The DOI matches its Crossref record; 49 of the 49 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
MCL and Mincle: C-Type Lectin Receptors That Sense Damaged Self and Pathogen-Associated Molecular Patterns
Open accessAbstract
Macrophage C-type lectin (MCL) and macrophage inducible C-type lectin (Mincle) comprise part of an extensive repertoire of pattern recognition receptors with the ability to sense damage-associated and pathogen-associated molecular patterns. In this review, we cover the discovery and molecular characterization of these C-type lectin receptors, and highlight recent advances in the understanding of their roles in orchestrating the response of the immune system to bacterial and fungal infection, and damaged self. We also discuss the identification and structure-activity relationships of activating ligands, particularly trehalose dimycolate and related mycobacterial glycolipids, which have significant potential in the development of TH1/TH17 vaccination strategies.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“For direct recognition of apoptotic material by efferocytes an array of receptors, which mediate tethering and/or engulfment, include CR3 and CR4, CD36, CD91 [low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein (LRP)], and other scavenging receptors (SR-A), vitronectin receptor (αvβ3) and αvβ5integrin as well as Mincle, which also recognizes the M. tuberculosis cell wall lipid TDM (134).”
From Macrophage defense mechanisms against intracellular bacteria (2015) · cites this paper as [134]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Fitzgerald, M., Hayward, I. P., Thomas, A. C., Campbell, J. H., & CAMPBELL, G. R. (1995) · Cited by 2,552
Signalling through C-type lectin receptors: shaping immune responses
Geijtenbeek, T. B. H., & Gringhuis, S. I. (2009) · Nature reviews. Immunology · doi:10.1038/nri2569 · Cited by 1,449
The C‐type lectin‐like domain superfamily
Zelensky, A. N., & Gready, J. E. (2005) · FEBS Journal · doi:10.1111/j.1742-4658.2005.05031.x · Cited by 1,411
Direct recognition of the mycobacterial glycolipid, trehalose dimycolate, by C-type lectin Mincle
Ishikawa, E., Ishikawa, T., Morita, Y. S., Toyonaga, K., Yamada, H., Takeuchi, O., Kinoshita, T., Akira, S., Yoshikai, Y., & Yamasaki, S. (2009) · The Journal of Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1084/jem.20091750 · Cited by 794
Mincle is an ITAM-coupled activating receptor that senses damaged cells
Yamasaki, S., Ishikawa, E., Sakuma, M., Hara, H., Ogata, K., & Saito, T. (2008) · Nature Immunology · doi:10.1038/ni.1651 · Cited by 740
Schoenen, H., Bodendorfer, B., Hitchens, K., Manzanero, S., Werninghaus, K., Nimmerjahn, F., Agger, E. M., Stenger, S., Andersen, P. L., Ruland, J., et al. (2010) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.0904013 · Cited by 497
Engineering galactose-binding activity into a C-type mannose-binding protein
Drickamer, K. (1992) · Nature · doi:10.1038/360183a0 · Cited by 477
C-type lectin receptors orchestrate antifungal immunity
Hardison, S. E., & Brown, G. D. (2012) · Nature Immunology · doi:10.1038/ni.2369 · Cited by 460
Structural Requirements for Glycolipid Antigen Recognition by CD1b-Restricted T Cells
Moody, D. B., Reinhold, B. B., Guy, M. R., Beckman, E. M., Frederique, D. E., Furlong, S. T., Ye, S., Reinhold, V. N., Sieling, P. A., Modlin, R. L., et al. (1997) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.278.5336.283 · Cited by 441
Wells, C. A., Salvage-Jones, J., Li, X., Hitchens, K., Butcher, S., Murray, R. Z., Beckhouse, A. G., Lo, Y.-L.-S., Manzanero, S., Cobbold, C., et al. (2008) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.180.11.7404 · Cited by 434
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 101–139 of 139
Sun, L., Liu, H., Shi, K., Wei, M., & Jiang, H. (2024) · Journal of Biochemical and Molecular Toxicology · doi:10.1002/jbt.70062 · Cited by 4
