2024-2-301-311 · Cited by 9
Global change research needs international collaboration
Büntgen, U., & Rees, G. (2023) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166054 · Cited by 8
Kruse, S., Shevtsova, I., Heim, B., Pestryakova, L. A., Zakharov, E. S., & Herzschuh, U. (2023) · Arctic Antarctic and Alpine Research · doi:10.1080/15230430.2023.2220208 · Cited by 8
A new habitat map of the Lena Delta in Arctic Siberia based on field and remote sensing datasets
Lisovski, S., Runge, A., Shevtsova, I., Landgraf, N., Morgenstern, A., Okoth, R. R., Fuchs, M., Lashchinskiy, N. N., Stadie, C., Beamish, A., et al. (2025) · Earth system science data · doi:10.5194/essd-17-1707-2025 · Cited by 8
Seider, J. H., Lantz, T. C., Hermosilla, T., Wulder, M. A., & Wang, J. A. (2022) · Ecosystems · doi:10.1007/s10021-021-00725-6 · Cited by 8
Self-citationIncreases in graminoids after three decades of change in the High Arctic
Schaefer, J. A. (2023) · Polar Research · doi:10.33265/polar.v42.9560 · Cited by 7
Varying response of vegetation to sea ice dynamics over the Arctic
Yu, L., Leng, G., & Python, A. (2021) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149378 · Cited by 7
20 years of change in tundra NDVI from coupled field and satellite observations
Huemmrich, K. F., Gamon, J. A., Campbell, P., Mora, M., Vargas, S. A., Almanza, B., & Tweedie, C. E. (2023) · Environmental Research Letters · doi:10.1088/1748-9326/acee17 · Cited by 7
Understanding Northern Latitude Vegetation Greening and Browning
Board on Life Sciences, Studies, D. O. E. A. L., & National Academies of Sciences, E. (2019) · National Academies Press eBooks · doi:10.17226/25423 · Cited by 7
Drivers of heterogeneity in tundra vegetation productivity on the Yamal Peninsula, Siberia, Russia
Tassone, M., Epstein, H. E., Armstrong, A., Bhatt, U. S., Frost, G. V., Heim, B., Raynolds, M. K., & Walker, D. A. (2024) · Environmental Research Ecology · doi:10.1088/2752-664x/ad220f · Cited by 7
Self-citationTømmervik, H., Julitta, T., Nilsen, L., Park, T., Burkart, A., Ostapowicz, K., Karlsen, S. R., Parmentier, F. W., Pirk, N., & Bjerke, J. W. (2023) · Data in Brief · doi:10.1016/j.dib.2023.109581 · Cited by 7
Self-citationMizel, J. D., & Swanson, D. K. (2022) · Arctic Antarctic and Alpine Research · doi:10.1080/15230430.2022.2034373 · Cited by 6
Hendricks, A. S., Bhatt, U. S., Frost, G. V., Walker, D. A., Bieniek, P. A., Raynolds, M. K., Lader, R. T., Epstein, H. E., Pinzón, J. E. D., Tucker, C. J., et al. (2023) · Earth Interactions · doi:10.1175/ei-d-23-0002.1 · Cited by 6
Self-citationvon Baeckmann, C., Bartsch, A., Bergstedt, H., Efimova, A., Widhalm, B., Ehrich, D., Kumpula, T., Sokolov, A. A., & Юрисовна, А. С. (2024) · The Cryosphere · doi:10.5194/tc-18-4703-2024 · Cited by 5
Self-citationBonta, C., King, G. M., & Danby, R. K. (2023) · Arctic Science · doi:10.1139/as-2022-0036 · Cited by 3
Impacts of abiotic and biotic factors on tundra productivity near Utqiaġvik, Alaska
Zhang, Q., Zhang, X., Lara, M. J., Li, Z., Xiao, J., Zhao, K., & Hu, T. (2023) · Environmental Research Letters · doi:10.1088/1748-9326/acf7d6 · Cited by 3
Self-citationPan-Arctic Visualization of Landscape Change (2003-2022), Arctic PASSION Permafrost Service
Nitze, I., Lübker, T., & Grosse, G. (2024) · Publishing Network for Geoscientific and Environmental Data (PANGAEA) (Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research) · doi:10.1594/pangaea.964814 · Cited by 3
