The DOI matches its Crossref record; 183 of the 183 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
The Role of Environmental Factors in Modulating Immune Responses in Early Life
Open accessAbstract
The concept of immunological memory stipulates that past exposures shape present immune function. These exposures include not only specific antigens impacting adaptive immune memory but also conserved pathogen or danger associated molecular patterns that mold innate immune responses for prolonged periods of time. It should thus not come as a surprise that there is a vast range of external or environmental factors that impact immunity. The importance of environmental factors modulating immunity is most readily recognized in early life, a period of rapidly changing environments. We here summarize available data on the role of environment shaping immune development and from it derive an overarching hypothesis relating the underlying molecular mechanisms and evolutionary principles involved.
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“Defenses against intracellular pathogens and cell-mediated immunity rely on Th-1 responses, which reach adult levels only after around two years of age [24].”
From Immune function and micronutrient requirements change over the life course (2018) · cites this paper as [24]
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Metadata
- Authors
- MacGillivray, D. M., & Kollmann, T. R.
- Affiliations
- University of British Columbia (CA)
- Corresponding author
- Kollmann, Tobias R.
- ORCID
- Kollmann, Tobias R.
- Venue
- Frontiers in Immunology
- Publisher
- Frontiers Media SA
- Published
- 2014-09-12
- Volume
- 5
- Pages
- 434-434
- ISSN
- 1664-3224 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4161944
- OpenAlex
- W2077870918
- Cited by
- 219
- References
- 182
- Citations by year
- 2026: 15 · 2025: 27 · 2024: 19 · 2023: 22 · 2022: 24 · 2021: 33 · 2020: 22 · 2019: 17 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 14 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 7
- FWCI
- 0.88
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by
- Locations
- Frontiers in Immunology (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- Burroughs Wellcome Fund
- Michael Smith Health Research BC
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immune responses and vaccinations
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immune Response and Inflammation
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › T-cell and B-cell Immunology
- Keywords
- environmental factors, immune system development, early life, immunological memory, innate immunity, adaptive immunity, pathogen-associated molecular patterns, damage-associated molecular patterns, evolutionary immunology, immune system evolution
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