Mosaiab, T., Boiteux, S., Zulfiker, A. H. M., Wei, M. Q., Kiefel, M. J., & Houston, T. A. (2018) · ChemBioChem · doi:10.1002/cbic.201800150 · Cited by 4
Holder, A. L., Kolakowski, J., Rosentreter, C., Knuepfer, E., Jégouzo, S. A. F., Rosenwasser, O. A., Harris, H., Baumgärtel, L., Gibson, A. J., & Werling, D. (2023) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2023.1189587 · Cited by 4
Yang, J., Lee, H. G., Cho, S., Kim, W. M., Jeong, S., Bae, H., Yoon, M. H., & Choi, J. I. (2018) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2018.10.017 · Cited by 7
C-Type Lectins and Their Roles in Disease and Immune Homeostasis
Ebbecke, T., Diersing, C., Lindenwald, D. L., Stegmann, F., & Lepenies, B. (2020) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-819475-1.00063-8 · Cited by 4
A Simple Strategy to Obtain Synthetic Ca2+‐Dependent Lectin Mimics
Timmer, B. J. J., & Mooibroek, T. J. (2021) · European Journal of Organic Chemistry · doi:10.1002/ejoc.202100767 · Cited by 5
Byrareddy, S. N., Little, D. M., Mayne, A. E., Villinger, F. J., & Ansari, A. A. (2015) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0140689 · Cited by 4
Matsumoto, M., Kubota, T., Fujita, S., Shiozaki, K., Kishida, S., & Yamamoto, A. (2019) · Infection and Immunity · doi:10.1128/iai.00459-19 · Cited by 4
Lee, T. W., Bae, E., Kim, J. H., Jung, M. H., & Park, D. J. (2025) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms26178353 · Cited by 3
Parasites Dampen Dendritic Cell Activation to Ensure Their Survival
von Stebut, E. (2016) · Trends in Parasitology · doi:10.1016/j.pt.2016.12.001 · Cited by 3
Host immune responses to fungal infection
García-Carnero, L. C., Gómez-Gaviria, M., Tamez-Castrellón, A. K., & Mora-Montes, H. M. (2024) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-818619-0.00136-2 · Cited by 3
Fashemi, B., Wang, C., Chappidi, R. R., Morsy, H., & Mysorekar, I. U. (2022) · Urogynecology · doi:10.1097/spv.0000000000001276 · Cited by 3
Lee, W., Yan, J.-J., Kang, J.-S., Chung, S. H., & Kim, L. K. (2017) · Microbiology and Immunology · doi:10.1111/1348-0421.12544 · Cited by 2
Zhou, W., Wu, L., Song, J., Jiao, L., Zhou, Y., Zhou, J., Wang, N., Liu, T., Zhao, Z., Bai, H., et al. (2021) · BMC Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1186/s12879-021-06448-2 · Cited by 2
Small molecules as ligands in the tuning of immune regulatory receptors
Fioretto, L., Ziaco, M., Nuzzo, G., Albiani, F., Saponaro, M., Carbone, D., Barra, G., dell’Isola, M., Follero, O., Esercizio, N., et al. (2025) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2025.1648691 · Cited by 1
Infection at the vascular front: A delicate balance between defense and pathology
Zhou, J., Wang, D., & Yan, B. (2025) · Microbial Pathogenesis · doi:10.1016/j.micpath.2025.108261 · Cited by 1
Synthesis and immunological evaluation of Mincle ligands-based antitumor vaccines
Wang, K., Zhang, T., Liu, M., Wang, D., Zhu, H., Wang, Z., Fan, Y., Liu, Y., & Zhao, W. G. (2022) · Chinese Chemical Letters · doi:10.1016/j.cclet.2022.108065 · Cited by 1
Ji, X., Huang, J. M., Li, Z., Luan, X., Bai, S., & Zhu, Z. (2024) · Combinatorial Chemistry & High Throughput Screening · doi:10.2174/0113862073288546240528085144 · Cited by 1
Kang, D. H., Kim, W. M., Bae, H., Yang, J., & Choi, J. I. (2024) · Heliyon · doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e40694 · Cited by 1
C-Type Lectin (C-Type Lectin Receptor)
Kim, C.-H. (2022) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-16-9081-5_8 · Cited by 1
Flores‐Valdez, M. A., Segura-Cerda, C. A., Vallejo‐Cardona, A. A., & Velázquez-Fernández, J. B. (2022) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-91948-7.00013-0 · Cited by 1
Editorial: Structural and Computational Glycobiology – Immunity and Infection
Agostino, M., & Yuriev, E. (2015) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2015.00359