Self-citationCameron, E. A., Lantz, T. C., & Kokelj, S. V. (2023) · Arctic Science · doi:10.1139/as-2022-0032 · Cited by 2
Self-citationWays of identifying lichen and plant species by the Nenets reindeer herders in Yamal
Laptander, R., Stammler, F., Forbes, B. C., & Stark, S. (2024) · Arctic Science · doi:10.1139/as-2023-0046 · Cited by 2
Self-citationOmnia mea mecum porto*: Rus Arktik Bölgesinde Bilim Diplomasisi Alanı
Zaika, Y. V. (2024) · DergiPark (Istanbul University) · Cited by 2
Tømmervik, H., & Nilsen, L. (2023) · Norwegian Meteorological Institute · doi:10.21343/zdm7-jd72 · Cited by 1
Self-citationKarlsen, S. R. (2023) · Norwegian Meteorological Institute · doi:10.21343/30hv-1e14 · Cited by 1
Self-citationBarbero (2014) · doi:10.1016/j · Cited by 1
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 12
- 2017, Snow, water, ice and permafrost in the arctic (SWIPA) 2017
- Didan, 2018, VIIRS/NPP vegetation indices 16-day L3 global 500m SIN grid V001
- Fienup-Riordan, 2021, Yup’Ik and Cup’Ik observations of Alaska’s changing Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta: results of a knowledge exchange meeting with natural scientists
- Frost, 2024, Tundra greenness [in “state of the climate in 2023”], Bull. Am. Meteorological Soc., 105, S305, 10.1175/BAMS-D-24-0101.1 · DOI
- Magnússon, Shrub decline and expansion of wetland vegetation revealed by very high resolution land cover change detection in the Siberian lowland tundra, Sci. Total Environ., 782, 146877, 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146877 · DOI
- Meltofte, 2013, Arctic biodiversity assessment: status and trends in arctic biodiversity. Akureyri
- Rearden, 2014, Nunamta ellamta-llu ayuqucia: what our land and world are like
- Rupp, 2000, A frame-based spatially explicit model of subarctic vegetation response to climatic change: comparison with a point model, Landsc. Ecol., 15, 383, 10.1023/A:1008168418778 · DOI
- Ukraintseva, 2007, The effect of cryogenic landslides (active-layer detachments) on fertility of tundra soils on Yamal Peninsula, Russia, 1605
- Von Baeckmann, 2024, Landcover succession for recently drained lakes in permafrost on the Yamal peninsula, West. Sib., 10.5194/egusphere-2024-699 · DOI
- Walker, The circumpolar Arctic vegetation map, J. Veg. Sci., 16, 267, 10.1658/1100-9233(2005)016[0267:tcavm]2.0.co;2 · DOI
- Zaika, 2024, Omnia mea mecum porto*: science diplomacy realm of the Russian Arctic, Paradig. İktisadi ve İdari Araştırmalar Derg., 13, 1
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Colesie, C., Gray, A. M., Walshaw, C. V., Bokhorst, S., Kerby, J. T., Jawak, S. D., Sancho, L. G., & Convey, P. (2025) · Global Change Biology · doi:10.1111/gcb.70294 · Cited by 20
Borealization of tundra ecosystems with climate and land-use change
Verdonen, M., Barrio, I. C., Barbero-Palacios, L., López‐Blanco, E., Speed, J. D. M., Defourneaux, M., Criado, M. G., Moullec, M. L., Mellard, J. P., Salazar, A., et al. (2025) · Environmental Research Letters · doi:10.1088/1748-9326/ae2e18 · Cited by 8
Self-citationSlentz, A. E., Mckenna, A. M., Kellerman, A. M., Holt, A. D., Burns, A. J., Miller, M., Wagner, S., Tzortziou, M. A., Smith, H., Mannino, A., et al. (2025) · Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences · doi:10.1029/2025jg008899 · Cited by 5
Virkkala, A., Wargowsky, I. K., Vogt, J., Kuhn, M. A., Madaan, S., Windholz, T., Arndt, K. A., Rocher‐Ros, G., Goeckede, M., Olefeldt, D., et al. (2026) · Earth system science data · doi:10.5194/essd-18-6357-2026 · Cited by 5