The Regulatory Role of Interleukin-1 Receptor Associated Kinase M in Toll-Like Receptor Signaling
Zhou, H. (2016) · EngagedScholarship @ Cleveland State University (Cleveland State University)
Glycans in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)
Ohkawa, Y., Kizuka, Y., Harada, Y., & Taniguchi, N. (2020) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-819475-1.00030-4
Brain Infections, Encephalitis, and Meningitis: Fungus
Generoso, J. S., Collodel, A., Hasbun, R., & Barichello, T. (2021) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-818731-9.00126-9
Trehalose amide glycolipids as Mincle ligands: Towards new vaccine adjuvants
Lynch, A. T. (2018) · Open Access Victoria University of Wellington | Te Herenga Waka (Figshare) · doi:10.26686/wgtn.17152082
Holder, A. L., Kolakowski, J., Rosentreter, C., Knuepfer, E., Jégouzo, S. A. F., Rosenwasser, O. A., Harris, H., Baumgärtel, L., Gibson, A. J., & Werling, D. (2023) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2023.03.20.533273
The Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Ligands for C-Type Lectin Receptors
Khan, A. (2023) · Open Access Victoria University of Wellington | Te Herenga Waka (Figshare) · doi:10.26686/wgtn.23639394
Zhou, W., Wu, L., Song, J., Jiao, L., Zhou, Y., Zhou, J., Wang, N., Liu, T., Zhao, Z., Bai, H., et al. (2021) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.15145734
Tanuma, K., Shiga, M., Sano, K., Kazuki, H., Nitta, S., Chihara, I., Nagumo, Y., Kandori, S., Hoshi, A., Negoro, H., et al. (2026) · BMC Cancer · doi:10.1186/s12885-026-15951-1
Chen, X., Liu, X., Liu, J., Huang, H., Zhang, W., Xie, X., & Cao, Y. (2026) · PLoS Pathogens · doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1014232
Yu, Z., Zhao, Z., Tian, Y., Xue, G., Wang, J., Li, Y., & Fan, H. (2026) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2026.1904376
Wang, R., Peng, X., Liu, W., Song, Z., & Yu, H. (2026) · Virulence · doi:10.1080/21505594.2026.2719264
C-type lectin receptors: bone remodeling and therapeutic potential
Kleim, M., Bözec, A., Weber, M., & Grötsch, B. (2026) · Bone Research · doi:10.1038/s41413-026-00567-9
Rationally designed tunable amphiphilic glycopolymers for safe and effective vaccine adjuvanticity
Hendricksen, A. T., Ontiveros-Padilla, L. A., Murphy, C. T., Williamson, G. L., Lopez, A. M., Bachelder, E. M., & Ainslie, K. M. (2026) · RSC Advances · doi:10.1039/d6ra05875b
BindingDB (2024) · UC San Diego · doi:10.7270/q2t157vd
Metadata
- Authors
- Richardson, M. B., & Williams, S. J.
- Affiliations
- The University of Melbourne (AU)
- Corresponding author
- Williams, Spencer J.
- Venue
- Frontiers in Immunology
- Publisher
- Frontiers Media SA
- Published
- 2014-06-23
- Volume
- 5
- Pages
- 288-288
- ISSN
- 1664-3224 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4066366
- OpenAlex
- W2005183346
- Cited by
- 138
- References
- 49
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 16 · 2021: 19 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 17 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 1
- FWCI
- 1.27
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by
- Locations
- Frontiers in Immunology (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Minerva Access (University of Melbourne) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- Australian Research Council
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immune Response and Inflammation
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immune responses and vaccinations
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immunotherapy and Immune Responses
- Keywords
- Mincle, C-type lectin receptors, pattern recognition receptors, damage-associated molecular patterns, pathogen-associated molecular patterns, trehalose dimycolate, mycobacterial glycolipids, bacterial infection, fungal infection, structure-activity relationship, innate immunity
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review