Self-citationPhulara, M., Opała‐Owczarek, M., Szymański, W., Ślopek, J., Węgrzyn, M. H., Łupikasza, E. B., Korabiewski, B., & Owczarek, P. (2025) · Global Ecology and Conservation · doi:10.1016/j.gecco.2025.e03801 · Cited by 3
Metadata
- Authors
- Frost, G. V., Bhatt, U. S., Macander, M. J., Berner, L. T., Walker, D. A., Raynolds, M. K., Magnússon, R. Í., Bartsch, A., Bjerke, J. W., Epstein, H. E., Forbes, B. C., Goetz, S. J., Hoy, E. E., Karlsen, S. R., Kumpula, T., Lantz, T. C., Lara, M. J., López-Blanco, E., Montesano, P. M., Neigh, C. S. R., Nitze, I., Orndahl, K. M., Park, T., Phoenix, G. K., Rocha, A. V., Rogers, B. M., Schaepman-Strub, G., Tømmervik, H., Verdonen, M., Veremeeva, A., Virkkala, A.-M., & Waigl, C. F.
- Affiliations
- Alaska Biological Research (United States) (US)
- University of Alaska Fairbanks (US)
- Northern Arizona University (US)
- Wageningen University & Research (NL)
- b.geos (AT)
- Norwegian Institute for Nature Research (NO)
- University of Virginia (US)
- University of Lapland (FI)
- Goddard Space Flight Center (US)
- NORCE Research AS (NO)
- University of Eastern Finland (FI)
- University of Victoria (CA)
- University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign (US)
- Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung (DE)
- Ames Research Center (US)
- University of Sheffield (GB)
- University of Notre Dame (US)
- Woodwell Climate Research Center (US)
- Agricultural University of Iceland (IS)
- Corresponding author
- Frost, Gerald V.
- ORCID
- Frost, Gerald V.
- Bhatt, Uma S.
- Macander, Matthew J.
- Berner, Logan T.
- Walker, Donald A.
- Raynolds, Martha K.
- Magnússon, Rúna Í.
- Bjerke, Jarle W.
- Epstein, Howard E.
- Forbes, Bruce C.
- Goetz, Scott J.
- Hoy, Elizabeth E.
- Karlsen, Stein R.
- Kumpula, Timo
- Lantz, Trevor C.
- Lara, Mark J.
- Montesano, Paul M.
- Neigh, Christopher S. R.
- Nitze, Ingmar
- Orndahl, Kathleen M.
- Park, Taejin
- Phoenix, Gareth K.
- Rocha, Adrian V.
- Rogers, Brendan M.
- Tømmervik, Hans
- Verdonen, Mariana
- Veremeeva, Alexandra
- Virkkala, Anna-Maria
- Waigl, Christine F.
- Venue
- Frontiers in Environmental Science
- Publisher
- Frontiers Media SA
- Published
- 2025-04-10
- Volume
- 13
- ISSN
- 2296-665X (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W4409329826
- Cited by
- 51
- References
- 308
- Citations by year
- 2026: 39 · 2025: 12
- FWCI
- 22.15
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Frontiers in Environmental Science (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- White Rose Research Online (University of Leeds, The University of Sheffield, University of York) (acceptedVersion)
- Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich) (acceptedVersion, cc-by)
- Socio-Environmental Systems Modeling (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich)
- Funders
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration (80NSSC22K1256)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Atmospheric Science › Climate change and permafrost
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Ecology › Polar Research and Ecology
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Ecology › Remote Sensing in Agriculture
- Keywords
- Arctic greening, tundra ecosystems, NDVI, global warming, permafrost thaw, shrubification, vegetation change, sea ice decline, Low Arctic, long-term satellite records, floristic diversity, environmental disturbance, indigenous knowledge
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
